Fabrication of MgB_2 superconducting films by different methods

MgB2 superconducting films have been successfully fabricated on single crystal MgO(111) and c-AL2O3 substrates by different methods. The film deposited by pulsed laser deposition is c-axis oriented with zero resistance transition temperature of 38.4 K, while the other two films fabricated by chemical vapor deposition and electrophoresis are c-axis textured with the zero resistance transition temperature of 38 K and 39 K, respectively. Magnetization hysteresis measurements yield critical current density Jc of 107 A/cm2 at 15 K in zero field for the thin film and of 105 A/cm2 for the thick film. For the thin film deposited by chemical vapor deposition, the microwave surface resistance at 10 K is found to be as low as 100μΩ, which is comparable with that of a high-quality high-temperature superconducting thin film of YBCO.     

添加剂对电泳法制备YBa2Cu3O7-δ超导涂层的影响

第二代高温超导带材YBa2Cu3O7-δ(YBCO)具有高载流能力、高不可逆场、低交流损耗和高转变温度,成为当前的热点研究对象.采用低成本的电泳沉积技术在Hastelloy合金上成功制备了YBCO超导层.添加剂对电泳液的稳定性及涂层性能有着重要影响.实验研究了添加剂(种类选择及添加量)与YBCO超导层的关系.结果表明,添加005gPVB时所制备的样品具有较好的超导电性,其临界电流密度可达100A/cm2(0T,77K).     

钙钛矿La2/3Ca1/3MnO3/YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3Ca1/3MnO3三层薄膜的磁输运性能

高温超导材料YBa2Cu4O8(YBCO)和铁磁材料La2／3Ca1／3MnO3(LCMO)形成的三层薄膜LCMO／YBCO／LCMO由对靶溅射技术制得．与YBCO单层薄膜相比，由于超导／铁磁系统中的磁性邻近效应，三层薄膜表现出较低的超导转变温度(Tc,ON)．与LCMO单层膜相比，三层薄膜的金属半导体转变温度(TMS)被提高并且强烈依赖于YBCO层的厚度．随中间层厚度的变化，磁电阻显示出非单调行为，长振荡周期被发现．结果表明，当YBCO处于正常态时两层LCMO膜之间存左着磁性自旋相互作用．     

Current Limiting Characteristic Analysis of Magnetic-controlled Switcher Type Fault Current Limiter

A novel magnetic-controlled switcher type fault current limiter （FCL） based on the topology of the saturated iron core high temperature superconducting FCL is proposed. The magnetic field distribution of the FCL iron core is analyzed by FEA software ANSYS. The current limiting characteristic is investigated by both 3-D field-circuit coupled simulation and Matlab. The experiments on the 220 V/50 A test model show that the FCL can limit the fault current swiftly and effectively,and the FCL has the advantages of simple and reliable structure, flexible control strategy. The simulation and experimental results prove that the theoretical expectation and current limiting performance is satisfactory for practical use.     

YBCO超导材料微波表面电阻测量

利用3cm波段矩形波导谐振腔TE_(103)模对YBaCuO超导材料的微波表面电阻进行了测量,观察到了在转变温度吋腔的Q值的突然变化.在液氮温度时的表面电阻约为正常电阻的20％.实验并观察了所测表面电阻值随样品厚度的变化情况.     

Superinsulator and quantum synchronization

Synchronized oscillators are ubiquitous in nature, and synchronization plays a key part in various classical and quantum phenomena. Several experiments have shown that in thin superconducting films, disorder enforces the droplet-like electronic texture--superconducting islands immersed into a normal matrix--and that tuning disorder drives the system from superconducting to insulating behaviour. In the vicinity of the transition, a distinct state forms: a Cooper-pair insulator, with thermally activated conductivity. It results from synchronization of the phase of the superconducting order parameter at the islands across the whole system. Here we show that at a certain finite temperature, a Cooper--air insulator undergoes a transition to a superinsulating state with infinite resistance. We present experimental evidence of this transition in titanium nitride films and show that the superinsulating state is dual to the superconducting state: it is destroyed by a sufficiently strong critical magnetic field, and breaks down at some critical voltage that is analogous to the critical current in superconductors.     

云计算环境下移动大数据合理分流方法研究

采用传统方法对移动大数据进行分流时,结果不合理,对不同处理器的分流均衡性较差。为此,提出一种新的移动大数据合理分流方法。给出云计算环境下移动大数据分流平台整体结构,在云计算环境中每个可编程交换机上安装移动大数据分流单元。将移动大数据分流问题转换成求解最优解问题,通过状态反馈实现分流。将优化分解方法与拉格朗日乘法结合在一起完成分布式计算,获取移动大数据在链路上的均衡分流模型。采用交换机分流单元获取云计算环境下网络的分流状态,求出此时收益函数的偏导数,将两者相加获取最终分流结果。对移动大数据分流延迟进行分析。实验结果表明,所提方法能够保证分流均衡性和合理性。     

Superconductivity in the non-magnetic state of iron under pressure.

Ferromagnetism and superconductivity are thought to compete in conventional superconductors, although in principle it is possible for any metal to become a superconductor in its non-magnetic state at a sufficiently low temperature. At pressures above 10 GPa, iron is known to transform to a non-magnetic structure and the possibility of superconductivity in this state has been predicted. Here we report that iron does indeed become superconducting at temperatures below 2 K at pressures between 15 and 30 GPa. The transition to the superconducting state is confirmed by both a drop in resistivity and observation of the Meissner effect.     

Enhanced superconducting performance in solution-derived YBCO-BaZrO_3composite film

YBa_2 Cu_3 O_(7-δ)/BaZrO_3(YBCO/BZO) composite film with enhanced flux-pinning performance was prepared on LaAlO_3(LAO) substrate via a fluorine-free sol-gel method in combination with a novel photosensitive sol-gel lithography technique.Owing to the difference of lattice mismatch between the interfaces of YBCO/LAO and YBCO/BZO,high-density stacking faults were successfully introduced into YBCO matrix,which has been confirmed by XRD and HRTEM analysis.Magnetization measurement results indicate that YBCO/BZO composite film has a stronger current-carrying capacity than the pure YBCO film especially under applied magnetic fields.However,the critical current density of YBCO/CeO_2 composite film is much lower than that of the pure YBCO film at all the applied magnetic fields due to the chemical reaction between YBCO and CeO_2.Therefore,it can be concluded that the flux-pinning performance of YBCO film can be improved by the lattice distortions within YBCO matrix as long as the metal oxide microarrays cannot react with YBCO films.     

YBCO超导体中化学键与电子结构

本文用半经验CNDO/2量子化学计算方法,对YBCO的结构单元及晶胞作了计算,结果指出:1.采用簇模型不能较好地反映YBCO晶体性质。2.YBCO中Cu(2)的氧化态为( 2),Cu(1)的氧化态为( 1.5),Cu(1)也可能是在( 2)与( 1)两个氧化态之间共振。3.铜的电子组态分别为Cu(2)(d_(xy)~2d_(x2)~2d_(yz)~2d_(x~2-y~2)~1d_z~(2_2)),Cu(1)(d_(xy)~2d_(xz)~2]d_(yz)~2d_(x~2-y~2)~2d_(z~2)~1)。这种组态是YBCO形成层状氧缺位结构的主要原因。4.超交换作用在YBCO中普遍存在,但铜-氧面间这种作用最大,超导电流在其间进行最为有利。5.Y,Ba在YBCO中的主要作用是促成Cu(d_(xy))与O(P)形成最高占领杂化带。     

Addition of nanoparticle dispersions to enhance flux pinning of the YBa2Cu3O7-x superconductor

Following the discovery of type-II high-temperature superconductors in 1986 (refs 1, 2), work has proceeded to develop these materials for power applications. One of the problems, however, has been that magnetic flux is not completely expelled, but rather is contained within magnetic fluxons, whose motion prevents larger supercurrents. It is known that the critical current of these materials can be enhanced by incorporating a high density of extended defects to act as pinning centres for the fluxons. YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO or 123) is the most promising material for such applications at higher temperatures (liquid nitrogen). Pinning is optimized when the size of the defects approaches the superconducting coherence length ( approximately 2-4 nm for YBCO at temperatures < or =77 K) and when the areal number density of defects is of the order of (H/2) x 10(11) cm(-2), where H is the applied magnetic field in tesla. Such a high density has been difficult to achieve by material-processing methods that maintain a nanosize defect, except through irradiation. Here we report a method for achieving a dispersion of approximately 8-nm-sized nanoparticles in YBCO with a high number density, which increases the critical current (at 77 K) by a factor of two to three for high magnetic fields.     

Bose-Einstein condensation of excitons in bilayer electron systems

An exciton is the particle-like entity that forms when an electron is bound to a positively charged 'hole'. An ordered electronic state in which excitons condense into a single quantum state was proposed as a theoretical possibility many years ago. We review recent studies of semiconductor bilayer systems that provide clear evidence for this phenomenon and explain why exciton condensation in the quantum Hall regime, where these experiments were performed, is as likely to occur in electron-electron bilayers as in electron-hole bilayers. In current quantum Hall excitonic condensates, disorder induces mobile vortices that flow in response to a supercurrent and limit the extremely large bilayer counterflow conductivity.     

Second generation YBCO coated conductors： A review

The advance in first generation Bi-2223 HTS wire has enabled the demonstration of superconducting power cables, magnetic energy-storage devices, transformers,fault current limiters and motors. However, the low irreversibility field (H^*) prevents application of Bi-2223 at 77 Kin any significant field. Worldwide activities are therefore,focused on developing a second-generation HTS technology based on YBCO, for which H^* (77K)-7 T. In this paper, we discuss the status and commercial prospects of second generation HTS wire technologies. In addition, we review the recent results and discuss the prospects of future applications.     

Nanoengineering of Flux Pinning Sites in High-Tc Superconductors

Volume pinning forces were determined for a variety of bulk high-Tc superconductors of the 123-type from magnetization measurements. By means of scaling of the pinning forces, the acting pinning mechanisms in various temperature ranges were identified. The Nd-based superconductors and some YBCO crystals exhibited a dominating pinning of the δTc-type (i.e. , small, superconducting pinning sites). In contrast to this, the addition of insulating 211 particles provided pinning of the δ/-type; providing effective pinning in the entire temperature range acting as a "background" pinning mechanism for the peak effect. Due to the small coherence lengths of the high-Tc compounds, effective pinning sites are defects or particles of nanometer size relative to ζ3. Integral magnetic measurements of the magnetization as a function of temperature in large applied magnetic fields (up to 7 T) revealed that practically all high-Tc compounds were spatially inhomogeneous, which could be caused by oxygen deficiency (YBCO)     

钙钛矿La2/3Pb1/3MnO3外延膜的制备及磁性

利用磁控溅射法在单晶LaAlO3(100)衬底上成功地外延生长了La2/3Pb1/3MnO3薄膜.用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和超导量子干涉仪、直流四探针法对其进行了表征.结果表明,薄膜为赝立方钙钛矿结构,晶格常数为3.861 nm,晶格失配度为2.1%,具有良好的单晶外延结构和较光滑的表面,且薄膜中晶粒的生长模式是"柱状"模式.居里温度为325 K,在居里温度附近,发生铁磁-顺磁转变.此材料呈现出一种典型的自旋玻璃特性.是由于应力造成的.在1.OT磁场下,其磁电阻为23.4%.     

外延Pb-Zr-Ti-O/Y-Ba-Cu-O异质结的制备研究

应用磁控溅射法在SrTiO3(STO)单晶基片上原位制备了Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/YBaCu3O7(PZT/YB-CO)异质结,X射线衍射、透射电镜和选区电子衍射结果表明PZT/YBCO为外延生长,磁化率的测量结果表明YBCO的超导转变温度接近90 K,外延铁电体/超导体异质结的制备为进一步研究铁电性、超导性以及铁电体/超导体复合器件奠定了基础.     

单温区管式炉气相输运生长NbSe_2超导单晶

化学气相输运(CVT)生长单晶通常采用双温区管式炉。利用普通单温区管式炉中的温度梯度实现了化学气相输运,并成功生长出了Nb Se2单晶。运用扫描电子显微镜,X射线衍射仪等方法对制备的Nb Se2单晶进行了形貌和结构的表征,并测量了低温下Nb Se2单晶的磁化率和电阻性质。结果表明,实验上生长出来的Nb Se2单晶具有金属光泽,晶体尺寸约为2 mm×2 mm,超导转变温度和转变宽度分别为7.1 K和0.3 K,超导体积分数约为79%。因此,单温区管式炉生长晶体的方法也可用于其他功能材料单晶的制备。     

基于介观持续电流与超导电流的讨论

介绍一维介观金属环中持续电流与常规超导体中的超导电流产生机制,运用简单的理论模型,推导了一维介观金属环中持续电流的表达式,并对介观持续电流和超导电流进行了讨论比较,明确其不同的物理根源。     

Magnetic-field-induced superconductivity in a two-dimensional organic conductor

The application of a sufficiently strong magnetic field to a superconductor will, in general, destroy the superconducting state. Two mechanisms are responsible for this. The first is the Zeeman effect, which breaks apart the paired electrons if they are in a spin-singlet (but not a spin-triplet) state. The second is the so-called 'orbital' effect, whereby the vortices penetrate into the superconductors and the energy gain due to the formation of the paired electrons is lost. For the case of layered, two-dimensional superconductors, such as the high-Tc copper oxides, the orbital effect is reduced when the applied magnetic field is parallel to the conducting layers. Here we report resistance and magnetic-torque experiments on single crystals of the quasi-two-dimensional organic conductor lambda-(BETS)2FeCl4, where BETS is bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene. We find that for magnetic fields applied exactly parallel to the conducting layers of the crystals, superconductivity is induced for fields above 17 T at a temperature of 0.1 K. The resulting phase diagram indicates that the transition temperature increases with magnetic field, that is, the superconducting state is further stabilized with magnetic field.