Microstructures and mechanical properties of directionally solidified multi-element Nb-Si alloy

Nb-Si system in-situ composites with nominal composition of Nb-21Ti-16Si-7Cr-3Al-2Hf(mole fraction,%) were prepared by directional solidification technology in an optical floating zone furnace at the growth rates of 3,5,8 and 12 mm/h.The microstructures and mechanical properties were investigated as a function of the growth rate.The results show that the solidification microstructures consist of Nb solid solution(Nbss),α-Nb_5Si_3 andβ-Nb_5Si_3.Silicides with high aspect ratio grow continuously and straig...     

AZ31镁合金氩弧焊接接头组织与力学性能研究

钨极氩弧焊(TIG)为镁合金焊接中最常用的一种焊接方法。本文采用直流钨极氩弧焊对6.0 mm厚AZ31镁合金挤压板材进行了双面焊接实验。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机考察分析了焊接接头显微组织与力学性能。显微组织分析表明,AZ31镁合金直流TIG焊接头由母材、热影响区、焊缝区组成,焊缝组织呈现焊丝熔化后凝固组织;在母材热影响区与焊缝区之间坡口处形成过渡区,晶粒细小,为母材与焊丝的熔合区。采用AZ31焊丝焊接接头平均抗拉强度为241.0 MPa,延伸率为13.8%,分别达到了母材的86.0%和63.6%。焊接接头的断裂均位于热影响区,断口呈现韧脆混合断裂特征。     

镍基粉末高温合金枝晶间亚稳碳化物

对急冷凝固镍基高温合金松散粉末热等静压成型合金中亚稳碳化物及其相间反应进行了研究。随着热处理温度的升高,粉末中合金元素的分布逐渐均匀化,但枝晶间 MC 能在较高的温度下保持稳定,使 Ti 和 Zr 在该处仍有较高含量。原始粉末中枝晶间主要分布着块状和花状的 MC 型碳化物,在预热处理过程中粉末枝晶间块状碳化物分解,发生M23C6和 M6C 的析出反应,而花状碳化物的成分及形貌则保持相对稳定。成型合金残余枝晶间分布的碳化物主要由块状 M6C 和 MC 及花状 MC 组成,形变再结晶可以促进枝晶间碳化物的溶解。     

挤压态Mg-9Li-3Al-xSr镁合金的微观组织与力学性能

采用SEM、EDS、XRD、TEM和力学性能测试等手段研究了挤压态Mg-9Li-3Al-xSr(LA93-xSr,x=0,1.5,2.5,3.5wt%)镁合金的微观组织与力学性能,探讨了Sr含量对挤压态合金的微观组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:LA93-xSr镁合金包括α-Mg(hcp)和β-Li(bcc)两种基体相。Sr含量对挤压态合金的晶粒大小没有明显影响。随着Sr元素的加入,合金中形成Al4Sr新相,主要分布于α/β相界面,并沿挤压轴向呈流线分布。合金的强度随着Sr含量的增加呈现先增加后降低的趋势,合金的延伸率随着Sr含量的增加呈现逐渐降低的趋势。当Sr含量为2.5wt%时,挤压态Mg-9Li-3Al-2.5Sr(LAJ932)合金的抗拉强度达到最大值235.2MPa,屈服强度达到220.6MPa,延伸率为19.4%,合金呈现出良好的力学性能。挤压过程中,α-Mg相中发生形变诱发的晶粒细化,β-Li相中发生常规动态再结晶。     

Ni/Ti原子数比值对NiTiAlHf合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜、室温和高温压缩实验等方法研究了Ni/Ti值对Ni42+xTi50-xAl4Hf4(x=0～7)合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响.Ni42+xTi50-xAl4Hf4合金由NiTi基体和Ti2Ni相组成,随着Ni/Ti原子数比值的增加,Ti2Ni相的尺寸和数量急剧减少,析出强化效果减弱.室温时,随着Ni/Ti值的增加,NiTiAlHf合金的压缩屈服强度和显微硬度逐渐降低,塑性提高.高温下,当Ni/Ti<1时,Ti2Ni相的析出强化起主要作用,合金的屈服强度随Ni/Ti值增加而降低;当Ni/Ti>1时,Hf固溶强化作用的影响提高,并且Ti2Ni相趋于均匀弥散分布,使合金的屈服强度随Ni/Ti值增加而升高.在化学计量比(Ni/Ti=1)两侧,合金的屈服强度变化不对称.     

镍铬基K648合金α—Cr相析出的组织敏感性

研究了合金成分和热处理制度对K648合金组织中仪α-Cr相析出形态和力学性能的影响,并通过Thermo-calc软件计算了K648合金平衡相析出规律．计算结果表明合金中的析出相主要为α-Cr、γ^1相和M23c6碳化物．通过实际组织观察得出合金中α-cr相的析出形态对cr含量和热处理工艺制度极为敏感,具体表现为α-Cr相形态的多样性．力学性能测试进一步表明合金的室温拉伸性能、冲击性能均受α-Cr相形态和分布的影响,即合金性能表现出组织敏感性．     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of ZE10 magnesium alloy prepared by equal channel angular pressing

ZE10 magnesium alloy was subjected to equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) up to 12 passes in a die with an angle of 120° between the two channels at 250-300℃. An inhomogeneous microstructure of bimodal grains including fine grains of 1-2 μm as well as coarse grains of about 20μm was obtained after the initial 1-4 ECAP passes. The grain size became increasingly homogeneous with further ECAP processing and the grains were significantly refined to 1-2 ktm after 8 passes and further refined to 0.5-1 μm after 12 passes. The alloy's yield strength changed slightly but the ductility improved greatly initially up to 4-6 passes corresponding to the bimodal grain microstructure. And after the subsequent pressing of more than 8 passes, the tensile strength including yield strength improved while the elongation decreased gradually.     

MgZnCa合金的组织结构和力学性能分析

通过铜模吸铸法制备直径为3mm的Mg-Zn-Ca三元共晶合金,按成分比例配制的合金分别为Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg62Zn36Ca2、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、微机控制电子式万能试验机和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对MgZnCa合金的组织结构、力学性能和断口形貌进行研究.结果表明:Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26合金形成非晶相和晶体相共存的复合材料,Mg62Zn36Ca2形成纯晶体;其中强度最高、塑性最好的是Mg14Zn22Ca64,其强度和塑性应变分别为548MPa和0.9%;对于该合金系,强度随结晶度降低而升高;压缩断口形貌显示,Mg72Zn15Ca13、Mg62Zn36Ca2、Mg14Zn22Ca64和Mg26Zn48Ca26合金均为脆性断裂.     

New approach for assessing the weldability of precipitation-strengthened nickel-base superalloys

A new procedure was proposed for evaluating the weldability of nickel-base superalloys. The theory is on the basis of two microstructural patterns. In pattern I, the weld microstructure exhibits severe alloying segregation, many low-melting eutectic structures, and low weldability. The weld requires a weaker etchant and a shorter time for etching. In pattern II, the weld microstructure displays less alloying segregation, low quantity of eutectic structures, and high weldability. The weld needs a stronger etchant and a longer time for etching. Five superalloys containing different amounts of Nb and Ti were designed to verify the patterns. After welding operations, the welds were etched by four etchants with different corrosivities. The weldability was determined by TG-DSC measurements. The metallography and weldability results confirmed the theoretic patterns. Finally, the etchant corrosivity and etching time were proposed as new criteria to evaluate the weldability of nickel-base superalloys.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of （Ti,AI,Zr）N/（Ti,AI,Zr,Cr）N films on cemented carbide substrates

（Ti,Al,Zr）N/（Ti,Al,Zr,Cr）N bilayer films were deposited on cemented carbide （WC-8%Co） substrates by multi-arc ion plating （MAIP） using two Ti-AI-Zr alloy targets and one pure Cr target. To investigate the composition, morphology, and crystalline structure of the bilayer films, a number of complementary methods of elemental and structural analysis were used, namely, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy （EDS）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Adhesive strength and mechanical properties of the films were evaluated by scratch testing and Vickers microindentation, respectively. It is shown that the resulting films have a TiN-type face-centered cubic （FCC） structure. The films exhibit fully dense, uniform, and columnar morphology. Furthermore, as the bias voltages vary from -50 to -200 V, the microhardness （max. Hv001 4100） and adhesive strength （max. 〉 200 N） of the bilayer films are superior to those of the （Ti,Al,Zr）N and （Ti,Al,Zr, Cr）N monolayer films.     

Effect of boron addition on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties of directionally solidified superalloys

This study is focused on the effect of boron addition, in the range of 0.0007wt% to 0.03wt%, on the microstructure and stress-rupture properties of a directionally solidified superalloy. With increasing boron content in the as-cast alloys, there is an increase in the fraction of the γ′/γ eutectic and block borides precipitate around the γ′/γ eutectic. At a high boron content of 0.03wt%, there is precipitation of lamellar borides. Upon heat treatment, fine block borides tend to precipitate at grain boundaries with increasing boron content. Overall, the rupture life of the directionally solidified superalloy is significantly improved with the addition of nominal content of boron. However, the rupture life decreases when the boron content exceeds 0.03wt%.     

Deformation behavior and creep properties of Co-Al-W-based superalloys: A review

Co-Al-W-based superalloys may become a next generation of high-temperature structural materials used in the hot-section of gas turbine because of the discovery of γ’-strengthening mechanism. The current understanding of deformation behavior and creep properties of Co-Al-W-based superalloys is reviewed in this study. It is found that the Co-Al-W-based superalloys have strong anomalous yield stress behavior and better creep properties, making it as an attractive candidate for high-temperature stru...     

一种超高强度钢组织性能的研究

通过力学测试、金相、扫描电镜观察等方法研究了不同淬火温度下一种淬火 低温回火超高强度钢的组织性能,系统的探讨了未溶相与淬火温度的关系。结果表明：钢采用低于950℃的淬火温度,组织中存在大量未溶碳化物,当温度高于1010℃时,未溶碳化物基本溶解,马氏体板条束明显粗化,对钢的力学性能有害,适宜的淬火温度为1010℃。     

Ho对AZ91镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射和拉伸试验等方法对稀土钬(Ho)改性Mg-9Al-1Zn (AZ91)镁合金的显微组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明:Ho能够充分细化AZ91镁合金中的α-Mg和β-Mg17Al12晶粒,抑制二次β-Mg17Al12的析出,使不完全离异共晶转化为离异共晶,并在合金中生成颗粒状Al2Ho金属间化合物.Ho通过细晶强化增加了合金强度,改善了塑性,使合金的断裂机制从脆性解理断裂转变为准解理断裂.     

Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-(Sc)合金的显微组织与腐蚀性能

采用铸锭冶金工艺,制备不同钪含量的Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金.通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、晶间腐蚀及剥落腐蚀等实验方法,研究钪对Al-5.3Cu-0.8Mg-0.6Ag合金的组织和腐蚀性能影响.结果表明:添加0.3%～0.5% Sc可明显细化铸态合金的晶粒,平均晶粒尺寸从300 μm降低到60 μm,而添加0.1%～0.3% Sc有助于提高挤压态合金抗腐蚀性能.但当添加0.5% Sc时,合金中形成粗大的Al3(Sc, Zr)稀土化合物相,导致合金的抗蚀性能降低.     

固溶时效处理对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、室温和高温压缩试验等方法研究了固溶时效对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.Ni50Ti44Al6合金的铸态微观组织是由NiTi基体和沿晶界分布的网状组织构成.随着固溶温度升高,合金中的网状组织部分消失,第二相在基体中趋向于均匀的弥散分布;随时效时间延长,合金的强度先升高后降低.固溶时效处理能有效改善Ni50Ti44Al6合金的力学性能.最佳的处理制度为:合金在1150℃固溶6 h,水淬,再在700℃时效6 h.     

添加钇对TiAl合金组织和性能的影响

设计并熔炼了成分为（Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ５０）１００－ｘＹｘ（ａｔｏｍ）＝０－２．０％）的合金，用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、三点弯曲试验等手段，研究了添加钇（Ｙ）对ＴｉＡｌ合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：２的添加能改变ＴｉＡｌ合金中Ｏ、Ｎ等间隙原子含量并增加ＴｉＡｌ合金显微组织，使γＴｉＡｌ使合金晶粒细化，促进γ＋α２片层状组织的形成，适量钇的添加能降低ＴｉＡｌ合金中Ｏ、Ｎ等间隙原子含量并增加ＴｉＡｌ     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

Fe-Cu-Nb-Si-B快淬带的组织、磁性及微区力学性能

采用单辊熔体快淬法制备宽6~8 mm、厚30~40μm的Fe78.3Cu0.6Nb2.6Si9.5B9合金薄带.其直流磁性能为:饱和磁感应强度Bs=1.06 T,剩磁Br=0.39 T,矫顽力Hc=3.53 A/m,最大磁导率μm=2.43 m H/m;交流磁性能为:铁损P0.5 T/1 k Hz=22.2 W/kg,P0.2 T/100 k Hz=864 W/kg,对应的有效磁导率μe分别为833和1225.场发射高分辨扫描电镜观察发现,不同工艺参数制备的快淬带因晶化程度不同,对应的断口形貌特点也不同,非晶相和纳米晶复合的合金带断口可见镜面区和雾状区、周期性褶皱、河流状花样等,而晶化接近完全的合金带呈沿晶断裂.纳米力学探针研究表明,非晶相和纳米晶复合的合金带的微区硬度和弹性模量低于晶化接近完全的合金带.基于Luborsky法,利用自行设计的装置测量断裂应变,对材料的韧性进行半定量分析.     

Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al-based superalloys: A review

Ni₃Al-based alloys have drawn much attention as candidates for high-temperature structural materials due to their excellent comprehensive properties.The microstructure and corresponding mechanical properties of Ni₃Al-based alloys are known to be susceptible to heat treatment.Thus,a significant step is to employ various heat treatments to derive the desirable mechanical properties of the alloys.This paper briefly summarizes the recent advances in the microstructure evolution that occurs during the heat treatment of Ni₃Al-based alloys.Aside fromγ′phase andγphase,the precipitations ofβphase,α-Cr precipitates,and carbides are also found in Ni₃Al-based alloys with the addition of various alloying elements.The evolution in morphology,size,and volume fraction of various types of secondary phases during heat treatment are reviewed,involvingγ′phase,βphase,α-Cr precipitate,and carbides.The kinetics of the growth of precipitates are also analyzed.Furthermore,the influences of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ni₃Al-based alloys are discussed.