碳原子线修饰电极对于对苯二酚电化学反应的催化作用

利用循环伏安法和强制对流法研究碳原子线修饰电极对于对苯二酚电化学反应的催化作用．与裸玻碳电极相比，碳原子线修饰玻碳电极在含有1mmoL／L对苯二酚的0．1mol／L HCl溶液中的循环伏安曲线上的氧化峰电位Epa负移了102．5mV，氧化峰电位Epc正移了143．3mV，氧化峰电流ipa和还原峰电流ipc分别增大6．3和11．0倍．强制对流法测得对苯二酚在碳原子线修饰电极上的电化学氧化反应的异相电子传递标准速率常数k^0比裸电极增加5．7倍，显示了该修饰电极非常高的电催化活性．     

碳原子线修饰电极对尿酸的电催化作用

通过循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法研究了碳原子线（CAW）修饰电极对尿酸电化学反应的催化作用.研究发现,在含有0.5 mmol/L尿酸的pH=6.8的0.1 mol/L PBS缓冲溶液中,尿酸在CAW修饰电极上的氧化峰电位比裸玻碳电极上的氧化峰电位负移0.049V,而氧化峰电流ipa比裸玻碳电极增加了3.96倍,说明碳原子线修饰电极对尿酸的电化学过程具有很好的催化作用.     

糠醛在碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为

采用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺分散碳纳米管（CNT）,制备碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极．运用循环伏安法和Tafel曲线法,研究了糠醛在碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为．实验结果表明：在浓度为0．1mol／L的磷酸盐缓冲溶液（pH6．8）中,碳纳米管修饰电极对糠醛具有良好的催化作用．在扫速为50-1000mV／s的范围内,糠醛的还原峰电流与扫速的平方根成良好的线性关系,表明糠醛在碳纳米管修饰电极上的氧化还原过程是受扩散控制的．在pH值为4-10的范围内,随着pH值的增大,糠醛的还原峰电位逐渐负移．通过Tafel曲线、峰电位与pH值的线性关系,计算得到电化学过程中参加反应的电子数为2,质子数为1,电极反应的电子转移系数为0．644．     

多巴胺在纳米金修饰微玻碳电极上的电化学行为研究

用电沉积的方式制备了纳米金修饰微玻碳电极 ,该修饰电极能分开多巴胺和抗坏血酸的氧化峰 .研究了溶液pH值、磷酸缓冲溶液浓度对多巴胺电化学行为的影响 .多巴胺氧化峰电流值与其浓度在 5× 10 - 6～ 1× 10 - 4mol/L范围内成线性关系 .     

环芬化合物膜修饰电极对8-氮鸟嘌呤的电催化研究

用循环伏安法在石墨碳电极上制备环芳化合物膜修饰电极 ,研究该修饰电极的性质及电催化性能。该电极在pH <9的PBS溶液中能稳定存在 ,膜的循环伏安图上有两对氧化还原峰 ,峰电位随pH值的增大而负移。在pH =7.9的PBS中 ,氧化峰电流与扫速平方根υ1/ 2 在 10 0～ 5 0 0mV·S-1范围内成正比 ,表明电荷在膜中的传递受扩散影响。在pH =7.9的弱碱性溶液中该修饰电极对 8-氮鸟嘌呤有明显的电催化作用 ,且有一质子和一电子参与反应。在 1.0× 10 -4～1.0× 10 -2 mol·L-1范围内峰电流与 8-氮鸟嘌呤浓度呈线性关系。     

电沉积咖啡酸玻碳修饰电极对抗坏血酸的催化氧化

在pH=7.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中采用电沉积技术将咖啡酸修饰于玻碳电极表面制备了一层稳定的薄膜,该修饰电极制备简单,稳定性良好.用循环伏安法研究了抗坏血酸在修饰电极上的电化学行为,其氧化峰电流与抗坏血酸的浓度和pH值有关,当pH值达到7.7时,抗坏血酸在修饰电极上的氧化峰电流最大,氧化峰电流与抗坏血酸浓度在4.0×10-5～2.0×10-2mol/L范围成良好的线性关系,检测限为1.0×10-5mol/L,方法简单、快速、准确,可应用于抗坏血酸药片的检测.     

聚灿烂甲酚蓝修饰电极的制备及电催化作用

在pH=6．69的PBS中灿烂甲酚蓝的循环伏安图上(扫描电位区间为-0．5V～0．5V)有一对氧化还原峰，峰电位分别为Ep.a=-0．24V和Ep.c=-0．35V。当扫描电位上限增至1．0V时，灿烂甲酚蓝发生电氧化聚合，最后在石墨碳电极上形成稳定的聚合物膜。该修饰膜电极的循环伏安图上亦有一对氧化还原峰，但峰电位分别正移至Ep.a=-0．050V和Ep.c=-0．125V，说明该聚合物不同于单体。同时该氧化峰，Ip.a与v^1/2成正比，说明电荷在膜中的传递为扩散控制。实验表明，亚硝酸盐能够在聚灿烂甲酚蓝膜修饰电极上被催化还原，黄嘌呤能够在聚灿烂甲酚蓝膜修饰电极上被催化氧化，且催化峰电流分别与亚硝酸根和黄嘌呤的浓度在一定范围内呈线性关系，可用于分析测定。     

NADH在环芬化合物修饰石墨电极上的电催化氧化

研究环芬化合物修饰电极的制备、电化学性质及对NADH的电催化作用.用光谱电化学法和红外等手段对修饰前后的环芬化合物进行了表征.循环伏安性质表明该修饰电极在pH《9的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中可稳定存在,且在0.1mol·L-1磷酸缓冲溶液(pH=6.80)中,-0.25～ 0.80V(vs.SCE)电位区间呈现两对氧化还原峰,其中第一对峰的式量电位EΘ'为 0.300V(vs.SCE),且EΘ'随pH值增加而负移,并算得该对峰的电子转移数和参与电极反应的质子数均为1.该修饰电极对NADH的氧化具有良好的催化作用,降低氧化过电位超过300mV;并求得在NADH存在下,电极扩散系数为1.4×10-6cm2·s-1,推测了NADH可能的电催化机理.NADH浓度在0.05～2.0mmol·L-1范围内与峰电流呈现良好的线性关系,可在此浓度范围内进行定量分析.     

芦丁修饰玻碳电极对烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸的电催化氧化

研究了芦丁修饰电极的制备、电化学性质及其对NADH的电催化作用.修饰电极在0.1mol/L磷酸缓冲溶液中(pH 7.0)于0.0- 0.50 V电位范围内呈现一对氧化还原峰,其式量电位(E0′)为 0.305V.在pH 5.0-8.0范围内,其式量电位随pH值变化的斜率为-56.95 mV/pH.电极反应为2电子伴随着2个质子参与的过程,表观电极反应速率常数(ks)为18 s-1.该修饰电极对NADH具有很好的催化氧化作用.NADH浓度在0.1-5.0 m mol/L范围内其浓度与峰电流呈现良好的线性关系.     

亚甲基蓝修饰玻碳电极的pH 响应和对抗坏血酸的催化氧化作用

在含亚甲蓝的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中,利用循环伏安法扫描,在经预处理的玻碳电极上形成了聚合物薄膜.薄膜具有较高电活性和稳定性,制备好的亚甲蓝修饰电极在磷酸盐缓冲溶液的循环伏安曲线峰电位随pH升高而向负电位方向移动.在pH 0.98～12的范围哪峰电位与pH值有两段很好的线性关系.大部分无机离子对峰电位没有干扰.重现性好.该电极对抗坏血酸(AA)的电化学氧化有催化作用,使其氧化电位负移了270mV并增大了氧化峰电流,氧化峰电流与抗坏血酸的浓度呈良好的线性关系.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.