BCK—代数中对偶理想的分解

有界BCK-代数的一个子集D叫做一个对偶理想,如果它满足(1)1∈D;(2)N(Ny*Nx)∈D和x∈D蕴涵y∈D,x,y∈X.X的一个对偶理想D有一个既约(质)分解,如果D是有限多个既约(质)对偶理想的交。本文证明下述结果:如果有界BCK-代数X的每一个对偶理想是有限生成的,则X的每个对偶理想有一个既约分解;如果有界BCK-上半格的每个对偶理想是有限生成的,则X的每个对偶理想有一个质分解.     

关于BCK—代数簇的一个问题

对W.H.Cornish提出的问题"关联BCK-代数簇是不是2-基的"给出一个肯定的回答:(2,0)型代数〈X;*,0〉是关联(BCK-代数,当且仅当它满足(1)x*(0*y)=x;(2)(x*z)*(x*y)=((y*z)*(y*x)x(x*y)).所以(1)和(2)是关联BCK-代数簇的一个3变量的极小等式基.     

GB代数的同态定理

本文对GB代数作了进一步研究,所得的主要结果为:定理2 设为GB代数,令G(X)={x_∈X|存在y∈X,使得x=y″},则是群伴代数且(X;*,e>∽.定理4 若是GB代数,令B(X)={x∈X|x″=e},那么为群伴代数且∽,这里Vx,y∈X,x～y当且仅当x*y,y*x∈B(X).     

具有条件(S)的BCK-代数的分解

本文讨论了具有条件(S)的正关联BCK-代数关于。半群的分解问题,指出这种分解与一般理想分解是一致的,同时得到具有条件(S)的关联BCK-代数X的某些结构问题,如:X若有限,则|X|=2″;两个有限的具有条件(S)的关联BCK-代数同构当且仅当它们阶数相等。     

闭理想与周期零对称BZ-代数

引入周期BZ-代数和BZ-代数的周期部分概念,研究了闭理想和周期零对称BZ-代数的关系。得到如下主要结果:设(X;*,0)为零对称BZ-代数,P(X)={x∈X:x<∞}。则P(X)为X的闭理想;(零对称BZ-代数)X为周期BZ-代数的充要条件是X中的每一个理想都是闭理想;X/P(X)为非周期P-半单BC I-代数。     

正则与LR—BCI—代数

在作者已研究的正则BCK—代数结果的基础上,本文继续讨论正则BCI—代数,并进一步引进LR—BCI—代数的概念,得到了一些有意义的结果。定理1 设是BCI—代数簇{:α∈I}的积代数,那么,X正则的充分必要条件是每一个X_α都是正则的。定理2 设X是BCI—代数.如果X是正则的,那么,X的任意商代数也是正则的。定理3 每一个可解优BCI—代数都是正则的。     

L-BCK代数与L′-BCK代数的一些性质

A.Grzaslewicz为了确定BCK-代数嵌入定向可换BCK-代数的必要条件,于1980年提出了Γ-BCK代数的概念,并证明了正关联BCX-代数,定向可换BCK-代数是Γ-BCK代数(见〔1〕).我们为了寻求比正关联BCK-代数,定向可换BCK-代数更为广泛的Γ-BCK代数,在〔2〕中建立了L-BCK代数与L＇-DCK代数的概念,证明了这两种BCK-代数都是Γ-BCK代数,而正关联BCK-代数,定向可换BCK-代数都是L-BCK代数的特例.     

局部凸空间中的半连续映射

文中得到如下结果: 定理1 设1)X是Z的不空凸子集,K∈2~Z;2)g:X×X→Z使得X_(λg)是u·s·c;3)对于任一x∈X,集Ex是不空凸的,如果X是紧的,则有x∈X使g(x,x)∈K。 定理2 设i)定理1的条件中的设1)、2)被满足,但以g1代g;ii)有紧集M X,使得对于任一x∈X,{y∈M/g1(x,y)∈K}是不空凸的。如果X是拟完备的,则有x∈X使g(x, x)∈K。 定理3 设i)定理1条件中的设1)、2)、3)被满足;ii)X是拟完备闭的。如果有紧集M∈2~Z及α∈X°,使得对于任一x∈X,恒有满足(9)的y∈M。则有x∈X使得g(x,x)∈K。     

BCI-代数的BCK-部分与广义结合BCI-部分

我们知道,任一BCI-代数中都含有一个BCK-部分,它本身是个子代数,也是理想,并且在对BCI-代数的研究中扮演着一个重要角色。与此类似,我们在BCI-代数中引进广义结合BCI-部分的概念。本文将证明任一BCI-代数X的广义结合BCI-部分实际上就是它的所有极小元所成的集合,而且构成X的一个子代数,但不一定是理想。进而我们又在一般的BCI-代数中讨论了BCK-部分与广义结合BCI-部分之间的关系;最后又给出了当广义结合BCI-部分是理想时,它与BCK-部分之间的关系。     

BCK-代数的模糊点正定关联理想(英文)

引入了BCK-代数的模糊点正定关联理想的概念,并给出了恰当的例子,给出了BCK-代数的模糊点理想与模糊点正定关联理想之间的关系;获得了BCK-代数的模糊点正定关联理想的若干等价条件,证明了模糊点正定关联理想(模糊点理想)在满同态下的逆象仍为模糊点正定关联理想(模糊点理想).     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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