新型高铝锌金挤压铸造的研究

挤压铸造可细化Ｚｎ－Ａｌ４３型合金的铸态组织、减轻枝晶偏析，大幅度提高其力学性能，抗拉强度提高４０～８０％（１００～１５０ＭＰａ），延伸率提高至１０％以上，合金的耐磨性亦进一步提高，挤压铸造对合金组织的影响与凝固冷却速度的加快以及合金的平衡凝固温度升高有关。合金塑性、韧性显著改善的首要原因是枝晶间显微缩孔的消除，而合金强度的提高则主要是过饱和固溶体中的脱溶过程导致沉淀硬化与分散硬化的结果。     

机械振动对挤压铸造A356铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了挤压铸造过程中机械振动对A356铝合金材料显微组织与力学性能的影响规律,并对机械振动击碎枝晶的作用机理进行了阐述。结果表明:施加机械振动能够有效地消除材料缩松缩孔及断面裂纹,减少甚至消除挤压铸造铝合金铸锭的微观孔洞,细化晶粒组织,使得组织更加均匀;挤压铸造凝固初期,机械振动能够在很大程度上破碎二次枝晶臂,增加材料的形核率;试验值与理论值的对比分析表明,Kirkwood模型具有更高的精度;机械振动能够提高材料的力学性能,相较于重力铸造与无振动挤压铸造而言,所得铸件的抗拉强度与延伸率均有一定提高.     

细晶铸造IN718C合金显微组织对持久性能的影响

探讨了晶粒度为ASTM 3～5级的细晶铸造IN718C合金的显微组织对持久性能的影响．通过分析细晶材料的持久断口和显微组织，发现该合金与普通铸造材料不同的是 细晶材料的持久断裂主要为沿晶断裂形式，其碳化物、Laves相和tex0\delta$相主要分布在晶界； 细晶材料在不同铸态枝晶组织中晶界上碳化物和Laves相都有降低材料持久性能的倾向．     

深过冷Cu-20Wt%Pb亚偏晶合金的凝固行为

采用熔融玻璃净化和循环过热相结合的方法，使Cu-20wt％Pb亚偏晶合金获得了208K的深过冷，在宽过冷范围内研究了Cu-Pb亚偏晶合金的组织演化规律。结果表明，过冷合金熔体初生相为α(Cu)，在0～146K的过冷度范围内，均有两次再辉现象；在183～208K的过冷范围内，只出现一次再辉。当△T≤98K时，合金凝固组织为粗大枝晶α 枝晶间Pb相；当116K△≤T≤146K时，凝固组织已无明显的枝晶形貌，组织由细密α基体 细小的Pb颗粒组成；当△T≥183K时，凝固组织与中等过冷度下的组织相似，只是Pb相更细小，分布更均匀。当△T≥133K时试样出现裂纹。     

液态Fe—Sb合金中枝晶生长规律研究

液态Fe-10％Sb合金在熔融玻璃净化和自由落体实验条件下,分别达到429K（0．24TL）和568K（0．32TL）过冷度．深过冷并没有改变合金的相组成,快速凝固组织中只有αFe单相固溶体．熔融玻璃净化实验研究发现,αFe枝晶生长速度随过冷度呈指数函数变化．当过冷度△T〈296K时,枝晶生长速度随过冷度增大而升高,并在296K过冷度处达到极大值1．38m／s．若合金过冷度进一步增大,αFe枝晶生长速度则呈现降低趋势．枝晶生长形态演变的主要规律是,小过冷条件下αFe相以粗大枝晶方式生长,而深过冷合金熔体中形成蠕虫状枝晶．溶质截留程度主要取决于实际枝晶生长速度而不是过冷度大小,同时也与冷却速率相关．由于其结晶温度间隔比较宽大,尽管快速枝晶生长显著抑制了溶质偏析,但是Fe-10％Sb合金仍难以实现完全无偏析凝固．     

强磁场下Cu-25%Ag合金的凝固行为

研究了强磁场对Cu-25%Ag(质量分数)合金凝固组织的影响,分析了不同磁场条件对合金凝固组织的作用机理.研究发现,均恒磁场和梯度磁场对合金的凝固组织有重要影响,改变了富Cu枝晶形貌和尺寸,无磁场条件下初生富Cu枝晶分布不均匀,一次枝晶比较长且粗大,枝晶主要以柱状枝晶为主;在12 T磁场条件下,富Cu枝晶分布比较均匀,一次枝晶变短、粗化,枝晶主要以胞状枝晶为主;在负梯度磁场条件下,富Cu枝晶分布不均匀,在试样下部,树枝晶减少,以小平面方式生长的粗大胞晶为主.通过实验研究表明,利用均恒强磁场控制Cu-Ag合金凝固组织,细化晶粒、减小偏析是具有可行性的.     

高压凝固Al—17Zn-1．5Mg合金组织与显微硬度

利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计对常压及6GPa高压下凝固的Al-17Zn-1．5Mg合金的组织和显微硬度进行了研究。结果表明,Al-17Zn-1．5Mg合金在常压凝固条件下,由α-A1相和MgZn2相组成,其中α—Al相长成粗大的枝晶,大量针状第二相位于枝晶间位置,相互连接形成网络状。当该合金在6GPa高压下凝固时,枝晶组织显著细化,第二相尺寸减小、数量减少,形态变成点粒状。合金高压凝固后,显微硬度增加了21％。     

Al-La合金不连续枝晶组织形成机理

在Al-La合金的自由凝固试样中,发现Al-35%La合金组织形貌的特殊性,其先结晶相Al11La3枝晶沿主干方向成分是不连续的. 为验证这种组织存在的真实性,采用定向凝固方法制备了不同冷却速度下的Al-35%La合金试样,结果显示出定向凝固Al-35%La合金中Al11La3枝晶沿主干方向成分是不连续的. 在此基础上,分析了化学成分与凝固速度对Al-La合金组织的影响,并初步探讨了这种不连续枝晶的形成机理.     

压力对A380铝合金的铸造组织和力学性能的影响

对A380铝合金进行了挤压铸造成型和传统重力铸造成型,并制得试样.采用偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、定量金相分析、拉伸性能测试等手段,研究在不同压力下挤压铸造A380铝合金的铸造组织和力学性能.结果表明:当压力在0~75MPa范围内时,随着压力的增加,一次枝晶臂尺寸和气孔率得到大幅下降,共晶组织体积分数增加;二次枝晶臂间距减小;针状富铁β-Al5FeSi相尺寸大幅度减小,同时有部分汉字状α-Al8(Fe,Mn)3Si2相生成.当压力在75~100MPa范围内时,压力继续增加对合金组织细化、第二相形貌改善和力学性能提高的作用不明显.挤压铸造试件与重力铸造试件相比,气孔率减小,显微组织细化,力学性能显著提高.当压力为75MPa时,挤压铸造A380铝合金的铸态抗拉强度和伸长率分别比重力铸造提高19%和65%.     

ZA—27耐磨合金的悬浮铸造

ZA—27合金铸件很容易产生底缩。根据黑色金属中应用的悬浮铸造的作用原理,我们探讨了悬浮铸造对ZA—27合金中存在的比重偏析和底缩、以及对合金组织及性能的影响.结果表明,悬浮铸造可显著降低铸件各部位的密度差,减轻甚至消除底缩.悬浮铸造使合金的枝晶组织细化,冲击韧性提高40％,耐磨性提高了11—13％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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