A novel element (NIRS) participates in the regulation ofinterleukin 2 receptorαgene expression

A novel element at -153/- 143 bp in the interleukin 2 receptor α(IL-2Rα) gene has been coined as NRE-inverse repeat sequence (NIRS) due to its inversely repeated to the known negative regulatory element (NRE) further upstream of the gene. In order to explore the role of NIRS in the expression of IL-2Rαgene,luciferase reporter plasmids driven by 4 individually deleted IL-2Rα genes promoter regions were constructed. Transfection of the reporter plasmids into Jurkat cells and HeLa cells respectively, we found that both NIRS and NRE were critical for repressing the constitutive expression of IL-2Rα gene and were also necessary for promoter activity induced by PHA. EMSA results showed that double-stranded NRE- and NIRS-binding proteins existed in both HeLa cells and Jurkat cells. However, single-stranded NIRS- and NRE-binding protein was only found in HeLa cells. Interestingly, the supershift band showed up in EMSA system with Jurkat cells (no matter whether activated or not) adding to the cell lysate of HeLa cells. UV-crosslinking showed a double stranded NRE- and NIRS-binding protein p83 in both Jurkat cells and HeLa cells. Our results suggest that trans-acting factors play a key role in regulating promoter activity of IL-2Rα gene by interacting with double or single stranded NRE and/or NIRS selectively in different cells.     

Behavior of Non-metallic Inclusions in Centrifugal Induction Electroslag Castings

In order to know the behavior of non-metallic inclusions in centrifugal induction electroslag castings (CIESC), non-metallic inclusions in 5CrMnMo and 4Cr5MoSiV1 were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. The largest size of inclusions in the casting and the thermodynamic possibility of TiN precipitation in steel were also calculated. The results show that sulfide inclusions are evenly distributed and the content is low. The amount of oxide inclusions in CIESC: 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel is close to the ESR steel and lower than that in the EAF steel, and there are some differences along radial direction. Nitride inclusions are fine and the diameter of the largest one is 3-4 μm. With the increase of the centrifugal machine's rotational speed, the ratio of round inclusions increases and the ratio of sharp inclusions decreases. According to the experiment and the calculation results, it is pointed out that the largest diameter of non-metallic inclusions in the CIESC 4Cr5MoSiV1 casting is only 6.6 mum, and [N%][Ti%] in 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel should be controlled less than 4.4×10-5 in order to further reduce the amount and size of TiN inclusions.     

Improvement of microstructure and corrosion properties of friction stir welded AA5754 by adding Zn interlayer

This study investigated the effect of Zn foil layers on the microstructure and corrosion characteristics of friction stir welded aluminum alloy 5754. Samples of various joints were prepared by applying different rotational and welding speeds, and their microstructures were evaluated via a metallographic technique and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy elemental analysis. The anticorrosion behavior of joints in the absence and presence of a Zn interlayer was studied by cyclic potentiodynamic polarization test in 3.5wt% NaCl aqueous solution, and sound welds were obtained in the presence of the Zn interlayer foil. The results revealed that the joint made at a rotational speed of 800 r/min and traveling speed of 15 mm/min achieved a chemical composition identical to that of aluminum alloy 7xxx series, and as such, it showed the best resistance to corrosion.     

Promoted Cytocompatibility of Silk Fibroin Fiber Vascular Graft through Chemical Grafting with Bioactive Molecules

Natural silk from Bombyx mori has been used as medical sutures for several decades,and regenerated silk fibroin( RSF)based biomaterials have been increasingly studied in the past thirty years. However,vascular graft derived from silk fibroin fiber has been explored in recent several years with development of textile science and engineering. Moreover,endothelialization of vascular graft has been seen as an ideal strategy for preventing thrombosis and getting higher patency in a long term. Therefore,in the present work silk fibroin fiber vascular graft( SF) was chemically grafted with bioactive molecules such as heparin and RSF to improve the cytocompatibility. 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane(APTES),1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiie hydrochlide( EDC · HCl),and N-hydroxysuccinimide( NHS) have been employed as coupling agent and crosslinking agents,respectively. Microscopy and ATRFTIR were used to characterize the surface changes and the structure of the grafts after treatment,respectively. Cell culture in vitro and MTT assay were conducted to determine the improvement of cell affinity to the graft. Furthermore,mechanical properties of the grafts before and after treatment were compared. The results showed that the chemical grafting was an effective method for improving the cytocompatibility of SF without significant loss of mechanical properties.     

Cavitation erosion behavior of WC coatings on CrNiMo stainless steel by laser alloying

The WC powder was precoated on the surface of CrNiMo stainless steel and then made into an alloying layer by using the laser alloying technique. Phases in the layers were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and surface morphologies after cavitation erosion were observed with the help of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cavitation erosion behavior of the CrNiMo stainless steel and WC laser alloying layer in distilled water was tested with the help of ultrasonic vibration cavitation erosion equipment. The results showed that the thickness of the laser alloying layer was about 0.13 mm. The layer had a dense microstructure, metallurgically bonded to the substrate, and no crack had been found. The cavitation erosion mass loss rate of the laser alloying layer was only 2/5 that of the CrNiMo stainless steel. The layer had better cavitation resistance properties because of its metallurgical combination and the strengthening effects of the precipitate phases.     

Electroplating of Ni/Co–pumice multilayer nanocomposite coatings: Effect of current density on crystal texture transformations and corrosion behavior

The present paper aims to investigate the influence of the current density in the electroplating process on the microstructure, crystal texture transformations, and corrosion behavior of Ni/Co-pumice multilayer nanocomposite coatings. The Ni/Co-pumice composite coatings were prepared by deposition of Ni, followed by the simultaneous deposition of pumice nanoparticles (NPs) in a Co matrix via an electroplating process at various current densities. Afterward, the morphology, size, topography, and crystal texture of the obtained samples were investigated. Furthermore, electrochemical methods were used to investigate the corrosion behavior of the produced coatings in a solution of 3.5wt% NaCl. The results indicated that increasing the plating current density changed the mechanism of coating growth from the cell state to the column state, increased the coating thickness, roughness, and texture coefficient (TC) of the Co (203) plane, and reduced the amount of pumice NPs incorporated into the Ni/Co-pumice composite. The electrochemical results also indicated that increasing the current density enhanced the corrosion resistance of the Ni/Co-pumice composite.     

Effect of Woven Structure and Ratios of Warp and Weft Density on Water Permeability and Thickness of Woven Polyimide Vascular Grafts

Textile vascular grafts are often used to treat the cardiovascular diseases. Scholars continue to search for new materials for the development of vascular grafts with excellent properties, polyimide(PI) fiber is a material suitable for making vascular grafts with high strength, radiation resistance and stable property, as well as non-cytotoxic and satisfying blood compatibility. This study investigated the tensile strength and hydrolytic degradation properties of PI, polyester(PET) and nylon(PA). The results suggested that the PI is suitable for preparing vascular grafts. And influences of different weaves and ratios of warp and weft density on the water permeability, thickness and porosity of PI vascular grafts were analyzed. Vascular grafts with six weaves and two ratios of warp and weft density were designed and prepared. The surface morphology, permeability and thickness were characterized to optimize the structure of the vascular grafts. The results showed that the wall thickness of all the samples is less than 100 μm except for the sample with the ratio 2∶3 and 1/3 twill pattern. Permeability is mainly determined by the weave and the ratio of warp and weft density. The samples in plain weave have the lowest water permeability compared with other samples.     

Genetic insight of the H5N1 hemagglutinin cleavage site

The cleavability of the hemagglutinin (HA) plays a major role in virulence of avian influenza viruses. Detailed analyses of the cleavage sequences and their evolution would give insights into the high pathogenicity of the H5N1 virus. HA segments were visually identifiable in the cellular automata (CA) image, and a feature gene segment (FGS) was only found in H5N1 rather than any other subtype. This FGS is a 30-bp gene segment mainly consisting of ‘A’ and ‘G’. When translated into amino acids the FGS converted into a sequence of mainly basic amino acids with positive charges. This feature amino acid segment (FAAS) was located in the cleavage site loop of HA which was potentially cleavable by various proteases. The 3D structure of H5N1 HA was reconstructed using homology modelling. It was found that the cleavage site loop was well exposed to potential proteases. The molecular surfaces were reconstructed to study how mutation and deletion of some amino acids in the FAAS affected the charge distribution. It was found that some mutations had severely changed the landscape of the charge dis- tribution. Statistical analyses of FAAS were made with respect to when and where the H5N1 viruses were found. In 2005, there were less un-mutated FAAS than the other years according to temporal evolution, and more mutated FAAS appeared in China than other regions according to geographic dis- tribution. These results are helpful for exploring the evolution of virus high pathogenicity.     

Thickness-related synchronous increase in strength and ductility of ultrafine-grained pure aluminum sheets

To explore the specimen size effect of mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained (UFG) materials with different structures, UFG Al sheets processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) were selected as target materials and the dependency of tensile behavior on sheet thickness (t) was systematically investigated. The strength and ductility of ECAPed UFG Al sheets were improved synchronously as t increased from 0.2 to 0.7 mm, and then no apparent change occurred when t reached to 0.7 and 1.0 mm. The corresponding microstructure evolved from dislocation networks in equiaxed grains into the walls and subgrains and finally into the dominated cells in elongated grains or subgrains. Meanwhile, dense shear lines (SLs) and shear bands (SBs) were clearly observed and microvoids and cracks were initiated along SBs with the increase of t. These observations indicated that the plastic deformation of UFG Al sheets was jointly controlled by shear banding, dislocation sliding, and grain-boundary sliding. Furthermore, the propagation of SBs became difficult as t increased. Finally, the obtained results were discussed and compared with those of annealed UFG Al and UFG Cu.     

Chemical,mechanical, and thermal expansion properties of a carbon nanotube-reinforced aluminum nanocomposite

In the present study, the chemical and mechanical properties and the thermal expansion of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based crystalline nano-aluminum (nano Al) composite were reported. The properties of nanocomposites were tailored by incorporating CNTs into the nano Al matrix using a physical mixing method. The elastic moduli and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the nanocomposites were also estimated to understand the effects of CNT reinforcement in the Al matrix. Microstructural characterization of the nanocomposite reveals that the CNTs are dispersed and embedded in the Al matrix. The experimental results indicate that the incorporation of CNTs into the nano Al matrix results in the increase in hardness and elastic modulus along with a concomitant decrease in the coefficient of thermal expansion. The hardness and elastic modulus of the nanocomposite increase by 21% and 20%, respectively, upon CNT addition. The CTE of CNT/Al nanocomposite decreases to 70% compared with that of nano Al.     

跑台运动通过增强星形胶质细胞Glu的摄取转运功能改善PD模型大鼠运动功能

本文选取雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组:假手术组(Control)、假手术运动组(Control+Ex)、PD组(PD)和PD运动组(PD+Ex).于大鼠内侧前脑束注射6-羟基多巴(6-OHDA)建立单侧损伤PD模型,术后24h实施运动干预.在手术后第1周、第2周和第4周皮下注射阿朴吗啡(APO)评价PD模型可靠性.4周训练结束后进行圆筒与网格行为学测试,并利用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)检测纹状体Glu浓度;采用免疫组织化学技术观察纹状体GFAP和GLT-1的表达水平.APO旋转行为测试和圆筒及网格行为测试结果显示,PD+Ex组大鼠行为功能较PD组显著改善(P0.05).PD+Ex组大鼠较PD组纹状体Glu浓度下降(P0.01),GLT-1表达显著上调,而GFAP的表达显著下调(P0.05).4周跑台运动干预可加速星形胶质细胞对Glu的摄取转运能力,降低纹状体Glu浓度,改善PD模型大鼠行为功能障碍.推测运动促进PD模型大鼠皮层-纹状体Glu能通路的突触可塑性可能也与星形胶质细胞对Glu的摄取转运功能有关.     

快速老化小鼠SAM-P/8出现类帕金森病现象初探

目的探讨快速老化小鼠SAM-P/8的同向旋转现象与帕金森病动物模型的相关性。方法取发作旋转行为的7月龄雄性SAM-P/8和同源对照SAM-R/1小鼠各6只,分为旋转组和正常对照组两组,首先采用老化度评价标准对其老化度进行评定,其次根据帕金森病动物模型造模标准对其旋转行为进行评定。结果同月龄SAM-P/8的老化度高于SAM-R/1;SAM-P/8出现可重复的同向右侧旋转,频率为60 r/min,符合帕金森病动物模型造模成功的标准,SAM-R/1无旋转现象出现。结论初步认定SAM-P/8的同向旋转现象为类帕金森病现象,对帕金森病研究有重要意义。     

鸡胚早期发育中组织者的起源及其诱导能力

本研究利用活性荧光染料ＤｉＩ，对鸡胚的期和期胚盘进行标记，以确定组织者的部位。并将组织者区域的细胞移植到宿主胚胎中，验证其诱导次级胚胎的能力。结果表明，期、期胚盘的组织者细胞位于胚盘中轴的后端，其细胞的性质已被决定，能够诱导次级胚胎的发育，本研究结果支持原条的发育与组织者细胞性质不是受下胚层诱导的观点。     

DiI荧光标记的软骨细胞与支架材料复合后的观察

目的:通过Dil荧光染料标记观察软骨细胞在聚乳酸/乙醇酸共聚物支架(PLGA)体外和体内培养环境中的生长状态,为研究组织工程化软骨探索一种理想的软骨细胞示踪方法.方法:体外分离培养大鼠剑突软骨细胞,应用DiI标记软骨细胞,通过MTT法测定细胞的增殖活性.DiI荧光标记的软骨细胞种植于PLGA支架上分两组:一组体外培养1周,另一组体外培养1周后,再植入同系大鼠大网膜体内培养1周.分别取出细胞一支架复合物,在荧光显微镜下观察体外和体内条件下软骨细胞的荧光表达情况.结果:应用DiI标记不影响软骨细胞的增殖,MTT测定结果显示标记组和对照组的A值未见显著性差异(P>0.05).标记后的软骨细胞显示环状红色荧光,胞核未着色.体外培养和体内培养的软骨细胞一支架复合物,均可在荧光显微镜下观察到红色荧光表达.结论:DiI荧光染料能够有效标记软骨细胞,标记的细胞一支架复合物可直接在荧光显微镜下进行观察,可作为体外和体内构建组织工程软骨的较好的示踪方法.     

神经营养因子NT-3神经干细胞移植对帕金森病大鼠功能修复研究

为了研究神经干细胞和神经营养因子NT-3对帕金森病(PD)的修复作用,将NT-3表达载体pEGFP-C1-NT3转染大鼠原代神经干细胞(NSCs),构建了NSCs-NT3细胞.移植入帕金森病模型大鼠脑部MFB和VTA区域,观察到移植细胞在大鼠移植部位生长与迁移,证实移植成功.对移植后疾病模型进行APO旋转实验和水迷宫行为检测,结果表明,NT-3有利于学习与记忆能力改善,分子水平证实移植区域NT-3显著表达.本研究通过移植过表达NT-3的神经干细胞,从分子、细胞、组织和个体行为等不同层面证实了NSCs-NT3对PD模型大鼠修复的积极作用,为PD的转基因神经干细胞移植治疗研究提供了理论与实践依据.     

脑内移植NGF诱导的PC-12细胞治疗大鼠帕金森病的研究

实验利用SD大鼠复制6-羟多巴胺(6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)完全损伤型帕金森动物模型,将神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)处理后的肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤细胞(plleoclxromocytoma cells,PC-12)移植人模型大鼠纹状体内,观察模型动物行为改善和移植PC-12细胞的存活情况.经行为学检测,6-OHDA动物模型复制成功率达55.1%.免疫组织化学、蛋白印迹检测结果显示模型动物黑质多巴胺能神经元数目减少,黑质酪氨酸羟化酶含量降低证明模型动物稳定、可靠.PC-12细胞经NGF(50 μg/L)连续诱导7 d,细胞逐渐平展、细胞膜变皱褶等神经元形态学特征出现后,于纹状体内行细胞移植术,经阿普吗啡(apomorphine,APO)诱导旋转行为有明显改善,蛋白印迹检测也发现移植侧具有显著的酪氨酸羟化酶免疫阳性信号.因此,NGF诱导后的PC-12细胞可以作为治疗帕金森的一种细胞供体.     

嗅神经鞘细胞移植恢复大鼠损伤脊髓的功能

为探讨嗅神经鞘细胞移植恢复大鼠损伤脊髓的功能 ,将成年大鼠分为脊髓半切洞损伤组 (A组 )和脊髓半切洞损伤 嗅神经鞘细胞移植组 (B)组 ,手术后应用联合行为评分 (CBS)感觉诱发电位 (SEP)和运动诱发电位 (MEP)检查 ,测定脊髓功能恢复情况 .结果 2组CBS得分 ,A组 >B组 ,SEP和MEP潜峰时均A组 >B组 ,统计学分析均有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 ) .表明移植嗅神经鞘细胞能恢复损伤脊髓的功能     

α-Synuclein蛋白过表达对小鼠纹状体的影响

 帕金森病是世界第二大老年神经退行性疾病,致病机理极为复杂。α-synuclein（α-syn）是帕金森病主要病理特征的路易小体的主要组成成分,其突变基因α-syn A30P 也与部分家族性帕金森相关。通过对过表达野生型人源α-syn WT 及其突变体α-syn A30P 蛋白的转基因小鼠的行为学检验、脑部纹状体中氧化应激水平以及儿茶酚胺异喹啉物质水平的检测,研究过表达α-syn 蛋白对小鼠纹状体产生的影响。结果显示转基因小鼠模型与正常鼠相比,其协调能力明显下降,纹状体与全脑的比例显著降低。同时,模型鼠脑中的氧化应激水平与儿茶酚胺异喹啉物质的表达水平均显著升高。研究结果说明,α-syn 蛋白及其突变体的过表达会引起小鼠脑部纹状体中氧化应激水平与儿茶酚异喹啉物质表达水平的升高,从而导致纹状体组织严重损伤。     

多巴胺D2受体PET成像在制备帕金森病大鼠模型中的作用

将23只帕金森病(PD)成功模型大鼠分别进行11C-Raclopride PET显像,ROI方法测量模型大鼠两侧纹状体/小脑比值并进行统计分析,比较两侧有无显著性差异。正常与模型大鼠分别进行TH免疫组化染色。结果表明,模型大鼠毁损侧纹状体放射性明显上升,两侧纹状体/小脑比值统计比较,p值为0.000,具有显著性差异;同时,模型大鼠TH染色黑质处阳性神经元数量减少。通过PET多巴胺D2受体成像在体显示PD模型大鼠毁损侧纹状体D2受体状态,再结合行为学观察可作为证实模型成功的标准之一,为基础研究和临床诊断PD提供了一种分子成像工具。     

5—（2’—羧基苯偶氮）绕丹宁类化合物分子结构与荧光性能关系的研究

本文研究了四种５—（２'—羧基苯偶氮）绕丹宁类化合物的荧光性能。探讨了各种环境因素对荧光性能的影响及分子结构与荧光性能的关系。发现在分子结构与荧光性能之间存在的某些内在关系。