双带式薄板连铸数值模拟

建立了双带式薄板连铸凝固过程流动与热交换的数学模型。该模型适用于铸造合金凝固各区即液相区域，固相区和糊状区，能量方程和流动方程在车式错列钢格上离散成有限差分方程后用迭代法求解。计算出ＡＩＳＩ１０２０钢薄板连铸过程流场，温度场和凝固区的形貌，并模拟了浇嘴高板坯厚度对凝固过程的影响。     

合金钢的热导率计算

基于大量钢的热导率数据,采用多元线性回归方法建立了合金钢的热导率和化学成分的定量关系式.回归分析结果表明,用强碳化物和非强碳化物形成元素的总质量分数,Si和C的质量分数作为多元线性回归的自变量是合适的.由于和基体Fe的外层电子结构的显著差异,Si元素对钢的热导率的减小效果远大于过渡族元素;C元素增加钢的热导率是由于C原子的增加使更多的碳化物形成元素分配到碳化物中,从而减弱了这些元素对基体热导率的影响.     

高碳钢连铸坯凝固过程溶质宏观偏析的数值模型

采用FeC二元合金的紊流、凝固传热及溶质传输三维耦合模型,针对铸坯不同碳质量分数对凝固过程溶质分布的影响进行数值模拟,凝固过程以柱状晶生长方式进行,遵循局部热力学平衡·研究发现,与低碳钢相比,高碳钢的凝固坯壳较薄,等温曲线较为光滑,糊状区范围较大·碳质量分数较高的钢种,偏析较轻;而低碳钢,偏析较为严重     

Centerline Segregation in Continuous Casting Billets

Centerline segregation is of practical significance since it affects the material properties. Centerline segregation in continuous casting billets was studied by solving the fluid flow, solidification, and solute transport equations from the initially liquid steel to the completely solid state using the finite difference method with the SIMPLER algorithm. The results show that the centerline segregation is induced by both the fluid flow in the mushy zone and the accumulation of solute-rich liquid near the solidification front. The species concentration in the center of the strand rises quickly in the mushy region to a maximum at the end of solidification. The most serious segregation occurs along the billet centerline.     

Computational algorithms for simulating the grain structure formed on steel billets using cellular automaton and chaos theories

The development of some computational algorithms based on cellular automaton was described to simulate the structures formed during the solidification of steel products. The algorithms described take results from the steel thermal behavior and heat removal previously calculated using a simulator developed by present authors in a previous work. Stored time is used for displaying the steel transition from liquid to mushy and solid. And it is also used to command computational subroutines that reproduce nucleation and grain growth. These routines are logically programmed using the programming language C++ and are based on a simultaneous solution of numerical methods (stochastic and deterministic) to create a graphical representation of different grain structures formed. The grain structure obtained is displayed on the computer screen using a graphical user interface (GUI). The chaos theory and random generation numbers are included in the algorithms to simulate the heterogeneity of grain sizes and morphologies.     

考虑界面效应的纳米流体的热传导模型

借鉴图论的有关做法。结合威尔逊空间相互作用模型。构建区域中心城市区位选择的模型，从而试图定量分析封闭和开放两种条件下区域中心城市的适宜区位．从模型中可以看出，在封闭条件下区域中心城市适宜区位趋于区域的地理中心。而在开放条件下区域中心城市适宜区位趋于主导联系方向．作者选取浙江省嘉兴市对模型进行实证分析，分别考察了封闭和开放两种条件下嘉兴区域中心城市适宜区位的变化趋势．     

Effect of phosphorus on the microstructure and mechanical properties of strip cast carbon steel

Carbon steel strips with different phosphorus and carbon contents were produced by using the twin roll strip casting process. Fine grains and dendrite structure were observed in high-P steels. Negative phosphorus segregation was found in strip cast high-P and high-C steels. For the steels with different carbon contents, phosphorus distribution in the thickness direction of the strip is obviously different. This is because solutes are redistributed in the melting pool and the phosphorus segregation rate is associated with the length of the mushy zone and the phosphorus solubility in different phases. Phosphorus as a solute in ferrite can lead to the higher hardness and strength with lower plastic propertyies.     

液体混合物热导率的测量及其数据的关联

在恒温条件下，使用由程序控制的量热器测量液体混合物的热导率．这种方法不仅可测低热导率的有机溶液，而且可测高热导率的水溶液．实验中测了八个双元体系，五个三元体系．同时提出了一个计算液体混合物热导率的方法．     

Properties and homogeneity of 550-MPa grade TMCP steel for ship hull

Ultra low carbon steels by the thermal mechanical control process (TMCP) with less Ni, Cr, and Mo contents have been developed for 550 MPa grade heavy gauge ship hulls and offshore structures. The relationships among microstructures, process, and properties of the studied steel have been investigated. A series of accurate control technologies have been developed for this kind of steel. Cu microalloying and TMCP+relaxation precipitation control (RPC)+accelerated cooling process were employed to optimize the mechanical properties and ensure the homogeneity of the 80-mm thick plate. The microstructures of thin plates slightly changed from surface to center, but the microstructures of the heavy gauge plate (80 mm) changed notably. Adopting the simple composition, it can meet the requirement of thin plates by adopting a few microalloys. As for thick plates (80 mm), a little higher Cu and Ni contents should be adopted. These steels can meet the needs without tempering. By these ways, the properties of the steels can be optimized, and the cost can be decreased notably.     

液态夹杂与固态夹杂碰撞聚合的物理模拟和机理研究

针对钢液中液态夹杂与固态夹杂碰撞聚合的现象,采用水模型实验模拟了液态夹杂去除固态夹杂的行为.实验结果表明:其与液滴去除夹杂的机理类似,流体内液滴与固粒的碰撞存在3种形式:惯性碰撞、截留捕获和尾流捕获.通过理论公式计算了单独的惯性碰撞捕获效率及同时考虑惯性碰撞和截留的捕获效率,发现二者的趋势基本一致,尤其当液滴直径较大时,二者曲线大致重合,因此,可以得出惯性捕获占据主导地位的结论.这与实验中观察到的液滴与固粒聚合大多数都是惯性碰撞相吻合.对实验数据进行了分析计算,得到了实验中液滴捕获固粒的捕获效率,发现所得曲线与理论计算捕获效率值相比,有一定差异,但是趋势基本一致.这是因为湍动程度较低,不同直径的捕获效率相对较为均匀,没有理论计算曲线那样陡峭.     

地热浅埋孔回填材料中砂粒结构对导热系数的影响

地热浅埋孔回填材料的导热系数是影响地埋管换热器取热性能的关键因素之一。目前以一定配比的砂粒骨料与水泥、粘土、石英等的混合材料最常见,而材料中颗粒的结构形态是影响回填材料导热系数的关键因素之一。本文以回填材料中砂粒骨料为研究对象,从结构特征出发,探究内部颗粒级配及磨圆度对回填材料导热系数的影响。利用所开发的基于孔隙率的二维导热系数计算模型及三维热阻模型,定量研究不同固相导热系数、不同颗粒物粒级配及不同棱角磨圆度下,材料导热系数的变化规律。结果表明,在颗粒级配和磨圆度不变的情况下,材料整体的导热系数随固相导热系数的增加而增加。同一材料不同尺寸粒径间的差别较大时更易获得更高的整体有效导热系数,且粒径不同所造成的回填材料有效导热系数差别会随着固体导热系数的增大而变得更为显著。而磨圆度不同所造成的有效导热系数差异会随固体导热系数的增大而变得更为显著。颗粒磨圆度很高（球体）或很低（锥体）时,同样固相导热系数下材料的有效导热系数较小。本研究所得理论结果可以为回填材料的优选配置提供依据,有助于提高地埋管换热器的取热效率及地热能利用效率。     

多孔材料热导率通用计算方法

利用蒙特卡洛法对多孔材料的内部结构进行了重构,并验证了重构模型具有自相似性和标度不变性的分形特性.对重构的多孔材料模型进行网格划分,利用二值化原理识别网格中的固体基质和流体孔隙,构筑材料内部真实传热过程的串并联混合热阻阵列图,建立适用于各种均质和非均质多孔材料热导率的计算方法——二值化阵列法.基于该方法,对闭孔泡沫铝和硅酸铝耐火纤维材料的热导率进行了计算,并与文献中的实验测量值进行了比较,具有较好的一致性,验证了本方法的正确性和普适性.     

Ultrahigh cycle fatigue fracture mechanism of high-quality bearing steel obtained through different deoxidation methods

The mechanism of oxide inclusions in fatigue crack initiation in the very-high cycle fatigue(VHCF)regime was clarified by subjecting bearing steels deoxidized by Al(Al-deoxidized steel)and Si(Si-deoxidized steel)to ultrasonic tension-compression fatigue tests(stress ratio,R=−1)and analyzing the characteristics of the detected inclusions.Results show that the main types of inclusions in Si-and Al-deoxidized steels are silicate and calcium aluminate,respectively.The content of calcium aluminate inclusions larger than 15μm in Si-deoxidized steel is lower than that in Al-deoxidized steel,and the difference observed may be attributed to different inclusion generation processes during melting.Despite differences in their cleanliness and total oxygen contents,the Si-and Al-deoxidized steels show similar VHCF lives.The factors causing fatigue failure in these steels reveal distinct differences.Calcium aluminate inclusions are responsible for the cracks in Al-deoxidized steel.By comparison,most fatigue cracks in Si-deoxidized steel are triggered by the inhomogeneity of a steel matrix,which indicates that the damage mechanisms of the steel matrix can be a critical issue for this type of steel.A minor portion of the cracks in Si-deoxidized steel could be attributed to different types of inclusions.The mechanisms of fatigue fracture caused by calcium aluminate and silicate inclusions were further analyzed.Calcium aluminate inclusions first separate from the steel matrix and then trigger crack generation.Silicate inclusions and the steel matrix are closely combined in a fatigue process;thus,these inclusions have mild effects on the fatigue life of bearing steels.Si/Mn deoxidation is an effective method to produce high-quality bearing steel with a long fatigue life and good liquid steel fluidity.     

微合金钢初始凝固中奥氏体开始长大的温度

通过共聚焦激光显微镜对P510L钢的初始凝固过程进行了原位动态观察以考察δ相生成、包晶反应以及γ相的形成过程,并探索奥氏体开始长大温度.研究结果表明:1)冷却速度为25℃/s时P510L钢的冷却模式为首先从液相中析出δ铁素体,然后在液相与δ铁素体相之间发生包晶反应(L+δ→γ),进入三相共存区,液相消失后剩余的δ相通过固态扩散转变为γ相;2)在初始凝固过程中,奥氏体先进行一部分吞并、长大,然后才实现过剩δ铁素体向奥氏体的同素异构转变,最后实现完全奥氏体化;3)通过原位动态观察,探索了一种较为准确的确定原始奥氏体开始长大温度的实验方法,提高了奥氏体晶粒预测模型的准确性.     

液体混合物的导热系数与汽液平衡之间的关系

将统计热力学模型与作者建立的传热反应速率理论相结合，通过液体混合物中分子间的相互作用能、分子的大小和形状，将液体混合物的导热系数与汽液平衡相互联系起来，使这两类液体混合物的性质统一到分子间相互作用能、分子的大小和形状这一液体混合物的共性上，对这两类性质进行统一的描述，研究这两类性质之间的关系。对１１对二元体系根据液体混合物的导热系数对汽液平衡进行了推算。结果表明，所建立的液体混合物的模型能够描述它们的导热系数与汽液平衡之间的相互关系。     

基于反算热流的结晶器内流动--传热--凝固耦合模拟

基于Navier-Stokes动量方程和湍流低雷诺数k-ε方程,综合考虑能量守恒和钢液凝固与糊状区对流动过程的影响,建立了描述结晶器内钢液流动、传热及凝固过程的三维耦合数学模型。以实测温度和结晶器反问题模型计算出的热流为边界条件,模拟计算了结晶器内钢水的流动、传热和凝固行为。钢液流动决定结晶器内的温度和热流分布,铸坯凝固受钢液流动和结晶器热流双重因素的影响。建立的模型以及由此得到的铸坯凝固非均匀特征可为进一步考察浇铸过程中纵裂和其他表面缺陷提供借鉴和参考。     

高速磨削加工的残余硬度

研究了淬硬钢回火硬度与回火温度的关系．建立了回火硬度与回火温度关系的回火效应模型。磨削热导致回火引起淬硬钢磨削后表面硬度变化。通过合并磨削热模型和回火效应，可以预测工件磨削后的表面硬度变化。进行了45^#钢的高速磨削试验．研究了工件速度和磨削深度对磨削后表面硬度的影响。试验值与预测值能够较好吻合。     

碳纳米管复合材料的有效热导率

考虑到碳纳米管的空间取向分布特征,建立了碳纳米管复合材料的有效热导率模型。根据Maxwell理论,推导出了计算碳纳米管复合材料有效热导率的简单公式。应用实例表明,该模型能够很好地解释在碳纳米管纳米流体中观察到的热导率异常增加现象,还可以用来分析纳米管复合材料的渗流性质,而且理论计算结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

高压流体气液相导热系数模型的建立

对温度Ｔ、导热系数λ和压力ｐ三者之间的关系进行了分析,建立了一个能够同时预测纯组分气液相导热系数的统一模型,它能够描述高压流体和超临界流体的导热系数随温度和压力的变化。在较宽的温度和压力范围内（Ｔ＝８０～１４００Ｋ,ｐ＝０．１～３５０ＭＰａ）,对油气藏流体中常见组分的气液相导热系数进行了计算,２２个组分３２６３个数据点的拟合结果的平均相对误差为１２．５３％。通过引入常规的状态方程混合规则,将模型拓展应用于混合物导热系数的计算,１３种二元和三元混合物２６０个数据点的平均相对误差为１１．１９％;对３个石油馏分２２个点导热系数的预测结果的平均相对误差为８．８９％     

钢水深脱氧用铝系复合材料的应用与发展

钢水的脱氧效果直接影响钢材的质量,铝因脱氧效率高且成本低而被广泛用于深脱氧·用纯铝脱氧会带来很多不良影响,而铝系复合材料的开发能够解决这些问题·通过总结国内外一些炼钢深脱氧用铝系复合材料的发展应用情况,为国内钢厂生产纯净钢而进行深脱氧处理提供参考·