Recovery of alkali and alumina from Bayer red mud by the calcification–carbonation method

Red mud produced in the Bayer process is a hazardous solid waste because of its high alkalinity; however, it is rich in valuable components such as titanium, iron, and aluminum. In this study, a novel calcification–carbonation method was developed to recover alkali and alumina from Bayer red mud under mild reaction conditions. Batch experiments were performed to evaluate the potential effects of important parameters such as temperature, amount of CaO added, and CO₂ partial pressure on the recovery of alkali and alumina. The results showed that 95.2% alkali and 75.0% alumina were recovered from red mud with decreases in the mass ratios of Na₂O to Fe₂O₃ and of Al₂O₃ to Fe₂O₃ from 0.42 and 0.89 to 0.02 and 0.22, respectively. The processed red mud with less than 0.5wt% Na₂O can potentially be used as a construction material.     

红土镍矿深度还原-磁选富集镍铁实验研究

采用深度还原-磁选工艺,以煤粉为还原剂,添加氧化钙作助溶剂,在微熔化,不完全造渣的条件下,将矿石中镍和铁的氧化物还原成金属镍铁,然后经磁选方法使金属镍铁在磁性产品中得到富集.结果表明,深度还原最佳工艺条件为:还原温度1 300℃,还原时间60 min,配煤过剩倍数2.在此工艺条件下得到镍、铁质量分数分别为5.01%,22.46%的镍铁产品,镍、铁回收率分别为96.05%,79.69%.对深度还原过程研究表明,还原物料中镍和铁以金属合金颗粒形式存在,高温有利于镍铁金属相凝聚,适当延长还原反应时间有利于镍铁颗粒的还原和聚集长大,进而有利于磁选富集.     

赤泥在环境污染治理中的应用及资源化途径

赤泥是氧化铝生产中的废弃物,其成分极其复杂。介绍了赤泥的物相组成、化学成分及性质。基于赤泥的一些特殊性质,赤泥可净化大气及水中污染物,并且对重金属污染的土壤具有一定的修复作用。利用赤泥作为建材及赤泥中金属、非金属元素的回收有着很好的经济效益、环境效益和社会效益。     

高铁赤泥悬浮磁化焙烧-弱磁选提铁工艺

高铁赤泥中的铁含量较多,是一种潜在的铁矿资源.因此,研发创新性工艺和技术以实现赤泥中铁的回收利用和赤泥减量很有必要.针对拜耳法高铁赤泥,制定了悬浮磁化焙烧-弱磁选的工艺流程,并研究了焙烧温度、焙烧时间、还原气CO浓度和总气量对磁化焙烧效果的影响.结果表明,在最佳焙烧条件下,焙烧矿经过弱磁选别,可获得磁选精矿TFe品位为56.40%,回收率为88.46%的指标.通过对原料和焙烧产品的XRD分析、铁的化学物相分析、SEM-EDS分析和VSM分析可知,赤泥中的弱磁性的赤铁矿在磁化焙烧过程中被还原成了强磁性的磁铁矿.     

Feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and waste red mud

Large scale utilization is still an urgent problem for waste red mud with a high content of alkaline metal component in the future. Laterite ores especially the saprolitic laterite ore are one refractory nickel resource, the nickel and iron of which can be effectively recovered by direct reduction and magnetic separation. Alkaline metal salts were usually added to enhance reduction of laterite ores. The feasibility of co-reduction roasting of a saprolitic laterite ore and red mud was investigated. Results show that the red mud addition promoted the reduction of the saprolitic laterite ore and the iron ores in the red mud were co-reduced and recovered. By adding 35wt% red mud, the nickel grade and recovery were 4.90wt% and 95.25wt%, and the corresponding iron grade and total recovery were 71.00wt% and 93.77wt%, respectively. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis results revealed that red mud addition was helpful to increase the liquid phase and ferronickel grain growth. The chemical compositions “CaO and Na₂O” in the red mud replaced FeO to react with SiO₂ and MgSiO₃ to form augite.     

加高某赤泥坝的坝基评价及赤泥筑坝的可行性研究

拜尔法炼铝的残碴，通常称为赤泥。本文研究赤泥强度、结构和密实度，赤泥的物理力学性质。认为赤泥具有良好建筑性能，利用赤泥筑坝是可行的。     

石油焦作还原剂对低品位红土镍矿与赤泥共还原制备镍铁的影响

石油焦作为工业固体废物,其堆积和储存对生态环境产生巨大的影响。本文对石油焦在低品位红土镍矿与赤泥共还原过程中用作还原剂的可行性及其机理进行了研究。通过研究石油焦用量、焙烧温度和焙烧时间等对红土镍矿与赤泥共还原过程的影响,确定最佳的工艺条件为石油焦用量20wt%、焙烧温度1250°C、焙烧时间60 min。在此条件下,可以获得镍品位1.96wt%、铁品位85.76wt%、镍回收率97.83wt%、铁回收率96.81wt%的镍铁产品。扫描电镜和能谱(SEM–EDS)分析结果表明,红土镍矿与赤泥共还原过程中镍和铁主要以镍铁颗粒的形式存在,镍铁颗粒分布均匀且纯度很高,粒径约30 μm。结果表明,石油焦作为还原剂用于红土镍矿和赤泥共还原是可行的,与无烟煤作还原剂相比,石油焦具有成本低的优点。研究结果不仅为石油焦的利用提供了一个新途径,同时也为缺煤地区红土镍矿与赤泥共还原工艺的利用提供了一种解决方案。     

等离子电弧炉回收Ni-Al合金细粉工艺的研究

本文研究了用等离子电弧炉回收 Ni-Al 合金细粉的方法。实验结果表明:用等离子电弧炉回收 Ni-Al 合金细粉工艺上可行,经济效益及社会效益较高;且克服了用电渣石墨坩埚法回收时铝烧损多、合金回收率低、对环境污染严重等缺点。讨论了在实验条件下,装料量、冶炼时间、弧电流及氩气流量等工艺参数对合金回收率、电耗、氩气耗量等口标参数的影响;确定了合理的冶炼工艺制度。     

赤泥使用石灰窑尾气脱碱的模拟实验

通过对山西某铝厂赤泥的基础特性分析,提出用含CO2为20%左右的石灰窑尾气对赤泥进行脱碱模拟实验。热力学分析表明利用石灰窑尾气脱碱是可行的,而实际影响脱碱的主要为动力学因素。实验以脱碱率为指标,分析液固比、CO2体积分数、CO2摩尔比、搅拌速度和反应温度5个因素对赤泥脱碱率的影响。研究结果表明,合理的脱碱工艺参数为:液固比8mL/g、CO2体积分数20%、CO2摩尔比40、搅拌速度400r/min和反应温度60℃,该工艺条件下的脱碱率为31.10%。实验结果表明,可以利用含CO2为20%左右的石灰窑尾气对赤泥进行脱碱处理,该工艺能脱除赤泥中的可溶性碱,符合"以废治废"的循环经济理念。     

A method for recovery of iron,titanium, and vanadium from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite

An innovative method for recovering valuable elements from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite is proposed. This method involves two procedures:low-temperature roasting of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite and water leaching of roasting slag. During the roasting process, the reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, the sodium oxidation of vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate, and the smelting separation of metallic iron and slag were accomplished simultaneously. Optimal roasting conditions for iron/slag separation were achieved with a mixture thickness of 42.5 mm, a roasting temperature of 1200℃, a residence time of 2 h, a molar ratio of C/O of 1.7, and a sodium carbonate addition of 70wt%, as well as with the use of anthracite as a reductant. Under the optimal conditions, 93.67% iron from the raw ore was recovered in the form of iron nugget with 95.44% iron grade. After a water leaching process, 85.61% of the vanadium from the roasting slag was leached, confirming the sodium oxidation of most of the vanadium oxides to water-soluble sodium vanadate during the roasting process. The total recoveries of iron, vanadium, and titanium were 93.67%, 72.68%, and 99.72%, respectively.     

高铁铝土矿直接还原—溶出工艺

提出了一种以Na2CO3为添加剂、以煤为还原剂的还原分离方法,将原矿中铁的氧化物还原为铁单质粉末通过磁选分离回收,将水铝石矿物转化为铝酸钠溶出分离回收.通过单因素实验考察了还原温度、还原时间、Na2CO3用量和还原剂用量对粉末铁品位、铁回收率和氧化铝溶出率的影响,并用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察和能谱分析等方法研究了反应的过程和机理.通过正交试验优化了实验参数,获得的最优条件为还原温度1150℃,还原时间45 min,Na2CO3用量40.47%,还原剂用量11.9%;在最优条件下,粉末铁品位为95.88%,铁回收率为89.92%,氧化铝溶出率为75.92%.     

Dolochar as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes

The present investigation examines the viability of dolochar, a sponge iron industry waste material, as a reductant in the reduction roasting of iron ore slimes, which are another waste generated by iron ore beneficiation plants. Under statistically determined optimum conditions, which include a temperature of 900℃, a reductant-to-feed mass ratio of 0.35, and a reduction time of 30-45 min, the roasted mass, after being subjected to low-intensity magnetic separation, yielded an iron ore concentrate of approximately 64wt% Fe at a mass recovery of approximately 71% from the feed iron ore slime assaying 56.2wt% Fe. X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that the magnetic products contain magnetite and hematite as the major phases, whereas the nonmagnetic fractions contain quartz and hematite.     

赤泥制备的聚合氯化铝铁处理高岭土废水

为回收赤泥中的铝铁成分,解决赤泥污染和占地问题,提出了利用赤泥制备聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)的新方法.以废水中高岭土为处理对象,与聚合氯化铝(PAC)进行了混凝对比实验,考察了混凝剂投加量、废水pH值、废水浓度、废水温度、盐基度等因素对絮凝效果的影响.实验结果表明:混凝剂的投加量、废水pH值、盐基度、废水浓度等对混凝效果有明显影响,温度对混凝效果的影响较小,PAC最高去浊率为93%,PAFC最高去浊率达到96%.     

含铅废渣料还原造锍熔炼回收铅和银工艺

针对铅锌冶炼企业产出大量含铅固体废弃物难以环保经济回收的难题,提出从多种含铅废料中回收二次铅的还原造锍熔炼新工艺.在热力学计算的基础上,进行以铅膏、铅渣、铅烟灰和黄铁矿烧渣的设计混合料为熔炼对象,以氧化铁为固硫剂,焦粉为还原剂,苏打和芒硝作为添加剂的工艺实验,研究熔炼过程中各影响因素对铅和银直收率的影响.得到优化的工艺条件：FeO/SiO2质量比为1.10,CaO/SiO2质量比为0.30,添加剂组成中Na2 CO3/Na2 SO4质量比为7：3,焦粉用量为含铅物料质量的15%,熔炼时间为2 h,熔炼温度为1200益.在此条件下综合实验中铅直收率为85.95%,银直收率为83.15%.新工艺具有固硫、综合利用和一步炼铅的优点.     

由生产高锰酸钾过程中产生的锰泥制取碳酸锰

本文提出了用轧钢废酸处理高锰酸钾生产过程中产生的废渣—锰泥—制取工业级碳酸锰的方法。其流程可分为三段:(1)还原浸出与沉铁;(2)浸出液的净化;(3)工业级碳酸锰的制备。 在第一段中,只要控制好轧钢废酸中的[H~+]/[Fe~(2+)]比就可使浸出、沉铁同时进行,使沉铁的碱用量大大减少,加Na_2S除去浸出除铁液中其它重金属。用NH_4HCO_3制取MnCO_3避免水中Ca~(2+)带入MnCO_3。所得碳酸锰符合工业级碳酸锰部颁标准的要求。     

Comparison of selective flocculation of low grade goethitic iron ore fines using natural and synthetic polymers and a graft copolymer

This study aims to beneficiate low grade goethitic iron ore fines using a selective flocculation process. Selective flocculation studies were conducted using different polymers such as starch amylopectin (AP), poly acrylic acid (PAA), and a graft copolymer (AP-g-PAA). The obtained results were analyzed; they indicate the enhancement of the iron ore grade from 58.49% to 67.52% using AP-g-PAA with a recovery of 95.08%. In addition, 64.45% Fe with a recovery of 88.79% was obtained using AP. Similarly, using PAA, the grade increased to 63.46% Fe with a recovery of 82.10%. The findings are also supported by characterizing concentrates using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) techniques.     

桂西拜耳法赤泥静态淋溶碱释放影响因素试验

为研究桂西拜耳法赤泥中碱的溶出规律及影响因素,采用浸出试验分析了赤泥中碱的赋存状态及含量,通过静态淋溶试验并改变初始溶液pH、固液比、粒径大小、环境温度、是否搅动等条件,研究赤泥中碱释放随时间变化的规律及溶出机制并使用正交分析法分析赤泥中碱释放主要影响因素.结果 表明:赤泥中的可溶性碱占总碱含量的30.45％,主要赋存于氢氧化钠、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、硅酸钠及可溶钙霞石中;非可溶性碱占总碱含量的69.55％,主要赋存于方钠石及难溶钙霞石中.溶液中初始溶液pH、固液比、溶液温度对赤泥中碱释放影响较大,而是否搅动及赤泥粒径对其影响较小;影响赤泥溶液中碱浓度及碱溶出率的因素依次为液固比、环境温度、初始溶液pH.研究结论可为解决桂西拜耳法赤泥对周边环境效应影响及脱碱提供必要的科学依据.     

深度还原分离回收含铌铁尾矿中铌和铁的试验研究

以某稀土综合尾矿经磨矿-磁选-浮选处理后的含铌铁尾矿为对象,采用深度还原焙烧的方法分离回收铌和铁,研究还原焙烧条件对铌、铁分离效果的影响。结果表明,还原剂种类对铁回收率的影响较为显著,对铌的分离回收影响相对较小,还原剂为褐煤时铁回收率最高;还原时间的延长、焙烧温度的升高以及助熔剂用量的增加均有利于铌、铁的分离回收;在还原剂褐煤用量为10%、助熔剂用量为15%、还原时间为60min、还原温度为1300℃的条件下可实现含铌铁尾矿中铌、铁的高效分离回收,得到w(TFe)为94.82%的铁精矿,铁回收率为99.53%,同时还得到w(Nb2O5)为0.3519%的铌粗精矿,铌回收率为99.62%。     

高炉灰为还原剂对海滨钛磁铁矿直接还原焙烧磁选--钛铁分离的影响

对高炉灰在直接还原焙烧-弱磁选工艺中用作印尼某海滨钛磁铁矿还原剂的可行性及其机理进行研究.结果表明,以萤石为添加剂的条件下,高炉灰可代替煤做还原剂,通过高炉灰与萤石的共同作用,可以在直接还原过程中提高还原铁粉中铁的回收率及品位并降低TiO2质量分数,同时回收高炉灰中铁.三种不同产地高炉灰还原效果的比较表明,高炉灰性质对还原效果有影响.在相同用量条件下,津鑫高炉灰( JX)还原效果最好;在JX高炉灰用量30%、萤石用量10%、焙烧温度1250益以及焙烧时间为60 min时,焙烧产物通过两段磨矿和两段磁选,最终得到最佳的还原铁粉中铁品位为91.28%,TiO2质量分数降至0.93%,包括海滨砂矿和高炉灰中铁的铁总回收率达到89.19%.     

用还原焙烧法从硫铁矿烧渣中提取铁的研究

研究了高温还原焙烧、硫酸浸取提取硫铁矿烧渣中的铁。用碳作还原剂,800℃以上温度、反应时间约20min时铁的提取率达90%以上,得到的还原渣可以在温和条件下浸出。得到的FeSO4提取液不需再经还原,便于净化,适于作透明氧化铁颜料、磁性铁氧体等高档用品的原料。