一种宽频带捷变频雷达频率合成器

应用大规模集成数字锁相环芯片，高性能晶振源，频率数字快捷电路，经过相位噪声分析和合成器优化设计，研制成功了具有工作频率高，输出频带宽，频率捷变快，相位噪声低，功率大，杂散低，抗干扰能力强和体积小的捷变频雷达频率合成器，满足了新一代雷达的要求。     

电荷泵对小数分频锁相环相位噪声的影响

与整数分频电荷泵锁相环不同,小数分频电荷泵锁相环中电荷泵对锁相环的性能有更大的影响,电荷泵的各种非理想因素将降低PLL输出相位噪声和杂散的性能.重点分析了电荷泵两种非理想因素对小数分频锁相环相位噪声和杂散的影响:非线性和电流失调.此外还分析了电荷泵电流源噪声对小数分频锁相环的影响,分析结果为优化电荷泵的电路设计提供理论依据.     

锁相环中低电流失配电荷泵的设计

提出了一种应用于低供电电压低相位噪声锁相环系统的低电流失配的电荷泵电路。仿真结果表明,输出电压0．4V～1．3V范围内。电荷泵上下电流失配小于1％,满足低供电电压锁相环系统对电荷泵的要求。电路采用中芯国际0．18μm标准数字工艺参数仿真。     

分频器中的相位噪声及抑制方法

重点论述了分频器新增相位噪声和分频器内部噪声源对分频器输出相位的影响。认为在实际的分频器设计中，可以利用门电路把输入脉冲选出，以消除分频器各级的影响，还可以利用锁相环电路来抑制分频器的相位噪声。这两种方法的实验结果表明，对分频器的相位噪声有明显的抑制作用。     

分频器中的上位噪声及抑制方法

重点论述了分频器新增相位噪声和分频器内部噪声源对分频器输出相位的影响。认为在实际的分频器设计中，可以利用门电路把输入脉冲选出，以消除分频器各级的影响，还以利用锁相环电路徕抑制分频器的相位噪声。这两种方法的实验结果表明，对分频器的相位噪声有明显的抑制作用。     

应用脉冲调制技术改善分数锁相环频谱纯度

介绍了分数分频锁相环产生分数调制的原因和进行相位补偿的复杂性，分析了小数位的数字分布对输出信号频谱纯度的影响，由此给出用脉冲调制方式改善输出信号质量的实现方案和理论分析。     

基于锁相环的滞后超前环路滤波器的设计与仿真

为了改善锁相环电路的稳定性以及其相位噪声性能,基于对锁相环路传输特性的分析,提出并实现了一种新的高阶滞后超前环路滤波器的设计方法.该电路适用于高速锁相环及时钟数据恢复电路.通过调节环路滤波器元件的参数,可以满足不同的电路要求.对环路滤波器版图数据进行了PSPICE模拟,其结果表明,锁相环电路的相位裕量在40°~50°范围内时,电路的锁相时间、输出波形的形式都能够达到最优的状态.     

锁相环路的相位噪声分析

本文对锁相环电路的相位噪声进行了论述,并对其中各组成部件的相位噪声也做了较为详细的分析。文中最后提出了改善锁相环相位噪声的办法。     

直接数字频率合成及其杂散分析

直接数字频率合成采用全数字技术，具有分辨力高、频率转换快和相位噪声低等优点。该文介绍了直接数字频率合成原理，分析了在没有相位截断和Ｄ／Ａ转换器理想情况下，正弦波输出及脉冲输出中的杂散分量．     

C波段数字锁相频率合成器的设计

介绍了一种C波段频率源的设计和实现方法.采用数字锁相环技术实现了C波段锁相频率合成器,其输出频率为6.4 GHz,功率大于10 dBm,相位噪声优于-74.1 dBc/Hz@1kHz.该频率合成器满足设计目标,可用广泛用于各种通信和测试设备中.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the