V-N微合金化X80抗大变形管线钢的组织与力学性能

通过热模拟试验机研究了V-N微合金钢过冷奥氏体动态连续冷却相变行为,设计了V-N微合金化X80抗大变形管线钢的轧制与冷却工艺参数并分析了组织和力学性能的关系.结果表明,动态CCT曲线出现高温转变区和中温转变区分离的现象,转变温度范围分别是637~728℃和441~601℃,当冷速为10~20℃/s时,形成针状铁素体为主的组织.V-N微合金化管线钢组织以多边形铁素体和针状铁素体为主,屈服强度、抗拉强度、均匀延伸率和-20℃夏比冲击功分别为603MPa,724MPa,11.1%和214J,满足API Spec 5L对X80管线钢的力学性能要求,同时具有好的强塑性匹配.     

V和V-N微合金化低碳钢碳氮化物的形变析出

通过热模拟压缩实验考察了V和V-N微合金化低碳锰钢在860~740℃范围内多道次变形时的组织演变和碳氮化物析出规律及其相互影响.结果表明,含V钢中添加少量的N促进了变形奥氏体中V的碳氮化物(尤其是氮化物)的析出和形变诱导铁素体相变.V的碳氮化物析出降低了奥氏体中固溶的V,从而减弱了固溶V对形变诱导铁素体相变的抑制作用.碳氮化物析出在奥氏体的局部区域造成贫碳区,也促进了铁素体形核.在相同处理工艺下与V钢相比,V-N钢中铁素体内碳氮化物开始析出的时间短,析出相的数量多,长大速度慢,分布弥散.     

钛和钒对高锰钢高温热延性的影响

运用Gleeble-3500热力模拟试验机对700～1200℃温度范围内高锰钢Mn13单独加入钛(质量分数0.10％)、复合添加钛(质量分数0.11％)和钒(质量分数0.20％)后的高温热延性进行测试.采用扫描电镜和X射线能谱分析仪对不同温度下拉伸断裂后试样的断口形貌以及断口处的析出粒子进行了分析.温度-断面收缩率曲线表明在高锰钢中加入0.10％钛后,其断面收缩率出现了一定程度的下降,这表明钛的加入恶化了高锰钢的热延性;在此基础上加入0.20％钒,高锰钢的热延性出现了进一步的下降,即钛和钒的复合加入严重恶化了高锰钢的热延性.利用Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件对单独含钛以及复合含钛钒的高锰钢在700～1600℃存在的平衡析出相进行了计算,计算结果表明Ti(C,N)的平衡析出温度均约为1499℃,远大于其液相线温度,这说明Ti(C,N)在高锰钢的液相中就可以开始析出.扫描电镜-能谱分析结果表明在奥氏体晶界以及三叉晶界处存在大量的Ti(C,N)和(Ti,V)C粒子,这些粒子的出现抑制了动态再结晶的发生,并且加速了晶界附近裂纹的扩展.     

High temperature strength and ductility of the (C+N) strengthening Fe-Cr-Mn(W,V) steels

Fe-Cr-Mn(W, V) austenite steels used as low radioactive structural materials in fusion reactor have been investigated. The resultsshow that the high temperature strength and the creep fracture life of Fe-Cr-Mn(W, V) steels can be effectively improved through (C+N) complex-strengthening, so can be the high temperature ductility. The strength and ductility of the steels are superior to that of SUS316 steels and JPCAS below 673K. The relationship between strength, ductility andthe formation temperature is related to the evolution of deformation microstructure. The fracture and microstructure observation above 673Kindicates that the main way to further improve ductility at high temperature is the control of carbide coarsening at the grain boundaries.     

正火过程中V--N微合金化钢的第二相行为

采用物理化学相分析、高分辨透射电镜等手段研究V-N微合金化钢在正火过程中第二相行为,并进行相应的理论计算,讨论该行为对材料性能产生的影响.正火加热保温过程中,V-N钢有约32.9%的V( C,N)未溶解,阻止奥氏体晶粒长大.在正火冷却过程中,未溶解的V( C,N)诱导晶内铁素体形核,细化铁素体晶粒,而溶解的V( C,N)重新析出,起到析出强化作用. V( C,N)析出相行为的变化导致材料力学性能的改变.与热轧态V-N钢相比,正火态V-N钢细晶强化贡献值增加31 MPa,而析出强化贡献值减少45 MPa.     

Kinetics and formation mechanisms of intragranular ferrite in V-N microalloyed 600 MPa high strength rebar steel

To systematically investigate the kinetics and formation mechanisms of intragranular ferrite (IGF), isothermal heat treatment in the temperature range of 450℃ to 600℃ with holding for 30 s to 300 s, analysis of the corresponding microstructures, and observation of the precipitated particles were conducted in V-N microalloyed 600 MPa high strength rebar steel. The potency of V(C,N) for IGF nucleation was also analyzed statistically. The results show that the dominant microstructure transforms from bainite (B) and acicular ferrite (AF) to grain boundary ferrite (GBF), intragranular polygonal ferrite (IPF), and pearlite (P) as the isothermal temperature increases from 450℃ to 600℃. When the holding time at 600℃ is extended from 30 s to 60 s, 120 s, and 300 s, the GBF content ranges from 6.0vol% to 6.5vol% and the IPF content increases from 0.5vol% to 2.8vol%, 13.1vol%, and 13.5vol%, respectively, because the ferrite transformation preferentially occurs at the grain boundaries and then occurs at the austenite grains. Notably, V(C,N) particles are the most effective nucleation site for the formation of IPF, accounting for 51% of the said formation.     

High-temperature mechanical properties of near-eutectoid steel

The high-temperature mechanical properties of near-eutectoid steel were studied with a Gleeble-1500 simulation machine. Zero strength temperature (ZST), zero ductility temperature (ZDT), hot ductility curves, and strength curves were measured. Two brittle zones and one plastic zone were found in the temperature range from the melting point to 600℃. Embrittlement in zone I is caused by the existence of liquid film along dendritic interfaces. Ductility loss in zone III mainly results from precipitates and inclusions as well as S segregation along grain boundaries. Pearlite transformation also accounts for ductility deterioration in the temperature range of 700–600℃. Moreover, the straightening temperature of the test steel should be higher than 925℃ for avoiding the initiation and propagation of surface cracks in billets.     

含钛微合金钢的高温热塑性及断裂机理

运用Gleeble 1500热模拟机对600~1350益温度范围内SS400B钢加入钛后的高温力学性能进行测试,对断口形貌及低倍组织进行扫描电镜观察,研究其断裂机理及影响因素。利用热力学软件Factsage对不同钛含量条件下第二相粒子的析出情况进行计算分析。结果表明,在实验温度范围内测试试样的断面收缩率均超过了45%;在高温区生成的铝钛氧化物可作为塑坑的形核核心,促进延性断裂的发生;同时由于铝钛氧化物、氮化钛的生成,降低了对钢塑性有害的氮化铝生成;沿晶铁素体和沿晶渗碳体的生成恶化钢的塑性,促进沿晶脆性断裂的发生。     

Design of a low-alloy high-strength and high-toughness martensitic steel

To develop a high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel with high strength and high toughness, a series of martensitic steels were studied through alloying with various elements and thermodynamic simulation. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the designed steel were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, tensile testing and Charpy impact test. The results show that cementite exists between 500℃ and 700℃, M₇C₃ exits below 720℃, and they are much lower than the austenitizing temperature of the designed steel. Furthermore, the Ti(C,N) precipitate exists until 1280℃, which refines the microstructure and increases the strength and toughness. The optimal alloying components are 0.19% C, 1.19% Si, 2.83% Mn, 1.24% Ni, and 0.049% Ti; the tensile strength and the V notch impact toughness of the designed steel are more than 1500 MPa and 100 J, respectively.     

Grain boundary characteristics and tensile properties of Ti14 alloy after semi-solid deformation

The microstructure and room-temperature tensile properties of Ti14, a new α+Ti₂Cu alloy, were investigated after conventional forging at 950℃ and semi-solid forging at 1000 and 1050℃, respectively. Results show that coarse grains and grain boundaries are obtained in the semi-solid alloys. The coarse grain boundaries are attributed to Ti₂Cu phase precipitations occurred on the grain boundaries during the solidification. It is found that more Ti₂Cu phase precipitates on the grain boundaries at a higher semi-solid forging temperature, which forms precipitated zones and coarsens the grain boundaries. Tensile tests exhibit high strength and low ductility for the semi-solid forged alloys, especially after forging at 1000℃. Fracture analysis reveals the evidence of ductile failure mechanisms for the conventional forged alloy and cleavage fracture mechanisms for the alloy after semi-solid forging at 1050℃.     

屈服强度800 MPa的低碳微合金钢

研究了不同成分特征的含锰含碳微合金钢通过控轧控冷后回火的组织与力学性能,Mn含量为1．7％－2．3％的试验钢轧后经快冷和中温回火获得了高强度和一定的塑性、韧性,其中含0．06％,2．3％Mn,0．21％Al和微量Nb,Ti,B的快冷回火钢屈服强度（σ0．2）超过800MPa,延伸率大于4％。室温冲击韧性134－174．5J／cm^2,－40℃冲击韧性为103－110J／cm^2,具有由变形奥氏体转变成的细小贝氏体组织。     

High temperature tensile properties and fracture behavior of cast nickel-base K445 superalloy

The tensile properties and fracture behavior of a cast nickel-base superalloy K445 in the temperature range of 25-1 000℃were investigated.The microstructure and fracture surfaces of the alloy were investigated by OM,SEM and TEM.The results revealed that an anomalous yield strength phenomenon exists in the alloy at medium high temperature.The yield strength decreases gradually with the increase of temperature,reaches the minimum value at 650℃,and then increases again to obtain 940 MPa,which is almost the ...     

Tensile properties of tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous structure

In this study, the mechanical properties of tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous microstructure were investigated at both room temperature (RT) and 800℃. The strengthening mechanism associated to the nanofibrous microstructure was discussed. The results showed that the tungsten-rhenium wires with nanofibrous grains exhibited a very high tensile strength reaching values of 3.5 GPa and 4.4 GPa for the coarse (grains diameter of 240 nm) and fine (grains diameter of 80 nm) wires, respectively. With increasing the temperature from RT to 800℃, the tensile strength decreased slightly but still held high values (1.8 GPa and 3.8 GPa). All the fracture surfaces exhibited apparent necking and characteristics of spear-edge shaped fracture surface, indicating excellent ductility of the wires. A model of the strengthening mechanism of these tungsten-rhenium wires was proposed.     

Grain boundary segregation of minor arsenic and nitrogen at elevated temperatures in a microalloyed steel

Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) was used to investigate the grain boundary segregation of arsenic and nitrogen in a kind of microalloyed steel produced by a compact strip production (CSP) technology at 950 to 1100℃, which are similar to the hot working temperature of the steel on a CSP production line. It was discovered that arsenic segregated on grain boundaries when the steel was annealed at 950℃ for 2 h. When the annealing temperature increased to 1100℃, arsenic was also found to have segregated on grain boundaries in the early annealing stage, for instance, within the first 5 min annealing time. However, if the holding time of the steel at this temperature increased to 2 h, arsenic diffused away from grain boundaries into the matrix again. Nitrogen was not found to have segregated on grain boundaries when the steel was annealed at a relatively low temperature, such as 950℃. But when the annealing temperature increased to 1100℃, nitrogen was detected to have segregated at grain boundaries in the steel.     

590MPa级热轧V-N高强车轮钢组织性能控制

对一种低成本V-N微合金化钢进行了控轧控冷实验,探讨了相变机理与析出行为,并系统地研究了其综合力学性能.结果表明,显微组织为多边形铁素体、粒状贝氏体及少量的针状铁素体,纳米尺度V(C,N)析出质点弥散地分布于铁素体或贝氏体铁素体基体内部.抗拉强度615MPa实验钢具有优良的断后延伸率,冷弯性能合格,扩孔率达到95%,满足轮辐用钢的加工要求,低温冲击性能良好.细晶强化、位错强化、析出强化、相变强化为主要强化机制.     

Fabrication of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels with excellent mechanical and pitting corrosion properties

A series of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels were successfully developed with a pressurized electroslag remelting furnace. Nitride additives and deoxidizer were packed into the stainless steel pipes, and then the stainless steel pipes were welded on the surface of an electrode with low nitrogen content to prepare a compound electrode. Using Si₃N₄ as a nitrogen alloying source, the silicon contents in the ingots were prone to be out of the specification range, the electric current fluctuated greatly and the surface qualities of the ingots were poor. The surface qualities of the ingots were improved with FeCrN as a nitrogen alloying source. The sound and compact macrostructure ingot with the maximum nitrogen content of 1.21wt% can be obtained. The 18Cr18Mn2Mo0.9N high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel exhibits high strength and good ductility at room temperature. The steel shows typical ductile-brittle transition behavior and excellent pitting corrosion resistance properties.     

微合金化对超细晶中厚板显微组织的影响

在Gleeble 1500热模拟机上,通过820~790℃温度范围内的多道次热压缩变形模拟了中厚板的精轧工艺,考察了不同铌、钒(氮)含量的低碳钢的组织演变过程、微合金元素的碳氮化物的析出行为和对形变诱导铁素体相变(DIFT)的影响.结果表明:变形过程中有部分奥氏体转变为铁素体,依变形的温度不同在变形间隔时间内有逆相变或亚动态相变发生;变形后快速冷却得到平均晶粒直径低于5μm的超细晶组织.单独添加钒对DIFT具有抑制作用,可以细化显微组织;钒-氮复合添加促进DIFT,但使组织粗化;添加铌基本不会抑制DIFT,能显著细化显微组织.变形后冷速越小,钢种间差距越明显.微合金化元素的作用与其在变形过程中...     

Mechanical properties and fracture toughness of rail steels and thermite welds at low temperature

Brittle fracture occurs frequently in rails and thermite welded joints, which intimidates the security and reliability of railway service. Railways in cold regions, such as Qinghai-Tibet Railway, make the problem of brittle fracture in rails even worse. A series of tests such as uniaxial tensile tests, Charpy impact tests, and three-point bending tests were carried out at low temperature to investigate the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of U71Mn and U75V rail steels and their thermite welds. Fracture micromechanisms were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) on the fracture surfaces of the tested specimens. The ductility indices (percentage elongation after fracture and percentage reduction of area) and the toughness indices (Charpy impact energy A_k and plane-strain fracture toughness K_IC) of the two kinds of rail steels and the corresponding thermite welds all decrease as the temperature decreases. The thermite welds are more critical to fracture than the rail steel base metals, as indicated by a higher yield-to-ultimate ratio and a much lower Charpy impact energy. U71Mn rail steel is relatively higher in toughness than U75V, as demonstrated by larger A_k and K_IC values. Therefore, U71Mn rail steel and the corresponding thermite weld are recommended in railway construction and maintenance in cold regions.     

表面温度波动对微合金钢连铸板坯热塑性的影响

由于铸坯表面与二冷辊列夹持辊发生的间断式接触传热,其表面温度存在一定程度的上下波动. 基于J55微合金钢,考虑温度波动的影响,研究了钢在不同热状态下的热塑性. 结果表明,高于850℃时温度波动制度下测得的断面收缩率低于常规恒温制度下的测量值,而等于或低于850℃时情况相反. 分析了两种不同温度制度下测试结果的差异,认为对于微合金钢,存在着略高于所测钢种Ae3温度的某一分界温度,高于该温度时恒温制度下测得的塑性值相比波动制度下塑性值偏高,而低于该温度时则偏低. 这一认识有助于更加合理地制定实际连铸过程的矫直温度.     

Coarsening behavior of MX carbonitrides in type 347H heat-resistant austenitic steel during thermal aging

In this work, the growth kinetics of MX (M = metal, X = C/N) nanoprecipitates in type 347H austenitic steel was systematically studied. To investigate the coarsening behavior and the growth mechanism of MX carbonitrides during long-term aging, experiments were performed at 700, 800, 850, and 900℃ for different periods (1, 24, 70, and 100 h). The precipitation behavior of carbonitrides in specimens subjected to various aging conditions was explored using carbon replicas and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The corresponding sizes of MX carbonitrides were measured. The results demonstrates that MX carbonitrides precipitate in type 347H austenitic steel as Nb(C,N). The coarsening rate constant is time-independent; however, an increase in aging temperature results in an increase in coarsening rate of Nb(C,N). The coarsening process was analyzed according to the calculated diffusion activation energy of Nb(C,N). When the aging temperature was 800–900℃, the mean activation energy was 294 kJ·mol-1, and the coarsening behavior was controlled primarily by the diffusion of Nb atoms.