试论佛源外来词汉化的步骤

东汉时期佛教开始传入中土,在佛教逐步由印度佛教发展成为中国佛教的大背景下,大量佛源外来词被译借到汉语中以后,从词形到意义都受到汉语词汇规律的制约,逐步成为汉语词汇的组成部分。这一过程,我们称之为佛源外来词的汉化,一般有“双音化”、“意译化”、“定型化”、“多义化”、“世俗化”、“词素化”等步骤,具体一个佛源外来词可以经历多种步骤,但不一定要经历以上每一种步骤。     

谈外来词的汉化

在现代汉语外来词的研究中,外来词的汉化是一个值得重视的问题。外来词汉化研究的成果,不仅可以丰富比较语言学的内容,而且对外来词的规范化也有一定的指导作用。什么是外来词的汉化?一种外语的词一旦被汉语吸收,它就得按照汉语的特点和需要进行改造,从而成为汉语词汇中的成     

现代汉语英源外来词的译借

外来词是跨文化交际的产物,是现代汉语词汇的一个重要组成部分。英语词汇作为现代汉语外来词的主要词源,使用日趋频繁。以《现代汉语词典》收集的英源外来词为语料,探讨了现代汉语英源外来词的译借方式,汉化及其影响。     

试论英语外来词的汉化翻译

从英语外来词汉化翻译的主要形式出发,阐述英语外来词的汉化翻译受现代汉语语言特点的规约,并探讨汉语吸收外来词过程中潜在的语言认知心理,以期更好地理解和吸收英语外来词。     

缠枝婴戏图世俗化研究

缠枝婴戏图浮雕是宗教在传入中国以来经过与我国传统文化的长久融合,由原本的外来宗教向汉化佛教转变过程中出现的石刻艺术作品。宋代,佛教世俗化景象进入非常成熟的时期,不管是宗教理念或教义,还是宗教艺术的表现,都渗透着世俗化的元素。本文通雕所蕴含的历史文化。     

汉语对新时期外来词语的同化与融合

随着经济的迅猛发展，大量外来词语涌入国门，有专家学者认为我们汉语西化了，也有人认为是英语对我们汉语“渗透”了，我们则认为汉语以她的大度、宽容接纳了它们，并且将它们同化乃至融合。具体体现：（一）外来词语译字的汉化，表现在外来词语译字的语素化；（二）外来词原型的汉化。表现在原型的拼音化；构词规则的汉化；词型的汉化。本文针对这些现象进行了分析，用以证明不是我们汉语西化了，而是我们汉语把外来词同化了、汉化了。外来词语丰富了我们汉语词汇，但在丰富的同时也存在一个规范问题，如何规范是我们要长期做下去的一个课题。     

从庄严寺观到扰攘市井——《三言二拍》寺庙道观的世俗化特征

在《三言二拍》中，有大量关于佛道题材的描写，其中对于佛道两教的宗教场所寺庙道观，也相应有很多显现。而小说中的寺庙道观，也已逐渐由传统的精神寄托的有崇高感的场所，变成了信徒与众生相交相与进行各种活动和僧尼道士们满足自身欲望的场所。寺观庙宇与人们的世俗生活密切相关，被用作读书场所、避难所、旅馆等。《三言二拍》中寺庙道观的世俗化倾向是宋明以来宗教世俗化的折射，也是明中晚期社会思潮在作品中的反映。     

试论几个佛教词语的本土来源

佛教对中国文化的影响既深且远,表现之一就是汉语中产生了大量反映佛教观念义理发的词汇。但这些通常被视为外来词的词汇中,其实有一部分在佛教输入中国之前就已经存在于典籍之中。通过对这些词汇来源的考辩,还原它们的本来面目,进而审视传统学界对外来词的判定标准,强调了词语意义对于判断外来词的重要性。     

浅析现代汉语中的英源外来词

外来词是语言发展中的一种普遍现象,近现代汉语中的英源外来词展现反映了中国的现代化国际化的发展趋势。英源外来词被广泛认同可以分为四类:音译词、意译词、音意兼译词和字母词。     

汉语外来语素成因探析

外来词演变为外来语素是外来词在汉化过程中产生的一种现象,这种现象是在文明、开化的社会环境下产生的。外来语素的形成,不但充实、丰富了汉语语素系统,而且为我们提供了研究语言和社会共变的新窗口,它是测试语言本质和弹性度的试金石。学界虽已开始关注此现象,但对其成因研究仍甚少,所以,对此做初步探讨以推进汉语外来语素研究在目前是十分必要的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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