烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

溶剂乙醇对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响

作为一种提取生物活性成分的常用有机溶剂,乙醇是药物筛选中溶解水溶性较差样品的候选助溶剂。本文研究了不同浓度乙醇对斑马鱼胚胎存活、循环系统发育、血管生成等的影响,为其作为溶剂在斑马鱼模型抗血管生成药物筛选中的应用提供参考。结果显示,0.01%乙醇不会造成胚胎的死亡和仔鱼循环系统畸形,0.1%乙醇引起仔鱼心囊水肿,乙醇浓度达到1%时出现胚胎死亡。低于或等于1%乙醇对仔鱼体节间血管生成无抑制作用。以上结果表明,浓度低于或等于0.01%的乙醇不会影响对被筛样品抗血管生成活性和毒性的评价。     

Application and Development of Biomass Fuels for Transportation in China

Biomass fuels have become a big concern due to the large increase in green house gases and the rapid rise of petroleum prices around the world. This paper reviews recent developments in biomass fuels, such as ethanol and biodiesel, in China. Ethanol-gasoline mixture (E10) for vehicles is currently distributed in nine provinces while biodiesel is under development. One way to extend the application of ethanol is to burn it in diesel engines to lower soot emissions. The effects of the different methods blending ethanol with fossil diesel, and blending biodiesel with fossil diesel and ethanol-diesel on the combustion and emissions are investigated. The test results show that ethanol and biodiesel can be mixed with fossil diesel to greatly reduce particulate matter and soot emissions from diesel engines. But the application of ethanol blending with fossil diesel is more difficult than that of ethanol blending with gasoline, and biodiesel blending with fossil diesel. The dual-fuel injection of ethanol and diesel systems has the highest smoke reduction effect for a high ethanol fraction.     

黄芩中黄芩甙的提取工艺研究

用不同浓度的乙醇水溶液对黄芩进行回流提取，以浸青的出青率和黄芩甙的得率及含量为综合考察指标，确定乙醇的最佳提取浓度，并与水煮醇沉法比较．结果表明用50％的乙醇提取效果最好，黄芩甙的得率可达8．72％，含量达94．0％；且醇提法普遍优于水煮醇沉法．     

乙醇水蒸气重整制氢反应条件的优化

对不同反应条件下乙醇水蒸气重整反应系统平衡的物质分布进行了热力学计算。结果表明:低压有利于乙醇水蒸气重整主反应的进行;在n(水)∶n(乙醇)=8∶1条件下,温度越高乙醇的转化率越高,氢的含量也越高;在900 K时,水醇比越高越有利于乙醇水蒸气重整反应向正方向进行。实验结果与热力学计算的产物分布曲线基本一致,进一步证明了热力学计算的正确性。     

Ethanol metabolism in calluses of several selected plant species on two typical plant-growth-regulator balanced media

For investigation on the characteristics of ethanol metabolism in tissues of different plant species, calluses from eight selected plant species were cultured on medium supplemented with ethanol in tightly sealed culture flasks. Changes of the ethanol level were detected by gas chromatography. During the culture period, the calluses of tobacco, potato and petunia were, able to catabolize exogenous ethanol, resulting in the prominent decline of the ethanol level in the medium. The calluses of melon and peanut were also able to catabolize thanol but with lower efficiency. The other three calluses of carrot, soybean and rice did not catabolize ethanol but instead produced small to large amount of ethanol, resulting in the increase of the ethanol level in the media. It was also found that changing the balance between auxin and cytokinin could influence only the ethanol metabolism efficiency but could not change the metabolism patterns on ethanol of the cultured calluses. It can be concluded that, ethanol metabolism pattern of calluses in cultures is an innate physiological characteristic of the respective plant species. Foundation item: Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 950406) Biography: Yang Yue-sheng (1957-), male, Professor, research direction: plant physiology and plant cell engineering.     

乙醇-水溶液中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的自组装特性

为了研究乙醇-水混合溶液中表面活性剂的自组装特性对多孔无机材料模板法合成的作用,采用稳态荧光法测定了乙醇-水混合溶剂的组成变化对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)临界胶束浓度的影响．结果表明,随着乙醇含量的增加,临界胶束浓度值增大;CTAB在水中的临界胶束浓度值为0．000 9 mol／L,而在乙醇中为0．24 mol／L．进而利用耗散颗粒动力学模拟研究了CTAB在水及乙醇-水混合溶剂中聚集形态的转变过程,并利用分子动力学方法计算了CTAB尾基与溶剂分子间的相互作用能,结果表明,CTAB的疏水尾基与乙醇分子之间的相互作用强,因而CTAB在乙醇中不易形成胶束,这与测定的实验数据的规律性一致．     

乙醇柴油的研究现状

综述了乙醇柴油的研究现状 ,包括乙醇和柴油的相溶性及其影响因素 ,助溶剂的开发 ,乙醇柴油的主要物化性质和燃烧、排放性质的研究 .乙醇含量越低、柴油中芳烃和轻组分含量越高 ,温度越高 ,水含量越低 ,助溶剂表面活性越高 ,则乙醇与柴油的相溶性越好 ,同时乙醇柴油的溶水性也越好 .柴油中加入乙醇后腐蚀性稍有增大 ,十六烷值、闪点、黏度、低热值、初馏点均降低 ,其中闪点降到约 16℃ ,初馏点降到约 77℃ .烧乙醇柴油的发动机油耗率增大 ,能耗率减小 ,热效率提高 ;CO和碳烟及颗粒排放物明显降低     

乙醇-汽油燃料汽油机非常规污染物的排放特性

以90#无铅汽油为基础油，按照体积分数5％、10％、15％和20％的甲基叔丁基醚-汽油混合燃料中的氧含量，配制出相应氧含量的乙醇-汽油混合燃料．利用气相色谱技术，分析研究了电喷汽油机燃用不同掺混比乙醇-汽油混合燃料时的非常规排放特性，以及三效催化器对其的净化效率．研究结果表明，在不改变汽油机任何参数的情况下，随着乙醇掺混比的增大，苯的排放量明显降低，尤其当乙醇体积分数为9．826％时，最大降幅接近50％；同时对甲醛排放也有改善作用，但排气中的乙醛和未燃乙醇浓度却相应增加．三效催化器对苯和甲醛的净化效率较高，其中苯的平均净化效率为87％，催化后排气中未检测出甲醛，而对乙醛和乙醇的净化效率相对较低.     

快速诱导细胞凋亡方法探讨

[目的]利用流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡在基础研究、疾病诊断及预后预测及评价中具有重要的应用价值.补偿调节所需的单阳染色管的制备,是流式细胞术检测凋亡过程的一个重要步骤.探讨了快速诱导不同细胞系和原代细胞凋亡的方法,优化用于检测细胞凋亡的流式单阳染色管快速制备.[方法](1)分别用100 μmol/L H2O2、体积分数4％...     

厚朴不同提取工艺对小鼠镇痛作用的影响

为探讨厚朴60%,70%,95%乙醇热回流提取工艺对小鼠镇痛作用的影响,采用小鼠甩尾实验和热板实验测定厚朴提取液的镇痛作用.实验结果显示,厚朴提取物组1,2,3号均能延长小鼠的甩尾痛域和热板痛域(P<0.05或P<0.01),其中60%乙醇热回流提取组有强于70%乙醇热回流提取组和95%乙醇热回流提取组的趋势,3种厚朴提取物对小鼠有明显的镇痛作用,60%乙醇热回流提取组较优.