防治黄瓜枯萎病拮抗细菌的筛选

从蔬菜地和花圃土样中分离、筛选出对黄瓜枯萎病致病菌尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum(Schl.)Emend,snyd & Hans)有很强拮抗作用的细菌8株,抑菌圈直径从(18.01～32.56) mm,通过对黄瓜的胚根,幼苗以及在田间小区所进行的防效测定,这8株细菌混合培养液最高防效可达70.27%.     

蝴蝶兰根腐病及根际真菌的种类鉴定

2010 -2011年从福建省蝴蝶兰腐烂根部及周围介质中分离鉴定出8个属12种真菌,分别为:立枯丝核菌Rhizoctonia solani、茄病镰孢Fusarium solani、尖孢镰孢F.oxysporum、禾谷镰孢F.graminearum、康氏木霉Trichderma koningii:、长枝木霉T.longibrachiatum、哈茨木霉T.harzianum、盘多毛孢Pestalotia sp.、多主枝孢霉Cladosporium,herbarum、常现青霉Penicillium frequentans、拟青霉Penicilomyces sp.和匍枝根霉Rhizopus stolonifer.立枯丝核菌、茄病镰孢和尖孢镰孢为优势菌,分别占分离物总株数的26.19%、15.71%和10.95%.伤口接种实验表明,3种优势真菌均能侵染蝴蝶兰根系引起腐烂.     

棉花黄萎病拮抗菌的筛选及抑菌谱测定

采用稀释平板法,从健康棉花根部土壤中分离得到细菌、放线菌及真菌分离物1723个。通过室内平板筛选获得25株对棉花黄萎病菌具有强拮抗作用的细菌菌株。温室盆栽防治黄萎病实验结果表明：3株拮抗细菌在防治棉花黄萎病中表现较好的防病效果,其中868菌株的防治效果为67.3%,3个拮抗细菌对病原真菌棉花枯萎菌、立枯丝核菌、番茄叶霉病菌、大豆黑斑病菌、大麦条纹病菌、大豆疫霉有较强的抑制作用,抑菌谱较广。     

空心莲子草致病菌分离、鉴定及其致病效果研究

从自然发病的空心莲子草中分离出9 种菌株,经鉴定菌株B、D 分别为不同的链格孢菌,菌株C 为粉孢菌,菌株F 为尖孢镰刀菌,菌株G 为串珠镰刀菌,菌株E、I 为未知真菌,A、H 均为细菌.将分离得到的菌株接种到健康的空心莲子草上,结果表明,在供试的9 个菌株中,菌株F（尖孢镰刀菌）对空心莲子草有较强的抑制作用,其次为菌株B（链格孢菌）,接种9d 后的病情指数分别为46.69%和17.33%.     

松苗根际生防菌的研究

采用平皿稀释分离法,通过对320株湿地松根际细菌分离物的筛选,获得1株拮抗性强的细菌菌株;运用16S rDNA序列分析方法,对菌株进行了分子鉴定,结果为洋葱伯克霍尔德菌(Burkholderia cepacia)。以镰刀菌属(Fusarium)、丝核菌属(Rhizoctonia)、链格孢菌属(Alternaria)的真菌为病原菌,该菌株和生防菌株Pseudomonas fluorescens Q287、279、1M196、Pf5、HT51、Q3787、MVP14、FFL1R8共同对病原菌的平皿对峙试验,该菌株对立枯丝核菌、链格孢菌都有较强的拮抗作用,120 d盆栽测试得知,菌株P.fluorescens Q287最高保存率为77%,该菌株的最高保存率为62%,其拮抗效果和菌株Q287一样,均高于其他7个生防菌株,试验证明该菌株具有防治松苗猝倒病的潜力。     

魔芋软腐病拮抗菌的分离及抗性研究

从发病魔芋植株中分离筛选获得拮抗菌株B J-1,通过抑菌试验和抗菌粗蛋白提取物的制备,对该菌的拮抗作用做了初步研究,发现菌株B J-1具广谱抗菌活性,对软腐病原菌有较强的抗菌作用.     

一种新的党参根腐病害镰孢菌鉴定

为了明确一种新的党参根腐病害的发病症状、病原、致病性和优势病原种类,采用组织分离法进行了病原菌分离,并根据其培养性状、形态学和分子生物学特征进行鉴定。结果表明,该病害的病原为尖孢镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、茄病镰孢菌(Fusarium sonali)、三线镰孢菌(Fusarium tricinctum)和锐顶镰孢菌(Fusarium acuminatum),其中尖孢镰孢菌为优势种。室内致病性测试结果表明,4种镰孢菌均可引起党参根腐病害,其中尖孢镰孢菌的致病性最强。本研究为党参根腐病害的防治提供理论依据。     

10种蔬菜内生细菌的分离筛选

以抑制植物主要病害病原菌和内生防病相关酶活性为评价标准,从蔬菜作物体内分离筛选植物内生细菌资源。从苦瓜、丝瓜、空心菜、大豆等10种蔬菜体内分离到101株细菌,发现内生细菌在不同种类的蔬菜中出现的频率不同,其中丝瓜叶上的内生细菌数量最多,洋葱体内分离到的内生细菌数量最少。运用平板对峙法从中筛选出了对黄瓜枯萎病菌、番茄青枯病菌、水稻细条病菌、荔枝霜疫霉病菌等有较强拮抗作用的菌株,获得对以上4种病菌均有拮抗作用的内生细菌有41株,占总株数的40．6％。对101株细菌进行纤维素酶、蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性测定表明,同时具有3种酶活性的菌株有32株,占总菌数的31．7％。从中选出13株拮抗效果较好的内生细菌。经初步鉴定均属于芽孢杆菌属（Bacillus sp）。进一步对筛选获得的同时对以上4种病原菌均有拮抗作用,且具有纤维素酶、蛋白酶和几丁质酶活性的13号、14号、59号和82号菌株进行16SrDNA序列分析,表明4个菌株均为枯草芽孢杆菌（B．subtilis）或其近缘种。     

番茄灰霉菌拮抗细菌的筛选鉴定及评价

为分离鉴定一些对番茄灰霉菌具有拮抗作用且适合当地生境的生防细菌,以金华连续10年的番茄种植保护地土壤为材料,分离细菌,并以灰霉菌为靶标菌对其拮抗效果进行检验,对候选菌株进行格兰氏染色,将其16S rDNA序列与GenBank中已知标准菌株的16S rDNA序列比对,利用Neighbor-joining方法构建进化树,通过菌株发酵液灌根番茄后48 h,离体叶片挑战接种番茄灰霉菌,以及温室盆栽接种实验明确其防治效果.结果显示:分离获得5株疑似芽孢杆菌,其中1株(JH-2)对番茄灰霉病菌具有较高抗性,鉴定为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus sp.),与标准菌株AB735995.1解淀粉酶芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)聚于同一分支,同源性高达99%;菌株JH-2发酵液处理的番茄叶片病斑面积为对照处理的77%,防治效果为22.3%;菌株JH-2处理后对番茄灰霉的防治效果为38.9%.以上结果表明,解淀粉酶芽孢杆菌JH-2灌根后,可以触发番茄植株系统抗病性,增强植株免疫能力.     

玉米灰斑病拮抗链霉菌S3-5的筛选及鉴定

为筛选对灰斑病有高效拮抗作用的微生物,采集四川双流、平武以及云南文山州三地玉米种植田土壤,利用平板对峙实验筛选到对灰斑病病原菌玉蜀黍尾孢菌(Cercospora zeae-maydis TehonDaniels)菌丝生长有抑制作用的6株细菌和2株放线菌.放线菌S3-5的抑菌效果最好,其抑菌能力是可稳定遗传的性状;结合菌株形态学、生理生化特征以及16S rDNA序列同源性分析将S3-5鉴定为淡紫灰链霉菌(Streptomyces lavendulae).S3-5对玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢、立枯丝核菌、茄链格孢、核盘菌、胶孢炭疽菌、链格孢菌等常见植物病原真菌均有较好抑制作用,其生长的NaCl浓度耐受度为5%,最适生长温度为25~30℃,显示S3-5具有应用于田间抑制灰斑病发生的潜能.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that