液相还原法制备Pt胶体粒子

分别使用强还原剂硼氢化钠(NaBH4)和弱还原剂乙二醇,通过液相中还原氯铂酸(H2PtCl6)制备Pt胶体粒子,并考察了保护剂聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)对Pt胶体粒子形态的影响.制备中利用紫外可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱对还原过程进行监测.NaBH4在室温下即可还原PtCl62-为Pt0,而乙二醇作还原剂时,在110℃才开始发生还原.透射电镜(TEM)观察表明,NaBH4为还原剂时,随着PVP加入量的增加,Pt胶体粒径从2.6 nm减小到2.1 nm.乙二醇为还原剂时,加入PVP后制备的Pt胶体粒径为3.1 nm,未加PVP制备的Pt胶体粒径为3.7 nm.保护剂PVP对于Pt胶体粒子尺寸增长有一定的抑制作用.和NaBH4相比,乙二醇作还原剂时制备的Pt胶体粒子尺寸较大,并且呈规则的球形.     

兼具光学和磁学特性的FeAu合金纳米粒子的合成与表征

采用一罐polyol合成法,以油胺和油酸为表面活性剂,以醋酸金和乙酰丙酮合铁(Ⅲ)为金属前驱体,以1,2-十六烷基二醇为还原剂,成功制备了FeAu合金纳米粒子.通过紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和振动样品磁力计(VSM)对FeAu合金纳米粒子的结构和性能进行了研究,结果表明:该方法合成的FeAu合金纳米粒子平均粒径为5.6nm,粒径分布窄,室温下显示良好的光学和磁学特性,有望在光学、磁学、生物医药诸方面得到应用.     

不同制备因素对纳米金尺寸的影响

通过化学还原法制备出不同粒径的纳米金(GNPs).利用紫外-可见分光光度计(UVVis)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对GNPs的形貌及尺寸进行表征.讨论了还原剂种类、还原剂用量、保护剂等因素对GNPs形貌、粒径、稳定性和分散性的影响.结果表明:还原剂柠檬酸钠的用量直接影响GNPs的尺寸大小,但当柠檬酸钠用量超过3 mL时,制得GNPs的尺寸不再变化,以柠檬酸钠为还原剂制得GNPs粒径在13~50 nm之间,分散性好且尺寸较均匀,此时,保护剂PVP对大尺寸GNPs的制备影响不大;以硼氢化钠为还原剂,可制得GNPs粒径在2~3 nm之间,分散性好,此时保护剂PVP对于制备的影响较显著,但不影响GNPs的可控制备.     

适于标记核酸适配子胶体金的制备及性能

为了获得适于标记寡核苷酸适配子的胶体金,对制备工艺条件进行了优化:20 mL 0.1 g/L氯金酸溶液中添加10 g/L柠檬酸三钠500 μL,pH=3.0,初始沸腾时间小于4 min,加入还原剂后反应时间为6 min.通过紫外可见光谱扫描和透射电镜对其性能进行鉴定,获得了分散均匀、直径15～20 nm的胶体金颗粒,可准确标记核酸适配子,且将胶体金标记的链霉素适配子与半抗原小分子链霉素进行反应,可对链霉素进行定性和半定量检测,满足利用胶体金标记适配子检测靶物质的需要.     

制备特定尺寸的纳米金颗粒方法及性能表征

通过化学还原法制备出不同粒径的纳米金颗粒。利用紫外可见分光光度计和透射电子显微镜对纳米金颗粒的形貌及尺寸进行表征。讨论了还原剂种类、还原剂用量、试剂加入顺序、反应温度等因素对纳米金颗粒稳定性、粒径、形貌和分散性的影响。结果表明：Na3C6H5O7为还原剂制得纳米金颗粒粒径在15-20 nm之间,NaBH4为还原剂制得的...     

纳米银的制备与表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂,采用硼氢化钠还原硝酸银的方法制备纳米银.通过比较不同制备条件下得到的纳米银的紫外-可见吸收特性探究了硝酸银浓度、硼氢化钠浓度及PVP浓度对纳米银粒径的影响.采用电子透射电镜表征了纳米银的形貌.结果表明:AgNO_3浓度为0.02 mol/L、NaBH_4含量为0.03%及PVP含量为2%的实验条件下可制得分散均匀,平均粒径在10～15 nm之间的球形纳米银颗粒.     

唾液中HIV抗体快速检测诊断胶体金免疫层析试纸条的研制

制备一种适于早期HIV的大范围筛查使用的检测人唾液中抗HIV-1抗体的胶体金免疫层析试纸条.采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备直径为19nm的胶体金颗粒,标记HIV-1gp41抗原,制备胶体金免疫复合物,按常规组装成免疫层析检测试纸条.结果表明:阳性HIV患者唾液中的抗HIV抗体与测试条上金标记物结合后沿着硝酸纤维素膜移动,与膜上的固相抗原结合形成肉眼可见的红色圆点.胶体金颗粒粒径均一,胶体金免疫复合物性能稳定,特异性强,试纸条检测时间只需10～20min.制备的胶体金免疫层析试纸条检测唾液中HIV抗体,使用安全,简便快速,结果准确,适用于基层医疗单位使用和对大量人群的规模筛查等.     

还原剂对纳米金粒子大小及粒径分布的影响

探究了还原剂盐酸羟胺、硼氢化钠对于纳米金颗粒的形貌、粒径分布的影响,用紫外和透射电子显微镜（TEM）对还原得到的纳米金形貌和粒径进行了表征,并用对硝基苯酚转化为对氨基苯酚的模板反应评价了其催化性能.结果显示,单独以盐酸羟胺为还原剂时,在实验条件下不能将三价金还原为Au0;以盐酸羟胺、硼氢化钠依次为还原剂制备的纳米金基本呈球形,粒径较小,平均粒径为4.0 nm,粒径分布均匀、转化频率（TOF）高、催化效果最好.其中硼氢化钠不仅为盐酸羟胺提供了碱性环境,同时起到了一定的还原作用.     

以三苯基膦为保护剂制备纳米金溶胶

以三苯基膦(PPh3)为保护剂,采用水相化学还原法制备了纳米金溶胶.利用紫外可见分光光度计和透射电子显微镜对纳米金颗粒的尺寸及形貌进行表征.讨论了还原剂种类与用量、保护剂用量与加入方式、金粒子浓度、溶液pH值等因素对纳米金颗粒粒径、形貌和分散性的影响.结果表明:采用硼氢化钠为还原剂时,PPh3与金质量比为0.02∶1,溶液pH值为7,制得纳米金粒子平均粒径为4~5nm.采用柠檬酸钠为还原剂时,PPh3与金质量比为0.04∶1,柠檬酸钠与金质量比为10∶1,溶液pH=3~4,制得金粒子平均粒径为13~15nm.采用草酸为还原剂时,PPh3与金质量比为0.08∶1,草酸与金质量比为3∶1,金前驱液pH值为6,制得金粒子平均粒径为23~25nm.加入保护剂后,粒子的分散性增强,形状不规则粒子增多.     

淀粉保护的银纳米粒子的合成及表征

用液相过程制备纳米银粒子.制备过程中淀粉作保护剂、柠檬酸钠作还原剂,得到了Ag纳米粒子.利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和紫外-可见吸收（UV-Vis）光谱,对Ag纳米粒子的形貌、粒度及其分布进行了性能表征,结果表明：在所选择的实验条件下制备了形貌呈球形,颗粒分散较为均匀,粒度分布集中,且粒径大约在20 nm左右的银纳米粒子;并讨论了淀粉在一定的浓度范围内能有效地防止纳米银颗粒的团聚,其保护作用显著.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-