剑尾鱼和魣鳉的核型及银染带型和C带研究

以肾细胞作材料,采用秋水仙素-低渗-空气干燥法和Howell(1980)的方法(银染),Sumner(1972)的方法(C带),对剑尾鱼(Xiphophorushelleri)和(Belonesoxbelizanus)的核型及银染和C带进行了分析.结果显示:这两种鱼的染色体2n均为48.剑尾鱼的核型公式为2n=6st+42t,NF=48.的核型公式为2n=2m+2sm+6st+38t,NF=52.其染色体经快速银染后表明,两种鱼各有1对NORs,并均在微小染色体的着丝点上.多数染色体的着丝点区均显示出一个深浅不同的C带.     

剑尾鱼和(鱼予)鳉的核型及银染带型和C带研究

以肾细胞作材料,采用秋水仙素-低渗-空气干燥法和Howell(1980)的方法(银染),Sumner(1972)的方法(C带),对剑尾鱼(Xiphophorus helleri)和( )鳉(Belonesox belizanus)的核型及银染和C带进行了分析.结果显示:这两种鱼的染色体2n均为48.剑尾鱼的核型公式为2n=6st+42t,NF=48.( )鳉的核型公式为2n=2m+2sm+6st+38t,NF=52.其染色体经快速银染后表明,两种鱼各有1对NORs,并均在微小染色体的着丝点上.多数染色体的着丝点区均显示出一个深浅不同的C带.     

海南小稻蝗染色体核型及C-带带型分析

对海南小稻蝗精巢染色体核型及C带带型进行了分析.结果表明:海南小稻蝗核型为2n(♂)=22 xo,NF=23.全部染色体均为着丝粒带染色体,都具有着丝粒C带,1号和8号具有居间带,1号的C带带纹丰富,9号染色体弱染,其余染色体为强染,异染色质总量为14 64%,最长与最短染色体之比为5 5∶1.     

药百合根尖染色体C带分析

利用Giemsa C带方法对药百合(Lilium speciosum Thunb. var. glorosoides Baker)进行了研究。结果表明：药百合的染色体数目为2n=2x=24,带型公式为：2n=24=8C+4CI++2CI++2CN+4I++2I+T++2,单套染色体条带总数为20条。染色体A、E、H、J、K的着丝点区域和染色体F的短臂上显示出很强的带纹,染色体 A为随体染色体,具有明显的次缢痕带,染色体B的短臂上显示出3条强弱不同的带纹。通过Giemsa C带方法可以将药百合的每条染色体区分开,药百合C带带纹的这些特征将为其在杂交育种中后代的鉴定及特异基因的染色体定位提供可靠的依据。     

草鱼和团头鲂的核型及其C带带型的研究

采用用血淋巴细胞培养制备染色体和BSG 显带枝术,研究了草鱼和团头鲂的核型和C 带带型,草鱼、团头鲂都是2n=48,均有8对中部着丝点染色体,10对亚中着丝点和6对亚端着丝点染色体,它们在核型中除第9对染色体短臂有显著差异外,其余染色体形态很为相似,在C 带带型中,大多数染色体都具着丝点C 带,但它们各有特殊的带型,差异较大,草鱼有两对不同圆颗粒状带型亚中着丝点C 带染色体,并有6对短臂全深染的端位型亚端着丝点C 带染色体,还有两对在短臂C带与随体相联的染色体.团头鲂有的在同源染色体长臂间显示对称和不对称的两种插入型C 带,次缢痕位于第9对染色体短臂上,亦为C 带染色阳性,位于缢痕的裂隙内,无端位带,并对草鱼和团头鲂不同亚科的核型特征以及它们染色体与其物种进化的关系进行了初步讨论.     

大麦染色体C带与N带的研究

本文报道了栽培大麦早熟3号的 Giemsa C 带与 Giemsa N 带带型.C 带带型公式为2n=2x=14=2CIT+2CIT+2CIT+2CIT+2CI+T+2CI+TS+2CITS,共显32条带,可识别每一染色体及染色体臂;N 带带型公式为2n=2x=14=2CI+2CI+2CI+2CI+2CT+2CI+S+2CIS.C 带与 N 带有较大的差异.经过 C 带或 N 带分带处理的间期细胞核内有明显的、分散分布的染色中心,经改造的 C 带分带程序能使较多的带显示出来,具有重复性和成功率较高的优点。     

贵州产绿臭蛙核型,C—带和银带研究

本文报道贵州仁怀产绿臭蛙的核型、C—带和银带。其染色体数目为2n=26,NF=52,大型染色体5对(相对长度大于9％),小型染色体8对(相对长度小于7％)。第3、4、6、9四对为亚中部着丝粒染色体,其余为中部着丝粒染色体。各号染色体均有着丝粒区C带,3q和4q上有一条居间区C带(4q异态),2p有一条弱居间区C带。9q有一对标准NORs(异态)。本文还讨论了贵州与四川产绿臭蛙染色体核型、带型的异同。     

三港雨蛙的染色体组型及其C—带型的研究

本文采用骨髓细胞直接制备染色体标本法和BSG显带技术。观察三港雨蛙(H.sanchiangensis Pope)的染色体数目2n=24,NF=46,由7对中部着丝点染色体,4对亚中部着丝点染色体和1对亚端部着丝点染色体组成。在第9对染色体的长臂上有一对随体。未发现异型性染色体。C带除显示于所有的着丝点区外,在第2、5、8、10对染色体的长臂上还显示插入型C带,在第6、12对的短臂末端区显示末端C带。     

贵州7种负蝗核型和C带的比较

报道了贵州短额负蝗(Atractomorphasinensis),纺梭负蝗(A.burri),云南负蝗(A.yunnanensis),奇异负蝗(A.peregrina),令箭负蝗(A.sagittaris),柳枝负蝗(A.psittacina)和长额负蝗(A.lata)等7种负蝗的核型和C带。结果显示,7种负蝗的染色体数目均为2n(♂)=18+xo=19,全部是端部着丝粒染色体,核型公式:2n(♂)=2x=19t,NF=19,最长染色体都是X染色体,都属"4B"核型,都可按相对长度分成L、M两组,都具着丝粒C带,但端带和居间带不一定每种每条染色体都有,异染色质总量是短额负蝗的(42 12%)最多,长额负蝗的(18 23%)最少。     

黑龙江野生燕麦,栽培燕麦的核型分析及其比较研究

本文对黑龙江野生燕麦、栽培燕麦的染色体组型作了观察分析(图1,图3),绘制了它们的核型模式图(图2,图4)。并进行了二者核型间的比较研究,结果如下: 黑龙江野生燕麦与栽培燕麦的六倍体染色体数日皆为2n=6x=42。除No.1、No.3、No.6染色体黑龙江野生燕麦臂为“m”型而栽培燕麦皆为“sm”型之外、其余的18对染色体类型皆一一对应一致。黑龙江野生燕麦的核型公式为2n=6x=42=28m(2STA)+14sm。栽培燕麦的是2n=6x=42=22m+20sm。在黑龙江野生燕麦的No.3染色体一臂上可见一对明显的随体,而在栽培燕麦的核型分析中未发现有随体染色体。另外,黑龙江野生燕麦的核型类别为较原始的“2A”型,而栽培燕麦的核型类别是比“2A”型较进化的“2B”型。此外,在研究过程中,对如何才能得到分散度较高的染色体图相,也做了方法上的探讨。     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

玫瑰鲃脂鲤和红鳍银鲫的核型及银染和C-带研究

报道了玫瑰鲃脂鲤(Hyphessobrycon rosaceus)和红鳍银鲫(Puntius schwanenfeldi)的核型及银染和C-带.结果显示:两种热带淡水观赏鱼的2 n均为50.玫瑰脂鲤的核型公式为2 n=24 m 12 sm 10 st 4 t,NF=86,其染色体经快速银染后,在m9染色体的短臂末端出现银染位点,多数染色体的着丝点区均显示出一个深浅不同的C-带.红鳍银鲫的核型公式为2 n=22 m 14 sm 4 st 10 t,NF=86,银染点位于m1和m2染色体的短臂末端,多数染色体为着丝粒C-带.在两种鱼中发现均有Ag-NORs联合现象,未发现有异形性染色体.     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis, which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30. 2% ) and M. schevilli (20. 7% ), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54. 3 % ). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions ( NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of Cynoglossus semilaevis Günther, 1873

The C-banding pattern and nucleolar organizer regions of the metaphase chromosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis are reported. The interstitial regions in all chromosomes including the pair of sex chromosomes had positive C-bands, and the 6th and 12th pairs of chromosomes were entirely stained in most cases. Some chromosomes such as the 1st, 2nd, 7th, 8th, 9th and 10th pairs showed C-bands at centromeric or distal ends. The C-banding heretochromatin occupies 30.03% of the total chromosome surface in C. semilaevis,which is similar to that of amphibians such as Mixophyes fasciolatus (30.2%) and M. schevilli (20.7%), but is rather lower than that of cephalochordate Branchiostoma belcheri (54.3%). Silver staining revealed a single pair of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) located in the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2. The association of NORs with heterochromatin observed in vertebrates also occurs in C. semilaevis as the telomeric regions of Chromosome 2 are always stained positively with C-banding.     

草绿异色蝗的染色体C-带核型

报道了珍稀昆虫草绿异色蝗ＤｉｍｅｒａｃｒｉｓｐｒａｓｉｎａＮｉｕｅｔＺｈｅｎｇ）的染色体Ｃ－带核型．该种蝗虫（副模１）的核型为２ｎ＝２２＋ＸＯ，，全部染色体为端部着丝粒染色体，Ｃ带主要分布在着丝粒区，３号染色体具有端带，５号染色体Ｃ带带纹非常丰富     

贵阳地区蝗虫的染色体研究

本文报道了贵阳地区５科１６属２０种蝗虫的染色体研究结果：２０种蝗虫中除锥头蝗科２种负蝗的染色体数目为２ｎ（）＝１８＋ＸＯ＝１９外，其余都是２ｎ（）＝２２＋ＸＯ＝２３，但所有染色体都是端着丝粒染色体，都具有着丝粒Ｃ－带；所不同的是染色体长度，核型类型，Ｃ－带带纹及其总长度与染色体组长度的比值％等     

有瓣类二蝇种(Diptera:Sarco-phagidae and Calliphoridae)的细胞遗传学特征

研究了两个有瓣蝇种的细胞遗传学特征。结果表明:棕尾别麻蝇核型为2n=12,8M+2SM+2m,XX/XY,性染色体为微小的点状;C带主要分布于常染色体的着丝粒和次缢痕,性染色体Y普遍深染而X淡染;G带数(2n)为88条。铜绿蝇核型为2n=12,12M,XX/XY;常染色体以中央型C带为主,性染色体呈不同程度的深染;G带数(2n)为107条(雄)或110条(雌)。两蝇种染色体均存在多个随体,C带带型呈分散、杂合、多态或不稳定性。结合有关资料,探讨了有瓣蝇类演化的细胞遗传学机制。     

圆锥小麦高亲和种质的C带分析

采用改良Ｃ带技术对圆锥小麦和高亲种质矮兰麦的根尖细胞染色体进行了分析，矮兰麦体细胞具１４对染色体，非同源染色体之间，带的大小，强弱和分布不同。矮兰麦２ＡＬ和７ＡＳ染色体臂及７Ｂ染色体的带型与野生二粒小麦不同；矮兰麦３Ｂ，４Ａ，４Ｂ及７Ｂ染色体与普通小麦相应染色体的带型也有判别。     

泸定百合根尖染色体C-带分析

利用Giemsa C-带方法对泸定百合(Lilium sargentiae Wilson)进行了研究.结果表明:泸定百合的染色体数目为2n=24,每条染色体都显示出了可以明显区别的特征带;强带主要集中在染色体的着丝粒区域,在长短臂上也显示出可以相互识别的深浅不一的带纹.通过Giemsa C-带方法可以将泸定百合的每条染色体区分开.