镍氢电池负极新型粘合剂及其电极性能

研究了一种镍氢电池负极－金属氢化物电极新型粘合剂ＳＢＳ,测定了以ＳＢＳ为粘合剂的电极性能,并与ＰＴＦＥ和ＨＰＭＣ两种粘合剂进行了对比。研究结果表明：采用ＳＢＳ作粘合剂的电极的耐碱性和柔性优于其它粘合剂,其放电容量、放电电位、大电流放电能力、内阻、电催化活性等性能也较好,尤其是循环性能优良,有望成为一种比较理想的金属氢化物电极粘合剂;ＳＢＳ的最佳加入量为１％左右。     

Effects of binders on the performance of electric double-layer capacitors of carbon nanotube electrodes

Electric double layer capacitors (EDLCs) or‘su percapacitors’ have many potential advantages inelectrical devices due to their large capacitance, highpower and long cycle life[1,2].Activated carbons, which exhibit a large specificsurface area ( higher than 1000 m2/g), have beenwidely used as polarizable electrodes of the capaci tors[1—3]. However, generally less than 1/3 of thesurface area of these carbons is available to the elec trolyte for the reason that they con…     

Effects of binders on the performance of electric double-layer capacitors of carbon nanotube electrodes

Polarizable electrodes of electric double layer capacitor (EDLCs) were made from carbon nanotubes. Effects of different binders, which are phenolic resin (PF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), on the properties of polarizable electrodes are studied. Results indicate that the microstructure, pore size distribution and specific capacitance of the electrodes with PTFE binder are superior to those electrodes with PF binder after carbonization. The suitable binder (PTFE) for carbon nanotubes electrodes is proposed.     

Toward Rational Composite Electrodes for Improved Li Batteries

1 Results Although electrodes for lithium batteries are generally prepared with standard formulations and routine processing conditions,more and more studies report relationships between processing conditions,composite electrode morphology and electrochemical performance.In our previous work,we obtained a 50% increase of the cycling capacity of Li1.1V3O8 based electrodes after using a PEO binder which had been pre-plasticized by the solvent (ethylene carbonate (EC) propylene carbonate (PC)) of the liq...     

铜基载氧体制备参数对释氧和吸氧性能的影响

在STA409PC热重分析仪上,以机械混合法和溶胶凝胶法制备的铜基载氧体为研究对象,研究了惰性载体种类、惰性载体添加比例、不同煅烧温度及煅烧时间等制备参数对铜基载氧体释氧和吸氧性能的影响.实验结果表明:三种类型载氧体释氧性能强弱顺序为Cu/Zr>Cu/Ti>Cu/Si,吸氧性能相差不大;随惰性载体添加比例的增加,载氧体的释氧和吸氧性能增强;随煅烧温度的升高,载氧体的释氧性能降低,而吸氧性能变化不大;煅烧时间的改变对载氧体的释氧-吸氧性能没有明显的影响;不同制备方法制备的载氧体,Cu/Zr和Cu/Si溶胶凝胶法好于机械混合法,Cu/Ti机械混合法好于溶胶凝胶法.     

Effect of heating rate on the electrochemical performance of MnO X @CNF nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrodes

Carbon nanofibers （CNFs） and MnOjc@CNF nanocomposites （MCNFs） are fabricated by electrospin- ning and investigated as free-standing electrodes for sup- ercapacitor. This work presents the effect of heating rate during carbonization on the electrochemical behavior of the as-prepared MCNFs electrodes in 6 mol/L KOH elec-trolyte. Results show that the MCNFs electrodes carbon- ized by relatively slower heating rate exhibit higher specific capacitance. The electronic conductivity of the slow heated MCNFs electrodes is better than that of the fast heated electrodes due to the better crystallinity of the MnOx nanoparticles and the graphitic carbon layers forming on the surface of the Mn-loaded CNFs. These MCNFs electrodes demonstrate elevated rate capability and improved cycling performance without adding any polymer binder or electronic conductor.     

中间包永久衬浇注料用结合剂

以B级高铝矾土熟料为骨料，A级矾土熟料为基质料，同时加入蓝晶石、硅线石为膨胀荆，紫木节粘土为烧结剂、塑化剂，研究了分别采用硅灰、高铝水泥、水玻璃、复合结合剂等为结^合剂的不同配方组成的浇注料。通过浇注料试样性能检测比较，探讨了不同种类结合剂对浇注料性能的影响，实验证明复合结合剂更有利于浇注料性能的提高。     

THE EFFECTS OF BINDER ON COATING RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES *

胶粘剂是影响涂料流变特性的主要因素．本文对常用的氧化淀粉、羧基丁苯胶乳和聚乙烯醇在不同的添加量情况下配成的涂料进行了系统的研究．研究结果表明,涂料都呈剪切稀化特性,认为可用修改的幂律方程表达,其中幂指数为剪切速率的函数,该方程体现了流体流动类型对剪切速率的依赖性;当胶粘剂为聚乙烯醇时稠度系数Ｋ最大,为氧化淀粉时次之,为羧基丁苯胶乳时最小．同时也对氧化淀粉、羧基丁苯胶乳、ＣＭＣ和ＰＶＡ混合配制的涂料进行了研究,在剪切速率为１０３／ｓ以下时,体系都呈剪切稀化特性,表观粘度与剪切速率呈幂指数函数关系,且幂指数为剪切速率的函数．在相同条件下,涂料表观粘度在含有ＣＭＣ时最大,含有ＰＶＡ时次之,含有羧基丁苯胶乳时最小．     

无粘结剂的柔性硫/碳纤维布电极的制备及电化学性能研究

以碳布为基底,通过浸渍法成功制备了柔性硫/碳纤维布电极.制备的柔性硫/碳纤维布电极无需添加导电剂和粘接剂,可直接用作硫正极极片组装电池,大大简化了电池制备工艺.电化学测试结果表明,硫含量为56.77%(质量分数)的硫/碳纤维布电极展现出了最好的电化学性能,即在0.1A/g电流密度下的可逆放电比容量达1 394mAh/g;充放电循环测试100次后,可逆放电容量仍然维持在733mAh/g.电化学性能的提高主要归因于碳纤维本身的导电性、柔韧性以及大量碳纤维相互交错互联的导电网络.     

老化时间对SBS改性剂与沥青胶结料官能团的影响

采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)和弯曲梁流变(BBR)试验,对老化0h、1h、5h、8h、24h、48h和72h条件下的2种沥青胶结料进行低温性能试验并与SBS改性剂进行官能团分析,探究基质沥青、SBS改性剂与其改性沥青的官能团随老化时间变化趋势,分析其老化方式,建立2种沥青胶结料官能团与其低温性能之间的关系。结果表明：SBS改性剂的老化是由聚丁二烯和聚苯乙烯的共同作用导致的,其老化方式主要是以烯烃和烷烃发生降解为主;基质沥青和改性沥青老化方式均是轻质油份挥发并与空气中氧气发生交联反应。SBS改性剂与其改性沥青在特征红外吸收峰处变化趋势不同,因此仅采用SBS改性剂特征红外吸收峰变化趋势不足以反应其改性沥青的特征峰变化。2种沥青胶结料的羰基指数与蠕变柔量导数指标存在良好的线性相关,可反映沥青低温变形能力。     

碳点修饰硅在锂离子电池中的应用研究

Silicon (Si) particles were functionalized using carbon dots (CDs) to enhance the interaction between the Si particles and the binders. First, CDs rich in polar groups were synthesized using a simple hydrothermal method. Then, CDs were loaded on the Si surface by impregnation to obtain the functionalized Si particles (Si/CDs). The phases and microstructures of the Si/CDs were observed using Fourier-transform infrared reflection, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Si/CDs were used as the active material of the anode for electrochemical performance experiments. The electrochemical performance of the Si/CD electrode was assessed using cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and constant current charge and discharge experiment. The electrodes prepared with Si/CDs showed good mechanical structure stability and electrochemical performance. After 150 cycles at 0.2 C, the capacity retention rate of the Si/CD electrode was 64.0%, which is twice as much as that of pure Si electrode under the same test conditions.     

粘结剂对C/C复合材料 抗氧化涂层性能的影响

通过对几种粘结剂对飞机刹车副用C/C复合材料抗氧化涂层的抗氧化性能的影响规律及其作用机理的研究,发现不同的粘结剂对涂层最终抗氧化性能有很大的影响,其中以硅溶胶及磷酸盐为粘结剂的涂层具有良好的抗氧化性能,二者各自在一定温度范围内有最佳的抗氧化效果．在900℃,4h静态氧化试验时最佳抗氧化效果是以硅溶胶作为粘结剂的试样,样品失重率不超过1%(质量分数);而在700℃,4h时以磷酸盐为粘结剂的试样,其静态氧化失重率不超过0.37%(质量分数);在试验中涂层保持完整,表明涂层具有较好的抗热震性能．     

粘结剂对石墨电极的制备及影响

采用循环伏安法研究了醋酸纤维素、丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、壳聚糖3种粘结剂对石墨电极性能的影响.结果表明,壳聚糖为粘结剂制备的石墨电极的性能最好,该电极在1mmol/L亚铁氰化钾溶液和1mmol/L的对苯二酚溶液中的氧化还原峰的对称性和可逆性均较好,其氧化峰电流与扫描速度υ1/2成线性关系,表明电极表面的氧化还原过程受扩散过程控制.     

Enhanced electrochemical stability of carbon-coated antimony nanoparticles with sodium alginate binder for sodium-ion batteries

The poor cycling stability of antimony during a repeated sodium ion insertion and desertion process is the key issue, which leads to an unsatisfactory application as an anode material in a sodium-ion battery. Addressed at this, we report a facile two-step method to coat antimony nanoparticles with an ultrathin carbon layer of few nanometers (denoted Sb@C NPs) for sodium-ion battery anode application. This carbon layer could buffer the volume change of antimony in the charge-discharge process and improve the battery cycle performance. Meanwhile, this carbon coating could also enhance the interfacial stability by firmly connecting the sodium alginate binders through its oxygen-rich surface. Benefitted from these advantages, an improved initial discharge capacity (788.5?mA?h?g^?1) and cycling stability capacity (553?mA?h?g^?1 after 50 times cycle) have been obtained in a battery using Sb@C NPs as anode materials at 50?mA?g^?1.     

程潮铁矿球团配加黏结剂试验研究

对程潮铁矿高压辊磨前后的铁精矿分别添加膨润土、有机黏结剂、复合黏结剂进行造球试验。结果表明,单独添加少量的膨润土或有机黏结剂,其生球爆裂温度指标合格,生球强度指标不合格;采用膨润土质量分数为2.0%、有机黏结剂质量分数为0.05%的复合黏结剂,其生球抗压强度为14.5N/个、生球落下强度为(0.5m)12.1次/个、生球爆裂温度为630℃、成品球抗压强度为3 024N/个,球团质量有较大的提高。     

Review of silicon-based alloys for lithium-ion battery anodes

Silicon (Si) is widely considered to be the most attractive candidate anode material for use in next-generation high-energy-density lithium (Li)-ion batteries (LIBs) because it has a high theoretical gravimetric Li storage capacity, relatively low lithiation voltage, and abund-ant resources. Consequently, massive efforts have been exerted to improve its electrochemical performance. While some progress in this field has been achieved, a number of severe challenges, such as the element’s large volume change during cycling, low intrinsic electronic conduct-ivity, and poor rate capacity, have yet to be solved. Methods to solve these problems have been attempted via the development of nanosized Si materials. Unfortunately, reviews summarizing the work on Si-based alloys are scarce. Herein, the recent progress related to Si-based alloy an-ode materials is reviewed. The problems associated with Si anodes and the corresponding strategies used to address these problems are first de-scribed. Then, the available Si-based alloys are divided into Si/Li-active and inactive systems, and the characteristics of these systems are dis-cussed. Other special systems are also introduced. Finally, perspectives and future outlooks are provided to enable the wider application of Si-alloy anodes to commercial LIBs.     

改性沥青结合料低温性能评价指标

针对高寒多年冻土区特点，选用基质沥青与丁苯橡胶（SBR）改性沥青，通过测力延度试验进行沥青结合料低温性能多指标评价对比，据此提出韧性比指标与常规技术指标试验、夏普计划（SHRP）动态剪切试验及弯曲粱流变仪试验等不同试验指标进行相关性分析。结果表明：韧性比指标与动态剪切试验、弯曲流变仪试验及常规技术指标有良好的相关性，采用韧性比作为评价沥青结合料低温性能的主要指标合理可行：为保证低温性能，建议多年冻土地区沥青韧性比不宜低于4．5。     

PVDF与海藻酸钠黏结剂对石墨负极电化学性能的影响

应用循环伏安和恒电流充、放电等电化学方法,并结合微观测试技术对比了油性黏结剂（PVDF）和水性黏结剂（海藻酸钠）对石墨负极电化学嵌脱锂性能的影响．结果表明,黏结剂的种类对电极的电容、库效率、倍率充、放电性能以及电化学循环性能均有影响．     

型煤粘结剂及其发展趋向

型煤粘结剂是型煤生产的关键技术。为了提高型煤的质量，许多国家根据各自的国情对型煤粘结剂进行了大量的研究。其中有些粘结剂已应用于大规模的工业化生产。本文主要介绍了型煤粘结剂的概况及其发展趋向。     

多聚磷酸改性沥青及其混合料低温性能研究

采用常规低温性能试验和Superpave低温性能试验,研究了不同类型多聚磷酸(PPA)改性沥青胶结料的低温性能,对比分析了沥青胶结料低温性能评价指标之间的相应关系,并采用小梁弯曲试验和冻断试验验证了沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能,研究了沥青胶结料与混合料低温性能之间的相关性.最后对不同低温性能评价指标的合理性和不足之处进行了较为深入的分析.结果表明,PPA掺入减小了沥青的延度和劲度模量,老化对PPA改性沥青低温性能的影响显著;应变能密度指标表明PPA可以改善沥青混合料低温抗裂性;PPA复配SBR的改性沥青低温效果要优于SBR改性沥青;冻断温度与冻断强度能较准确地评价多聚磷酸改性沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能.