海参内脏酶解制备海参肽工艺

以蛋白水解度和酶解液中海参肽相对分子质量的分布作为指标,考察不同蛋白酶的酶解效果,筛选水解海参内脏的最适合蛋白酶,并通过单因素实验和正交实验优化酶解工艺.实验结果表明:胰蛋白酶的水解效果最佳,可用于水解海参内脏制备海参肽;在底物质量分数为1.0%,加酶量为0.375 1 mkat·g^-1,pH值为8.0,酶解温度为37 ℃,水解时间为5 h的最优酶解条件下,海参内脏的水解度可达到48.90%,酶解液中的多肽(2 000~5 000 u)质量分数为52.68%,寡肽(含氨基酸)(≤2 000 u)质量分数为47.25%.     

酶法水解鸡肝的工艺研究

采用5种蛋白酶分别对鸡肝进行水解,以水解度为指标,通过单因素试验,对原料预处理方法、酶解温度、pH、酶用量(E/S)、底物浓度及酶解时间等酶解条件进行优化,确定了Alcalase、Neutrase、Protamex、Fla-vourzyme以及木瓜蛋白酶水解鸡肝的工艺条件.综合比较酶解产物的水解度、氮回收率、感官质量和胆固醇含量发现,Alcalase水解能力最强,且产物苦味较弱;而Flavourzyme所得水解产物感官质量最好,无苦味,且具有较好的鲜味;酶解产物中均不含胆固醇.优选Alcalase用于单酶水解鸡肝,通过正交实验优化确定其最佳水解条件为:温度60℃,pH值8.0,加酶量1.25%,水解时间2.5h,底物浓度7.5%.在此条件下所得酶解液水解度为52.62%,氮回收率为85.32%.     

Alcalase酶解蛋清粉制备抗凝血肽的工艺优化

采用Alcalase碱性蛋白酶酶解蛋清粉制备食源性抗凝血肽。结果表明:底物浓度过大会抑制水解度的增长,底物质量分数为1%时蛋白质完全水解后的产物抗凝血活性最佳;高温和低温均对水解度有影响,低温酶解产物的抗凝血活性较好;pH值对水解度的影响与Alcalase的最适pH值有关;pH值为7时,抗凝血活性最好;酶/底物浓度增大,但底物不变的情况下,对水解度的提高不明显,酶/底物浓度过大,导致抗凝血活性降低。考虑交互作用经试验优化设计确定的酶解最佳工艺参数为:底物质量分数为1%,酶解温度为50 ℃,酶/底物质量分数为5%,酶解pH为8。在该条件下水解2 h,凝血抑制率达到68.92%。     

鲢鱼下脚料营养组成及酶解条件的研究

以鲢鱼下脚料为原料,分析其营养组成成分,并采用木瓜蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶按1:1:1的比例(活力比)对其进行酶解实验,通过单因素试验、正交试验对其酶解工艺条件进行优化研究。结果表明:最佳混合酶水解鲢鱼下脚料的工艺条件为酶用量0.20%,温度45℃,pH6,时间3 h。通过方差分析表明,其中酶的用量对水解度影响差异显著(P<0.05)。     

大米蛋白水解条件的响应面法优化

运用响应面法优化大米蛋白酶法水解条件,提高大米蛋白水解度和提取率。本研究首先应用单因素实验法分析酶添加量、温度、pH值以及酶解时间对大米蛋白水解的影响;然后在单因素实验基础上,进一步采用Box-Behnken法进行实验设计,考察上述4个因素对大米蛋白水解度和蛋白质提取率的影响。研究结果表明最佳酶解条件为温度62℃,酶添加量2.5%,pH值8.2,酶解时间10.5h,此时大米蛋白的水解度可达到41.5%,蛋白质提取率可达93.1%。研究成果可为酶解制备可溶性大米蛋白肽的工业化应用提供参考。     

棉花秸秆纤维素酶水解的神经网络模拟优化及混合酶水解的协同作用

为了提高棉秆的还原糖产率,为新疆棉秆的糖化利用研究奠定一定的基础,本文选用酶解温度、纤维素酶用量、pH和水解时间为输入参数,还原糖产率为目标输出参数,在响应曲面设计实验的基础上,采用人工神经网络对H_2S_O4处理棉秆在纤维素酶中的水解过程进行模拟与优化,建立其神经网络模型(4-5-1),得到棉秆在纤维素酶中水解的最优条件为酶解温度45.32℃、纤维素酶用量434.23 FPU、pH 4.98和水解时间68.37 h,最优条件下还原糖产率最高,为72.93%;经过分析得知纤维素酶用量是影响棉秆酶解产糖的主要因素,当纤维素酶用量为150FPU,并向纤维素酶中添加125 IU木聚糖酶时,棉秆经混合酶酶解后的还原糖产率增大至92.42%,比纤维素酶酶解的还原糖产率提高了1.27倍。     

β-葡萄糖苷酶生物转化刺梨槲皮素糖苷的工艺优化

以不同来源的β-葡萄糖苷酶水解刺梨槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷和槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,探讨提高刺梨黄酮苷元释放能力的生物转化途径。以槲皮素含量与糖苷转化率为指标,采用高效液相色谱法对来源于嗜酸乳杆菌、木霉和杏仁的β-葡萄糖苷酶水解3种槲皮素糖苷的转化率及槲皮素含量进行动态监测,以酶解时间、酶解pH值、酶解温度和酶用量(酶与底物质量比)为单因素,考察各因素参数独立变化对指标的影响,再以Box-Behnken 方法研究各因素及其交互作用对转化率的影响,优化工艺条件。杏仁β-葡萄糖苷酶水解3种糖苷转化所得槲皮素含量最高,对不同底物的转化率由高到低依次为槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷(74.10%)、槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷(64.30%)、槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷(31.80%)。杏仁β-葡萄糖苷酶优化水解工艺条件为酶解时间28.90min,酶解pH值4.9,酶解温度52℃,酶用量0.08%。此条件下得到槲皮素-3-O-芸香糖苷转化率71.48%,槲皮素-3-O-鼠李糖苷转化率36.32%,槲皮素-3-O-葡萄糖苷转化率77.86%。     

废弃纤维材料的酶水解

采用纤柔酶(Cellusoft L)和苏宏抛光酶(Suhong Cellish L)进行废弃纤维素水解，从酶水解的机理出发，考虑酶水解的主要影响因素为温度、pH值、微量元素及底物浓度，并以酶解效率为主要指标设计了四因素三水平的正交实验。此外还研究了时间对酶解的影响，以及不同原材料的酶解情况。     

酶法制备鸡骨HAP的研究

采用不同蛋白酶对鸡骨进行水解制备动物水解蛋白(HAP).结果表明,胰酶、AS.1398中性蛋白酶和Alcalase具有较好的水解效果.通过正交试验,以水解度为指标确定胰酶的优化水解条件为:温度50℃,pH值8.5,酶和底物的比值(E/S)为0.75%,底物浓度5%,水解时间为60 min;AS.1398中性蛋白酶最适水解条件为:温度55℃,pH值7.5,E/S为3%,底物浓度5%,水解时间为60 min;Alcalase酶解的最适水解条件为:温度60℃,pH值8.5,E/S为1%,底物浓度5%,水解时间为60 min.     

文冠果降血压肽的制备及其活性研究

以文冠果蛋白为研究对象,采用酶解法制备文冠果蛋白酶解肽,并对其体外抗高血压活性进行研究。以水解度为指标确定酶解条件。蛋白水解物经超滤得到分子量为1k Da,1~5 k Da和5 k Da 3个区段的多肽组分,测定其对血管紧张素转化酶(Angiotensin Converting Enzyme,ACE)的抑制率。最佳酶解条件为:底物质量浓度40g/L,加酶量8%(质量分数)(碱性蛋白酶),酶解时间175 min,酶解温度55℃和酶解p H 9.0,此条件下水解度最高为22.97%;3种多肽组分中1k Da的ACE抑制率最高为83.43%,其半抑制浓度(50%inhibitory concentration,IC50)为0.394 mg/m L。文冠果蛋白酶解多肽具有显著的体外抗ACE活性,可作为降血压肽的开发原料。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that