板翅式换热器物流分配特性的实验研究

实验研究了板翅式换热器封头结构对物流分配特性的影响，研究结果表明，不合理的封头结构造成板翅式换热器内部物流分配极不均匀，封头结构和雷诺数是影响板翅式换热器物流分配的主要因素。首次提出了二次封头结构，定义了当量截面积和当量截面直径来描述封头结构特征。实验结果表明，通过改变封头的结构，可以有效地改善换热器内部的物流分配；封头结构对物流分配不均匀性的影响主要表现在出口截面的横向方向上，而对纵向方向上的物流分配不均匀性的影响较小。得到了不同封头结构的物流分配不均匀特性与雷诺数之间的关系式。     

等离子体发生器导流板结构优化研究

高效滤芯是空气净化器的关键部件,当空气净化器中流向高效滤芯部分的送风不均匀时,会导致滤芯利用率较低,从而影响滤芯的过滤性能.为提高滤芯的使用效率进而改善装置的净化性能,可以在风机和高效滤芯之间放置导流型等离子体发生器,利用发生器的导流板使送风气流更均匀的吹向滤芯.为探究适宜的导流板结构参数,采用数值模拟的方法对不同结构参数导流板下的流动过程进行分析,通过对比滤芯使用率和送风均匀性等指标,给出适宜的导流板长度和张开角度设计方案.研究结果表明,对于本文研究的净化器尺寸,导流板设计长度为100 mm、张开角度为10°时的送风更均匀.优化后的尾部导流板结构简单、设计合理、使用方便,分散了送风气流的方向,更有利于提高后端高效滤芯的利用率和使用寿命.     

二次封头结构板翅式换热器出口温度分布的实验研究

在对板翅式换热器内部物流分配不均匀研究的基础上，进一步研究了不同工况下二次封头结构换热器出口温度分布的规律．实验结果表明：随着Re的增大，换热器出口温度分布与流量分配趋势相一致，会越来越不均匀；较大的传热温差也会增加温度分布的不均匀性．通过比较二次封头和普通封头换热器截面温度分布情况发现：二次封头结构明显地改善了换热器出口截面温度分布，尤其在大RP下，温度分布不均匀性的改善效果更加显著，同时换热效能可增加7％左右．     

板翅式换热器导流片空气流场分布数值计算及实验验证

建立了板翅式换热器内导流片空气流场分布的非线性方程组模型．壁面摩擦和从小孔溢流导致压力在导流片内非恒定，流量沿流动方向变化．采用最速下降法解上述非线性方程组．数值计算表明，出口截面流量分布与实验结果基本相符，为导流片分配特性计算提供了可靠的理论依据和手段，可用于工业设计     

板翅式换热器两相流分配特性及实验研究

通过对板翅式换热器两相流分配特性的研究，从理论上分析了不均匀分配的影响因素，实验采用经过静态混合器与不经过静态混合器两种型式。结论是：板翅式换热器内部存在不均匀性；流型对两相流分配有一定影响；数值计算与实验值基本吻合。     

锅炉给水泵进水端内流场分析以及导流段优化研究

通过对某型600 MW电站锅炉给水泵进水端流场部分建立三维模型。在ANSYS12.0平台上采用CFX模块数值计算。研究结果表明:原型进水端出口处速度分布较不均匀,提出采用改变导流段分布和调整导流段角度这两种方式提升进水端水力性能。其中,采用调整导流段角度的方式进行优化设计在很大程度上提高出口处速度均匀性,从而提高泵体的整体水力性能。     

板翅式换热器封头内部流场的测量与改进研究

利用粒子图像测速仪（PIV），对板翅式换热器封头结构改进前、后的流场进行了可视化研究分析．实验结果表明，原始封头内部的物流分配存在严重的不均匀性，采用添加打孔挡板之后的改进型封头，流场的不均匀性有了很大的改善．从实验对比分析中得出，当挡板小孔呈错排分布、开孔率沿挡板的中轴线向两侧逐渐增加、且总开孔率达到509／6左右的时候，在相同的入口条件下，不均匀系数由原始封头的1．210降至0．209，最大流速与最小流速之比由23．163降至1．756．此研究结果对于板翅式换热器的优化设计具有重要意义．     

板翅式换热器入口结构内流场的数值模拟

利用PIV粒子图像测速仪和CFD数值模拟的方法,对板翅式换热器入口结构改进前后的流场进行实验测量和数值计算,获得入口结构内部不同剖面处的流场分布图,发现了流场的流动与分布规律,由于原始入口结构的不合理导致漩涡、回流等现象存在,使得其内部轴向以及径向的物流分配极不均匀．而对于在入口结构1／2高度处添加开孔分流板的改进型结构,不仅在换热器入口结构长度方向（z方向）上,而且在所测截面的y方向,物流分配的均匀性有了很大改善,流场分布更加合理．而且,实验结果和数值模拟结果相符合.     

特流分配的不均匀性对紧凑式换热器效能的影响

以一侧流体分配不均匀的换热器模型为基础,建立了物流分配不均匀性对换热器效能影响的数学模型,通过理论分析和计算,为研究换热器内部物流分配不均匀对其效能的影响提供了一种分析方法,该理论模型包括连续模型和离散模型2种形式,前者为研究物流分配不均匀引起换热器效能的下降提供了一种分析计算方法,后者为控制实验研究的精度提供了理论依据,研究结论对换热器的优化设计具有重要意义。     

板翅式换热器S弯改进型封头的性能研究

物流分配的不均匀性是导致板翅式换热器性能下降的主要因素。本文提出A、B、C 3种改进型的S弯封头结构,采用数值模拟方法,比较了原始封头和改进型封头出口流体分布的均匀性。结果表明,3种改进型封头物流分配的均匀性较原始封头都有很大程度的提高,其中绝对不均匀度和相对不均匀度的降幅均超过80.0%,极值比的降幅均超过40.0%。说明S弯改进型封头在降低物流分配不均匀性上很有成效,且C型封头在目前的工况下要优于其余的两种改进型结构。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that