双相不锈钢与微合金钢异金属焊接接头的组织及性能

采用ER2209焊丝对双相不锈钢SAF2205与微合金管线钢X65进行熔化极气体保护焊接,获得了具有良好力学性能的异种钢焊接接头.焊接接头不同区域显微组织观察和成分分析表明,微合金钢与不锈钢焊缝间存在异金属熔合区和第二类边界线,熔合区存在Ni、Cr的浓度梯度分布,且硬度高于两侧的焊缝和母材.通过宏观拉伸、缺口拉伸和低温冲击实验测试了焊接接头的力学性能,并获得了接头不同部位在1mol.L-1NaCl溶液中的极化曲线.拉伸试样断裂发生于强度相对较低的微合金钢母材.焊缝金属的缺口拉伸强度和冲击韧性均略低于双相不锈钢母材,但腐蚀电位略高于母材.微合金钢热影响区与母材力学性能相当,腐蚀电位略高于母材.     

Influence of parameters on the microstructure of a duplex stainless steel joint welded by a GMAW welding process

Duplex stainless steels (DSSs) are widely used in industry for their desirable properties. Any fusion welding technique modifies the microstructure and, consequently, the properties of the material. This paper presents a parametric study of the variables that determine the energy contribution (current, voltage and welding speed) and the structural modifications produced during gas metal arc welding. The analysis comprises metallographic study, phase balance, dimensioning of the weld beads and tensile and hardness tests. The influence of the variables studied on the thermal cycles obtained (temperatures reached and cooling rate) was determined by using a finite element model. The results showed that, in addition to the indicated parameters, the parameter power transfer per volume (W/m³) and the geometry in the bead must be controlled due to their influence on the heat flow distribution and phase balance.     

TIG焊工艺对5083铝合金焊接接头力学性能的影响

5083铝合金焊接接头的力学性能是影响产品质量的关键因素之一.设定不同TIG焊工艺,用6012铝合金焊丝对10 mm厚的5083铝合金板进行焊接.焊接试样分为四组,在氩气流量、层间温度相同的情况下,四组试样分别采用五层不同焊接电流、焊速、不填丝自熔或加硼方式的焊接工艺.通过对四组试样进行拉伸实验、断口形貌观察,结合金相组织分析,探究TIG焊工艺对5083铝合金焊接接头力学性能的影响.结果表明：中厚板5083铝合金TIG焊接,采用6012铝合金焊丝,层间温度控制在80 ℃,第五道焊道采用不填丝自熔时,焊接接头的综合力学性能最好.     

无填丝TIG焊参数对铁素体不锈钢管缝接头组织性能的影响

对022Cr11Ti钢汽车排气管管缝进行无填丝双TIG焊枪自动焊接试验结果表明,焊接工艺参数对接头的组织形貌及抗拉强度影响较大,双焊枪电流在90～130 A范围内焊缝表面质量较好,但都会使接头晶粒不同程度长大,随着焊接电流增大,焊缝组织形貌由粗大柱状晶形貌改变为心部等轴晶+两侧粗大柱状晶形貌,同时,Rm逐步降低,拉伸断裂位置也按HTHAZ→焊缝→HTHAZ改变,试验得出采用双枪电流分别为I1=120 A,I2=90 A时的管缝接头具有较好的强度,Rm可达到376.81MPa,使焊管冷弯时发生接头开裂现象得到明显改善.     

热轧变形量对铝热法制备的 2507双相不锈钢组织和力学性能的影响

对铝热反应制备的微纳结构2507双相不锈钢在1 000 ℃下进行了变形量为40%、60%和80%的轧制处理.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)研究其轧制态显微组织.采用万能拉伸试验机和布洛维光学硬度计测试其力学性能.测试结果表明:轧制过程中,奥氏体和铁素体沿轧制方向被拉长,且奥氏体向铁素体转变.随着轧制变形量的增加,纳米晶平均晶粒尺寸变化不大,但体积分数减小.1 000 ℃下轧制变形量为40%、60%和80%后的屈服强度分别为232、284、456 MPa,抗拉强度分别为533、577、582 MPa,硬度分别为325、330、337 HV,延伸率分别为12.5%、11.1%和11.5%.     

焊接热输入对镁合金与镀铜钢冷金属过渡焊接接头性能和缺陷影响

利用冷金属过渡焊(CMT)对镁合金和镀铜钢异种金属进行焊接,填充材料选择AZ31镁合金焊丝,对焊接接头的显微组织进行检测,分析焊接接头的性能和缺陷。实验结果表明:Cu元素对镁合金在钢表面的润湿铺展起到良好的促进作用,焊接热输入影响Cu元素对镁/钢表面的润湿铺展效果。焊接接头产生富铜区,易产生裂纹,降低了焊接接头强度。经过拉伸测试,在焊接热输入为212. 2 J/mm时,焊接接头强度达到最大值3. 99 k N,但在焊接热输入达到254. 6 J/mm时,焊接强度反而降低,这是由于钎焊区生成了大量的中间层脆性化合物。焊接接头组织中检测到气孔、夹渣和裂纹等焊接缺陷的存在,这与母材表面的氧化膜和焊缝内应力有关。     

紫铜与不锈钢焊接接头的力学性能

许多工程结构当中，经常出现大量异种材料的焊接情形，材料的力学性能对结构有重要影响。应用不同的焊接工艺对紫铜(T2)和奥氏体不锈钢(1Cr18Ni9Ti)进行焊接，并对焊接接头的力学性能进行研究。结果表明，采用过渡层方法接头的力学性能较好，而采用T107焊条，其接头的塑性、韧性比采用过渡层时低。     

Effect of tin addition on the microstructure and properties of ferritic stainless steel

This article reports the effects of Sn on the inclusions as well as the mechanical properties and hot workability of ferritic stainless steel. Precipitation phases and inclusions in Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel were observed, and the relationship between the workability and the microstructure of the steel was established. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic analysis of the steel reveals that an almost pure Sn phase forms and MnS-Sn compound inclusions appear in the steel with a higher Sn content. Little Sn segregation was observed in grain boundaries and in the areas around sulfide inclusions; however, the presence of Sn does not adversely affect the workability of the steel containing 0.4wt% Sn. When the Sn content is 0.1wt%-0.4wt%, Sn improves the tensile strength and the plastic strain ratio and also improves the plasticity with increasing temperature. A mechanism of improving the workability of ferritic stainless steel induced by Sn addition was discussed:the presence of Sn lowers the defect concentration in the ultra-pure ferritic lattice and the good distribution of tin in the lattice overcomes the problem of hot brittleness that occurs in low-carbon steel as a result of Sn segregation.     

Influence of hot rolling on the microstructure of lean duplex stainless steel 2101

In this work, the microstructure and the strain partitioning of lean duplex stainless steel 2101 (LDX 2101) during different hot-rolling processes are investigated by optical microscopy and electron-backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results show that the LDX 2101 exhibits poor thermoplasticity at high temperature. The four-pass hot-rolled plates show fewer edge-cracking defects and superior thermoplasticity compared with the two-pass hot-rolled plates prepared at different temperature. The phase boundary is the weakest site in the LDX 2101. The cracks are initiated and propagated along the phase boundaries during the hot-rolling process. According to the EBSD analysis, the increase of the hot-rolling pass can dramatically improve the strain distribution in ferrite and austenite phases and promote the strain transmission in the constituent phases, thereby improving the coordinated deformation ability of the two phases. This effect further increases the thermoplasticity and reduces the formation of edge cracks in LDX 2101.     

时效时间对铸造2507双相不锈钢组织及性能影响

对固溶态的铸造2507双相不锈钢材料在750℃下分别时效2、6及10h,利用OM、SEM、拉伸试验和电化学试验分析了时效时间对材料金属间相形貌及数量、力学性能和耐蚀性能的影响. 试验结果表明： 固溶后的材料经750℃时效处理,随时效时间延长,金属间相的数量逐渐增多,χ相先由颗粒状逐渐长大为块状,然后又细化;σ相则随时效时间的延长逐渐粗化. 析出的金属间相越多,材料抗拉强度、塑性及耐蚀性越低. 点蚀优先在铁素体内及铁素体/奥氏体晶界上萌生,并向铁素体扩展,并且时效后材料腐蚀电流密度与时效时间呈现J_腐蚀r=0.69125t+1.432的线性关系.     

TC4钛合金薄板储能焊接头组织与性能

采用微型储能焊机对厚度为0．2mm的TC4钛合金薄板进行了快速连接,并研究了接头组织形貌及焊接参数对接头力学性能的影响。结果表明：储能焊能够实现TC4钛合金薄板的快速凝固焊接,焊接接头由熔核和熔核向母材过渡的熔合区（线）组成。极短的焊接时间和高的冷却速率,使得熔核凝固过程具有快速凝固特征,熔核中凝固组织得到显著细化。当焊接工艺参数为电压250V、电容6600妒、电极力20N时,接头剪切强度可达601MPa。     

Effect of Ce on the cleanliness,microstructure and mechanical properties of high strength low alloy steel Q690E in industrial production process

In order to improve the strength and toughness of Q690E steel sheets, the effect of rare earth element Ce on the strength and toughness of Q690E steel was studied by means of transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and metallographic microscope. The results showed that the addition of Ce in steel limited the combination of S with Mn and Ca, transformed Al₂O₃ inclusion into spherical CeAlO₃ inclusion, and modified the precipitate form of some composite inclusions of TiN and sulfide oxides into TiN precipitation alone. The inclusions were spheroidizing. The size of inclusions was decreased from 3-5 μm to 1-2 μm, and the distribution was dispersed. Ce played a role in purifying molten steel through desulphurization and deoxidization. Meanwhile, the addition of Ce in steel effectively increased the nucleation particles in the liquid phase, improved the nucleation rate, enlarged the equiaxed grain refinement area, and limited the development of columnar crystals. The average grain size of slab decreased from 45.76 to 35.25 μm, and the proportion of large grain size (> 50 μm) decreased from 40.41% to 23.74%. The macrostructural examination of slab was improved from B0.5 to C2.0, which realized the refinement of the solidified structure and reduced the banded structure of hot rolled plate. In addition, due to the inheritance of refined structure in the upstream, the recrystallization of deformed austenite and the growth of grain after recrystallization were restrained, and a refined tempered sorbite structure was obtained. When rare earth element Ce was added, the width of the martensite lath bundle was narrowed from about 500 nm to about 200 nm, which realized a remarkable grain refinement strengthening and toughening effect. Mechanical properties such as tensile, yield, and low-temperature impact toughness were significantly improved.     

热处理工艺对某低合金钢组织和力学性能的影响

利用拉伸试验,研究了某低合金钢在不同温度退火和固溶处理后的力学性能行为,并通过金相组织分析探讨了其原因.结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,该钢的强度几乎不变,塑性和韧性略有降低.与退火态相比,固溶处理后,屈服平台宽度明显减少;碳化物沿晶界析出,起到明显强化作用,该钢强度显著增加,塑性、韧性和形变强化指数降低.     

钼对铸造双相不锈钢组织及耐点蚀性能的影响

研究了钼含量对铸造双相不锈钢显微组织及耐点蚀性能的影响。探讨了耐点蚀性能、含钼量、组织彼此之间的关系。结果表明：随钼含量增加，钢中ｒ相含量逐渐减少。当钼含量超过一定量后，组织的均匀程度降低，并存在Ｘ相。随钼含量的增加，钢的耐点蚀性能逐渐提高；当钼量超过一定量后，耐点蚀性能明显降低，耐点蚀性能与组织的均匀程度及Ｘ相的存在有关。     

退火温度对430不锈钢冷轧板组织和力学性能的影响

针对现场生产的430不锈钢冷轧板,通过高温连续退火实验研究了退火温度对材料显微组织、强度、塑性以及各向异性性能的影响.通过实验得到了合理的两段式加热连续退火工艺:选取中间温度为600℃,加热II段的加热速率为2.3℃·s-1,最高加热温度为840℃.随着退火温度的升高,薄板的屈服强度和硬度呈明显的两阶段降低趋势,延伸率呈"S"型趋势增加,平均塑性应变比基本保持不变(1.25左右),而轧制平面各向异性指数有一定的降低.针对430不锈钢冷轧板分别建立了屈服强度与退火软化率和延伸率之间的定量关系.     

SAF 2205双相不锈钢织构与冲压特性

研究SAF 2205双相不锈钢冷轧退火板的冲压特性以及冷轧和退火织构对其冲压性能的影响.实验钢冷轧退火板表现出较差的深冲性能和明显的45°制耳,其r平均值和Δr值分别为0.7和-0.27,这主要与其在冷轧及退火后形成的织构有关. ODF图显示,退火后SAF 2205双相不锈钢中铁素体相未形成γ纤维再结晶织构,仍然为分散的α纤维织构.实验钢中铁素体相的织构强度明显高于奥氏体相,其对钢板成形性的影响更显著,即其各种〈110〉退火织构组分均不利于实验钢r平均值的提高,并且使得Δr<0.此外,奥氏体相的{110}〈001〉织构也对钢板成形性能产生一定程度的影响.     

激光焊接速度对焊缝组织和硬度分布的影响

利用激光焊接工艺焊接核级不锈钢,通过改变激光焊接速度得到不同的焊接接头。采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等手段研究了熔深比、δ/γ比、组织形貌以及焊缝中各相的成分。通过显微硬度测试了焊缝接头上硬度分布。随着焊接速度的增加,焊缝熔深比线性增加,焊缝中啄-铁素体含量增加,岛状组织增多,板条状组织增多,蠕虫状组织减少,焊缝区的平均硬度值增加。     

添加元素Cu、Mo对镍基合金喷焊层组织和性能的影响

选择两种(Ni-A、Ni-B)成分不同的Ni基合金粉末,在STB A22钢基体上用火焰喷焊技术制备两种喷焊层. XRD和SEM背散射电子实验结果表明,喷焊层内的基体都是Ni和Ni3Fe相,其中Ni-A的基体中含有少量Cu. 在Ni-A、Ni-B的喷焊层内分布有大量富Cr硬质第二相,在Ni-A的喷焊层中,该相有两种形态,且含有较多Mo元素. 在Ni-B的喷焊层中,第二相分布均匀,且无Mo元素. 高温硬度实验表明,由于喷焊层中形成了富Cr硬质第二相,Ni-A、Ni-B喷焊层的硬度较高,而由于Ni-A第二相中含有较多Mo元素,Ni-A的高温硬度比Ni-B高,两种喷焊层的高温硬度均比基材常温时高70%以上.     

热处理对CLAM钢TIG焊接接头显微组织影响

采用TIG焊接方法对中国低活化马氏体钢(CLAM 钢)进行了平板对接试验,分别对焊接接头采用不同温度的焊后热处理,试验温度分别为610,660,710,760,810℃,保温30 min.结果表明,焊后进行热处理与不做热处理两种情况下,CLAM钢焊接接头微观形貌和硬度存在很大不同;随温度增加,焊接接头焊缝中马氏体板条分布及尺寸均匀性得到提高,热处理温度710℃以上时板条均匀性最好,但晶粒尺寸与板条也会随温度升高而长大.焊后热处理使焊接接头各部分硬度随热处理温度的升高而逐渐降低,焊缝金属硬度下降值比母材和焊缝热影响区大得多,尤其在810℃时焊缝金属硬度下降值最大,降至与母材硬度相当.     

激光功率对316L不锈钢熔覆层组织及性能的影响

为了解决316L不锈钢激光熔覆层成形差、耐腐蚀性低的问题,采用显微组织观察、硬度实验、常温冲击及电化学测试等试验方法,对不同激光功率下熔覆单层及多层熔覆层的成形、组织及性能进行检测和分析。结果表明,随着激光功率的增大,熔覆层高度呈现先增加后减小的变化趋势,熔覆层内部析出相的含量以及稀释率则呈现上升趋势;激光功率过小易引起熔覆层开裂,过大则会引起熔覆层晶粒异常长大;随着激光功率的增加,熔覆层硬度呈增大趋势,当激光功率达到450 W时,熔覆层与基材结合界面处硬度值达到最大,为475 HV;而熔覆层的冲击性能和耐腐蚀性能则随着激光功率的增大呈现下降趋势,当激光功率为300 W时,其冲击韧性最大为92 J,且熔覆层具有最优的耐腐蚀性能,腐蚀电位E_corr最高为-0.3 V,且腐蚀电流密度I_corr最小为0.165 A/cm²;因此,当熔覆速率为3 mm/s、送粉速率为14 g/min、搭接率为50%时,采用300 W激光功率制备的熔覆层可得到优异的冲击和耐腐蚀性能。研究结果可为316L激光熔覆层工艺调控及性能改善提供参考。