富水砂层大断面暗挖隧道施工地层演化

对于施工环境复杂的暗挖隧道工程,科学合理掌握施工地层演化过程是安全施工的前提.以北京地铁12号线光熙门站—西坝河站区间富水砂层大断面暗挖隧道工程为研究背景,借助FLAC3D有限差分软件,对工程设计施工方案进行模拟,得到了施工过程中地层孔隙水压力、地层沉降损失演化过程,并与现场监测数据进行对比验证,为工程施工规避风险源提供参考.结果 表明:施工掌子面孔隙水压力集中位置主要在暗挖隧道上方注浆形成的"注浆拱"拱顶以及断面未注浆范围;隧道施工过程中,沿施工掘进方向在施工掌子面前、后10 m到掌子面位置范围内,是发生涌水关键位置;地层沉降值经历了由沿中轴线对称分布到集中在中轴线位置处的变化过程,最后沉降值沿中轴线对称分布,导洞1施工掌子面处地表沉降值稳定在12 mm左右;初期支护拱顶沉降以及拱脚水平收敛均分别在45、30 d达到稳定;现场反馈的施工信息与模型计算地层演化过程相吻合,计算结果可为富水砂层大断面暗挖隧道施工方案的选择提供参考.     

浅埋暗挖黄土隧道地层及围岩力学特性变化规律

以新建蒙华铁路运煤通道青化砭隧道为依托,埋设地层变位和围岩应力测试元件,对开挖时黄土地区大跨径浅埋隧道的地层及围岩力学特性变化规律进行了研究。结果表明：拱顶沉降和水平收敛变形可分为均匀变形阶段和稳定变形阶段,竖向地层沉降随埋深的增大先增大后减小;当工作面稳定时,横截面方向和轴线方向的水平位移超前影响距离分别为8m、15m。滞后和超前开挖时,周围土体横截面方向和轴向水平位移分别向隧道内侧和背离隧道方向发展;初期支护施做后,衬砌应力重新分布,仰拱压力增大,而左右拱腰压力不变。所得结论可为黄土地区浅埋暗挖大跨度隧道的设计和施工提供参考。     

浅埋暗挖隧道施工中纵向地表下沉的规律

在浅埋暗挖隧道施工中,地表沉降和拱顶下沉的信息可明显反馈围岩和初期支护的稳定状态,要实现信息化施工和控制施工中产生不利环境影响,必须了解和掌握地表沉降和拱顶下沉的变化趋势.基于南京地铁2号线钟灵街马群段浅埋暗挖隧道矿山法施工中地表沉降和拱顶下沉的实测资料,分析总结了相应条件下隧道施工中地表和拱顶下沉的大小和分布规律,得出浅埋暗挖隧道沿纵向开挖时对工作面前后的主要影响范围,分别为1.5D和3D(D为隧道跨度),变化趋势为缓慢下沉快速下沉收敛稳定;并根据滞后的拱顶下沉与地表下沉趋势的一致性,提出可以通过施工中纵向地表沉降的规律预测拱顶下沉的发展趋势.     

硬岩地层地铁暗挖车站施工过程力学分析

地铁暗挖车站因其埋深浅、开挖尺寸大,隧道围岩应力演化剧烈且复杂,塌方事故风险大,隧道支护设计面临极大挑战。为精细化模拟地铁暗挖车站分部开挖及初期支护全过程,以青岛地铁6号线海港路站为对象,建立三维数值模型,结合现场监测数据,研究硬岩地层暗挖大跨隧道施工过程力学特征。结果表明：拱部上导洞开挖造成围岩强度储备显著降低,引起拱顶及地表沉降量占最终值的54%和56%,左、右导洞开挖对应的拱顶围岩应力变化较小,引起拱顶沉降分别占最终值的30%和13%,直墙部等后续施工影响更小,从总体过程来看上导洞开挖对隧道沉降控制最为关键。全部贯通后,拱顶围岩强度储备值（K=3.1）高于其他部位,边墙围岩强度储备值（K=1.1）接近极限状态,从隧道各部位围岩强度储备角度上看,边墙最为关键需支护。总体上,地铁暗挖车站虽跨度大、埋深浅,但由于硬岩地层围岩强度高而几乎没有产生塑性区,锚喷格栅初期支护即可使隧道达到较高的稳定状态。     

富水强风化砂岩地层顶管隧道下穿既有铁路施工技术

为了解隧道下穿富水强风化砂岩地层施工对既有铁路的影响,依托某电缆隧道下穿广深铁路工程,通过理论分析、数值模拟与现场监测开展了相关研究,并分析了具体施工措施对隧道及地表变形控制的影响。结果表明：当不考虑地表列车荷载和地层富水时,开挖及顶进力为地表沉降、隧道变形的主要影响因素;当单独考虑列车荷载或地层富水弱化作用时,列车荷载会使得下穿段地表沉降和隧道拱顶沉降增大,而地层富水弱化对隧道进出口段沉降及下穿段底部隆起影响较大;当同时考虑列车荷载和地层富水时,隧道拱顶沉降及下穿段路基沉降均会大幅增加。对比分析现场监测、Peck公式预测和数值模拟计算结果,可知数值模拟结果与不考虑地层富水弱化时的Peck公式预测结果十分吻合,但由于其未考虑加固止水措施,地表沉降大于现场监测结果。电缆隧道下穿广深铁路现场施工严格执行现场监测和变形控制措施,将地表沉降值和隧道拱顶沉降值分别控制在6 mm和10 mm之内,隧道底部隆起控制在5 mm以下,可以保障项目的顺利实施与列车的运行安全,并为同类型工程提供一定的经验参考。     

地铁车站多工法施工的地层变形研究

以重庆交通轨道环线冉家坝地铁车站为工程依托,采用现场监控量测方法研究了双侧壁导坑法开挖、侧洞法开挖及明挖法施工下的地层变形规律。结果表明:3种工法下明挖法引起的地表沉降变形最小,双侧壁导坑法开挖次之,侧洞法引起的沉降变形最大;2种暗挖施工下初次开挖扰动引起的地层变形最大,占总沉降量的50%以上。分析隧道拱顶变形发现,变形过程可分为左导洞开挖后的快速沉降阶段、左右导洞开挖及时支护后的过渡变形阶段和临时支撑拆除后稳定变形阶段,且2种暗挖工法下的拱顶变形曲线均可由指数函数拟合。     

黄土地铁隧道施工围岩及地表变形规律研究

以西安地铁3号线某暗挖站区间双线地铁隧道施工为背景,采用有限差分软件FLAC3 D建立土体三维力学模型对双线地铁隧道台阶法施工过程进行动态模拟;并结合现场实测数据分析台阶法施工引起的地铁隧道围岩及地表变形规律。结果表明:(1)台阶法施工诱发的横向地表沉降呈"V"形,最大地表沉降出现在隧道中线偏右方约3 m,最终形成的沉降槽宽度约为隧道洞径的2倍。(2)台阶法施工诱发的纵向地表沉降在开挖面前地表沉降量最大,随着开挖掌子面距离越远,沉降量越小,最后在开挖进尺40 m附近趋于稳定。(3)隧道拱顶纵向沉降曲线与地表沉降变化趋势基本一致。帮部围岩变形呈现出先快速增长后逐渐平稳的趋势,且影响范围逐渐增大。所得结论可为双线地铁隧道施工和变形预测提供参考。     

黄土地铁隧道施工围岩及地表变形规律

以西安地铁3号线某暗挖站区间双线地铁隧道施工为背景,采用有限差分软件FLAC3 D建立土体三维力学模型对双线地铁隧道台阶法施工过程进行动态模拟;并结合现场实测数据分析台阶法施工引起的地铁隧道围岩及地表变形规律。结果表明:(1)台阶法施工诱发的横向地表沉降呈"V"形,最大地表沉降出现在隧道中线偏右方约3 m,最终形成的沉降槽宽度约为隧道洞径的2倍。(2)台阶法施工诱发的纵向地表沉降在开挖面前地表沉降量最大,随着开挖掌子面距离越远,沉降量越小,最后在开挖进尺40 m附近趋于稳定。(3)隧道拱顶纵向沉降曲线与地表沉降变化趋势基本一致。帮部围岩变形呈现出先快速增长后逐渐平稳的趋势,且影响范围逐渐增大。所得结论可为双线地铁隧道施工和变形预测提供参考。     

中洞法连拱隧道施工稳定性分析及优化

针对中洞法连拱隧道暗挖施工的稳定性问题,依托广州大道中站工程实例,综合分析了开挖过程拱顶沉降、底部变形、洞周收敛、初支结构应力、中隔墙应力以及地表沉降等指标的动态响应特征,总结了不同工艺参数下隧道变形规律,结果表明:拱顶沉降最大值和最大沉降速率以及底部隆起最大值均在后行洞,而先行洞洞周收敛值最大,为1.59 mm;侧洞...     

富水软弱破碎带大断面隧道施工渗流影响及控制效果分析

依托某大断面隧道工程为背景,通过数值模拟并结合现场实测方法研究了隧道不同埋深条件下拱顶沉降、水平收敛、整体围岩应力和塑性区分布规律,并在此基础上,又对隧道在富水条件下的孔隙水压力进行了探讨。结果表明:拱顶沉降、水平收敛位移与水位高度呈正相关,埋深对水平位移影响较小,但影响范围增大;且随着隧道埋深的增加,拱顶沉降和水平收敛位移将在与破碎带间隔10m左右开始呈“瀑布式”增长;围岩应力随埋深和水位高度呈线性增长,其最大值集中在在拱腰处,最大达到1.34MPa,增长速率受水位高度影响更大;塑性区主要分布在隧道两侧,但随着埋深增加,拱顶也出现少量塑性区,这对拱顶的稳定是十分有利的;隧道周围孔隙水压力与埋深和地下水位高度呈正相关。该项研究可为提升大断面隧道穿越断层破碎带施工提供有益的借鉴和参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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