Analysis of carbon isotope in phytoliths from C3 and C4 plants and modern soils

The analysis of carbon isotope in phytoliths from modern plants and surface soils in China shows that the values of carbon isotope are consistent with those from C3 and C4 plants,and the processes of photosynthesis of the original plants can be clearly identified by carbon isotope in phytoliths.The value of carbon isotope varied from -23.8‰ to -28‰,with the maximum distributed in the latitude zone from 34° N to 40° N in North China and East China areas,and the minimum in the Northeast China and South China regions.The values of carbon of phytoliths tend to increase from low to high and then reduce to low value again as the latitude increases.In the same latitude zone,the carbon isotope in phytoliths from grassland soil under the trees is obviously lower than that from grassland soil without any trees with the difference of 1‰-2‰.     

Relationships between changes of kernel nutritive components and seed vigor during development stages of F1 seeds of sh 2 sweet corn

The changes of kernel nutritive components and seed vigor in F1 seeds of sh2 sweet corn during seed development stage were investigated and the relationships between them were analyzed by time series regression （TSR） analysis. The results show that total soluble sugar and reducing sugar contents gradually declined, while starch and soluble protein contents increased throughout the seed development stages. Germination percentage, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index gradually increased along with seed development and reached the highest levels at 38 d after pollination （DAP）. The TSR showed that, during 14 to 42 DAP, total soluble sugar content was independent of the vigor parameters determined in present experiment, while the reducing sugar content had a significant effect on seed vigor. TSR equations between seed reducing sugar and seed vigor were also developed. There were negative correlations between the seed reducing sugar content and the germination percentage, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index, respectively. It is suggested that the seed germination, energy of germination, germination index and vigor index could be predicted by the content of reducing sugar in sweet corn seeds during seed development stages.     

Over-relaxation effect of deformed austenite on ageing behavior of an Nb-bearing microalloyed steel

The ageing behavior of an Nb-bearing microalloyed steel at 525℃ was investigated by thermo-simulation test, hardness measurements and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Prior to ageing, the steel was deformed in austenite zone followed by a long relaxation. Experimental results indicate that the hardness decreases gradually in the initial stage until ageing for 120 min, and then increases continuously until 1200 min. The coarsened precipitates （>10 nm） formed in deformed austenite remain nearly unchanged in size, even after ageing for long time, while the further precipitates, which nucleate in a phase, contribute to the increasing of hardness. By comparison, the undeformed samples in austenite subjected to the same ageing process display a very similar hardness change trend to that of over-relaxacion ones and have higher hardness values at each corresponding period.     

Ore-forming event and geodynamic setting of molybdenum deposit at Wenquan in Gansu Province, Western Qinling

The Wenquan molybdenum deposit is associated with a Triassic granite in this area. The Wenquan granite is enriched in LILE and LREE, poor in HFSE, and has significantly higher contents of alkali （K2O＋Na2O） and Sr, Ba than those of the island arc volcanic rocks. These geochemical characteristics are similar to post-collisional granites in high K calc-alkaline series. Studies of major elements, trace elements, REEs and chronology of the Wenquan pluton show that, in the geodynamic transition stage of continent-continent convergence to extension, the partial melting of the enriched lithospheric mantle generated the basaltic magma and triggered the partial melting of the thickened lower crust which produceded the acidic magma, and the Wenquan pluton was formed by mixing of the two magmas. Molybdenite Re-Os isotopic dating gave Os model ages of 212.7±2.6 Ma to 215.1±2.6 Ma with a weighted mean of 214.1±1.1 Ma, and an Re-Os isochron age of 214.4±7.1 Ma. These ages are close to K-Ar ages （223 to 226 Ma） and a SHRIMP zircon U-Pb age （223±7 Ma） for the Wenquan granite within the error range, but relatively younger. This implies that the Mo mineralization occurred in a late stage of the magmatic intrusion, and the metallogenesis took place in the transition stage from syn-collision to post-collision in the tectonic setting of the Qinling Orogenic Belt （QOB） after continental collision between the North China Block （NCB） and the South China Block （SCB）. This process is also corresponding to the geological events of metamorphism and deformation in South Qinling, closure of the Mian-Lue oceanic basin, and exhumation of the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks. The large-scale continent-continent collision between NCB and SCB in the middle Triassic triggered significant crustal thickening and exhumation of subducted slab. In the late Triassic, the tectonic setting was transformed to the transition stage from collision to extension. Materials from the asthenospheric mantle would ascend into the root of the lower crust, which could induce partial melting of the lower crust and generate Mo-enriched granitic magma. The ore-forming elements enriched in the fluid derived from the condensation and fraction of the magma resulted in the Mo mineralization. The Mo deposits in the QOB are mainly formed in two episodes, namely 220± Ma and 140± Ma. The two episodes of metallogenesis were developed in the tectonic transition settings from compression to extension, but they were in the different stages of the tectonic evolution. The occurrence of the Wenquan Mo-bearing pluton indicates that the Triassic tectonic-magmatic belt of Western Qinling is another favorable region for Mo mineralization in the QOB. Therefore, it is significant to pay more attention to evaluation of the ore-forming potentiality in the Triassic granites in Western Qinling.     

The distribution of the oil derived from Cambrian source rocks in Lunnan area, the Tarim Basin, China

There are great differences in biomarks between Cambrian oil and Middle-Upper Ordovician oil. In this stuty, the authors analyzed 40 oils found in Lunnan area by GC-MS and calculated the content of Cambrian oil in the 40 oils according to the steroid indexes of typical oil mixture and match experiment. The results show that it is a general phenomenon in Ordovician reservoir that the oil derived from Cambrian source rock mixed with the oil derived from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock in Lunnan area, the mixture degree of the two oils is lower in Carboniferous reservoir than in Ordovician reservoir, and the oils kept in Triassic reservoir have single source, Middle-Upper Ordoviclan source rock. The mixture oils mainly composed of Cambrian oil （〉50%） distributed in Sangtamu fault zone, and the oils found in Lunnan fault zone are Middle-Upper Ordovician oil. This distribution of oils in Lunnan area is owing to that Lunnan fault zone is located in anticline axis part, Lunnan fault zone underwent serious erosion, and the oils from Cambrian source rock accumulated in Lunnan fault zone were degraded completely during Caledonian-Hercynian movement. But the Cambrian oil accumulated in Sangtamu fault zone was not degraded completely and some of them were left for the location of Sangtamu fault zone is lower than Lunnan fault zone. Later, the oil derived from Middle-Upper Ordovician source rock mixed with the remained Cambrian oil, and the mixture oil formed in Sangtamu fault zone.     

Effects of aging treatment and heat input on the microstructures and mechanical properties of TIG-welded 6061-T6 alloy joints

Aging treatment and various heat input conditions were adopted to investigate the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of TIG welded 6061-T6 alloy joints by microstructural observations, microhardness tests, and tensile tests. With an increase in heat input, the width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) increases and grains in the fusion zone (FZ) coarsen. Moreover, the hardness of the HAZ decreases, whereas that of the FZ decreases initially and then increases with an increase in heat input. Low heat input results in the low ultimate tensile strength of the welded joints due to the presence of partial penetrations and pores in the welded joints. After a simple artificial aging treatment at 175℃ for 8 h, the microstructure of the welded joints changes slightly. The mechanical properties of the welded joints enhance significantly after the aging process as few precipitates distribute in the welded seam.     

He and Ar isotope geochemistry of pyroxene megacrysts and mantle xenoliths in Cenozoic basalt from the Changle–Linqu area in western Shandong

We performed a combined study of He–Ar isotopes and element geochemistry for pyroxene megacrysts and mantle xenoliths from Cenozoic basalt in the Changle–Linqu area in western Shandong.The results are used to trace the evolution of subcontinental lithospheric mantle after destruction of the North China Craton.The3He/4He ratios of pyroxene megacrysts,websterite,and dunites are 7.0–7.7 Ra,7.4 Ra,and 7.0–7.7 Ra,respectively.They are related to the origin of host basalts,and are slightly lower than that of mid-ocean ridge basalts(MORB).Their40Ar/36Ar ratios are much lower than that of MORB and close to that of air.The lherzolites and wehrlites represent the fragments of the newly accreted lithospheric mantle,and their REE and trace elements indicate that they experienced melt metasomatism and partial melting.The3He/4He ratios of their olivine are slightly lower than that of MORB,but3He/4He ratios of their clinopyroxene are low(2.3–7.1 Ra)and display an inverse correlation with(La/Yb)N.The40Ar/36Ar ratios of these clinopyroxene are much lower than that of MORB and close to the air ratio.Combining existing studies of petrology,Sr–Nd–Pb isotopes,O isotopes,trace elements,and Mg isotopes,we infer that the juvenile lithospheric mantle in the Changle–Linqu area was metasomatized by oceanic crust-derived melts,which transfer the supracrustal Ar isotope signatures to the mantle sources.The low4He abundance and low3He/4He ratios of clinopyroxene in the lherzolites and wehrlites are ascribed to metasomatism by crustal melts from the subducted Pacific plate.     

Corridor effect of the spatial changes of landscape patterns in arid areas： A case study of the river corridor areas in the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River

The river corridor areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Tarim River are dominated by the traditional green corridors along the river section from the Qara Reservoir in Yuli County to the Taitema Lake in Ruoqiang County, which plays an important role in the social and economic development in the Tarim River Wate＇rshed with a extremely significant ecological functions. The buffer zones perpendicular to the watercourse were defined along both riversides at a 5-km interval beginning from the watercourse （10 km wider） using the method of the buffer zone analysis. The landscape pattern indexes of each buffer zone were calculated, and the indexes of the main landscape patterns were analyzed so as to reveal the radiative effect and the characteristics of the river corridors on landscape and patch levels. The results show that the radiative width is generally 30 km in the study area, and can be up to 50-70 km in subregion FG1 because the study area is located in two drainage basins, with an ecological interstitial zone between them. The landscapes of woodlands and wetlands are generally distributed within the 10 km buffer zone （it means that the buffer zone is 5 km away from the watercourse; the same hereafter） along both riversides. Moreover, the closer the buffer zone is to the watercourse, the higher the patch density and the largest patch index are. In the ecological and environmental regeneration for the study area, the extent of ecological effect of the river corridors must be fully considered, and the projects must be scientifically and rationally planned and designed.     

Study of moss as air pollution monitor by SRXRF technique

In order to explore the mechanism of moss as air pollution biomonitor, the moss samples were exposed in a pollution site of Shanghai Institute of Steel Research （SISR） and a control site of Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics （SIAP） simultaneously for one month. The concentrations of trace elements in the micro areas of leaf and stem, as well as in the whole moss tissue, were determined using synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence （SRXRF） method. The distributions of some metal elements such as Pb, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mn, Zn, Ca and K in the leaf surface and the stem slice were obtained. The results showed that the metallic ions were not evenly distributed after adsorption. In particular, some elements of K, Ni, Fe, Pb, etc., were concentrated in the leaf apex and the intermediate rib. Under pollution condition, the excessive Pb was adsorbed and deposited in the leaf. It caused serious damage to plant growth and ultrastructure, also suppressed moss’ normal absorption to the nutritive elements of K, Ca, etc.     

睡莲种子萌发期的生物学特性与结构变化

本文描述了睡莲种子的结构、种子的萌发和种苗的形态特征.成热种子必须置于水中萌发.外胚乳是种子萌发和种苗早期生长的主要营养来源.子叶中蛋白体似由液泡起源.子叶的主要功能是传递营养物质,起了吸器的作用.种子萌发后在子叶叶柄基部外侧形成的毛状突起结构可能仅起固着作用.     

拟南芥CARK家族响应脱落酸信号的研究

植物激素脱落酸(Abscisic acid,ABA)在植物应对生物和非生物胁迫中起着重要作用.本研究利用以carks单基因突变体为亲本,构建双重突变体来检测CARKs在ABA信号途径中的功能.然后,分析多重突变体在ABA处理下,种子萌发率和子叶变绿的响应.结果显示:单基因突变体和双重变体与野生型相比,萌发率更高,双重突变体的子叶绿芽率高于单基因突变体.以上结果表明,CARKs家族基因在ABA信号途径中起正调控作用,而且它们的功能是冗余的.     

萌发中食松幼苗贮藏物质的利用和变化

采用电镜技术观察了黑暗中萌发中食松子叶和提供营养的雌配子体中脂肪体和与脂肪利用有关的乙醛酸循环体的变化,测量比较了子叶、下胚轴、根的长度、干重、淀粉含量,以及果糖1,6二磷酸酶的活性变化,对贮藏物质脂类、淀粉的利用及与生长的关系进行了分析.雌配子体中脂肪的利用快于子叶,淀粉作为临时贮藏物质在子叶和下胚轴中大量积累,根中极少,淀粉/干重比表明,子叶中淀粉比重大于下胚轴,这个由上向下的顺序变化与雌配子体由下向上,最后在子叶尖端脱离幼苗的变化暗示了贮藏物质通过接触从雌配子体传递到幼苗.在子叶中细胞质和质体果糖1,6二磷酸酶的活性都明显高于下胚轴,根和未萌发胚中细胞质和质体果糖1,6二磷酸酶的活性极低,表明子叶和下胚轴进行活跃的蔗糖和淀粉合成活动.     

拟南芥CARK11参与ABA介导的生理功能研究

为了探究CARK11在ABA介导的生理进程中的具体作用,本研究以拟南芥哥伦比亚生态型(WT)、CARK11功能缺失突变体cark11和回补激酶丧失CARK11^N203A(com-CARK11m)以及过表达转基因株系(OE-CARK11)为研究对象,探究CARK11在种子萌发、幼苗形态构建、主根生长与干旱响应中发挥的作用.结果显示：相比WT,ABA促进了cark11和com-CARK11m的种子萌发、子叶变绿和主根伸长,而OE-CARK11被抑制. qRT-PCR检测RAB18和RD29a的表达量,发现过表达CARK11促进RAB18和RD29a表达;ABA处理后,这种促进作用更强.干旱实验发现,OE-CARK11耐旱性增加,而cark11和com-CARK11m耐旱性弱于WT.这些结果表明：CARK11作为ABA信号通路的正调控因子抑制拟南芥的种子萌发、子叶变绿和主根生长;同时在干旱胁迫中具有积极作用;另外CARK11在ABA信号途径中的功能依赖激酶活性.     

油葵根—茎过渡区子叶节区的研究

油葵根-茎过渡区发生位置较低.在下胚轴基部就已完成根-茎初生维管组织的转变过程.转变过程中初生木质部的原生与后生部分分离.分离后的原生木质部逐渐消失在基本组织中,不参与新维管组织的形成.初生韧皮部的分离不对称,4束中只有同侧两束分离.在下胚轴下部由根内间隔排列的四原型木质部和韧皮部转变形成6束外韧维管束.下胚轴中上部在6束外韧维管束之间发育形成8束新的外韧维管束.先后形成的两组维管组织在子叶节区发生分离形成内外两环.外环进入子叶,内环进入上胚轴.根据幼苗形态和解剖结构的变化特点,提出了油葵根-茎过渡区、子叶节区的具体区域界限,指出了油葵形成壮苗的形态解剖学依据.     

板栗空篷的蛋白质和氨基酸含量变化的研究

本文研究了空篷栗、正常栗的总苞和子房、子叶发育过程中蛋白质和氨基酸含量的变化。结果表明：空篷栗在幼胚发育期、子叶发育期，其总苞和子房中的蛋白质含量均低于正常栗；空篷栗在传粉受精后，子房中的氨基酸含量均低于正常栗；子房、子叶中的１８种氨基酸含量均高于总苞。总苞发育过程中，丙氨酸和异亮氨酸的含量空篷栗低于正常栗；子房、子叶发育过程中，色氨酸、异亮氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸、丝氨酸和赖氨酸的含量空篷栗低于正常栗。这表明，在幼胚发育、子叶发育期，空篷栗得不到足够的物质供应，影响物质的定向运输和积累，导致了空篷栗的产生。文中还讨论了谷氨酸、天门冬氨酸、色氨酸、脯氨酸的含量变化与子房、子叶发育的关系。     

3种入侵杂草次生木质部的细胞结构

运用离析法和显微照相等技术,比较了黄顶菊、豚草、加拿大一枝黄花3种入侵植物茎和根中次生木质部细胞的特征。结果表明,3种入侵植物根、茎的次生木质部中孔纹和网纹导管分子较多,具多尾性,单穿孔板,少数导管分子还具侵填体等特征,这都在一定程度上说明3种植物在系统进化中占有较高的地位。同一种植物中茎的导管分子平均长度长于根中,平均宽度宽于根中,且均达极显著差异;同一种植物的茎中和根中导管分子的长度、宽度并不一定有一致性。管胞细胞、纤维细胞的平均长度和宽度在3种植物间均未表现出一定的规律性。这些现象都说明植物为了更好的适应不同的生活环境而形成了一定的结构。     

棉花抗热性与高温诱导可溶性蛋白质关系

为鉴定早期棉花基因型抗热性提供生理指标,选用抗虫棉品种DP,彩色棉品种LV和ZH,研究了棉花萌动期、子叶期、1叶期和自然高温期热激处理与对照可溶性蛋白含量的差异.结果表明:萌动期、子叶期、1叶期热激和自然高温期,DP可溶性蛋白质总含量分别比对照提高10.24%、13.11%、15.09%和74.36%;LV分别比对照提高4.27%、8.47%、16.48%和53.49%;ZH分别比对照提高15.83%、11.22%、17.86%和18.18%.     

基于有限元的高压容器开孔接管区应力分析

对压力容器开孔接管区进行了三维有限元分析,获得了容器筒体、接管及其连接部位的应力分布信息。结果表明:压力容器开孔接管区产生明显的应力集中,且应力集中系数随接管与筒体连接处距离的增大而快速降低,各类应力的最大值发生在接管与筒体连接处且位于接管上部位的内侧区域,是筒体失效的危险区域。