一种产氢产乙酸菌互营共培养体的筛选及其群落结构解析

厌氧消化系统中的产氢产乙酸菌在营养生态位上位于产酸发酵菌群和产甲烷菌群之间,在功能上起着承上启下的重要作用.该菌群具有与耗氢菌互营共生的特性,其分离纯化非常困难.为了深入了解其生理生态特性,为开发高效的厌氧生物处理技术提供理论基础,采用丙酸和丁酸混合培养基,以具有甲烷发酵功能的厌氧活性污泥为出发菌群,进行了产氢产乙酸菌互营共培养体的选育,并借助于PCR-DGGE技术对其菌群结构进行了解析.经过选择培养基的不断传代培养,最终筛选到2个产氢产乙酸互营共培养体7-m-2a和11-O-1.这2个共培养体不仅对丙酸和丁酸具有很强的降解和产乙酸能力,而且不产甲烷和硫化氢.在这种非产甲烷菌和非硫酸盐还原菌与产氢产乙酸菌组成的互营共培养体中.含有专性的互营产乙酸菌Desulfotomaculum sp.Iso-W2及其伴生菌,其中的伴生菌是能利用甲酸盐和H2/CO2的Uncultured bacterium 054E12_B_DI_P58和Sedimentibacter sp.JN18_A14_H.对这一新的产氢产乙酸菌互营共培养体的发现和选育成功,为更全面地研究产氢产乙酸菌的生理生态特性提供了样本.     

光合菌群利用丁酸产氢的初步研究

对影响光合茵群利用丁酸产氢的主要因子:初始细胞浓度、温度、初始pH值、光照强度和丁酸浓度进行了研究.结果表明,光合茵群在初始细胞浓度0.2～O.3 g/L,温度30~40℃,PH 6.0～9.0,光照强度2000～8000 Lx,丁酸浓度6～30 mmol/L的范围内均可以保持较高的产氢效率.当初始细胞浓度为0.3 g/L、温度30℃、初始PH 7.0、光照强度为4000 Lx、丁酸浓度为30 mmol/L时该光合茵群具有最大产氢量364 mL,最大产氢效率5.4 mol-H_2/mol-丁酸和最大产氢速率22.2 mL/L/h.     

初始pH对木薯酒精废水高温厌氧产氢的影响

通过间歇实验,考察了初始pH(4.0～10.0)对木薯酒精废水高温(60℃)厌氧产氢的影响.结果表明,初始pH 6.0为高温厌氧产氢的最佳值,累积产氢量为383 mL,单位基质产氢量为70 mL·g-1.挥发性有机酸(VFA)和乙醇的总量随着pH的升高而升高,乙酸的含量越来越大,但丁酸始终占优势.接种污泥在90℃的水浴中加热1 h不能有效地抑制产甲烷菌和同型产乙酸菌的活性,当初始pH 在6.0～10.0时,发现不同程度的氢消耗,并且在初始pH 9.0和10.0时,发酵末期均检测到甲烷.发酵过程中对底物变化的跟踪分析表明,氢气主要在丁酸生成过程中产生,与乙酸关系不大.     

厌氧活性污泥发酵制氢系统中的同型产乙酸菌及耗氢作用

 在对连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)发酵产氢系统中的活性污泥进行分子生物学分析,判断系统中有同型产乙酸菌存在的基础上,通过活性污泥的间歇培养试验,探讨了同型产乙酸作用对活性污泥发酵系统产氢效能的影响.结果表明,CSTR发酵产氢系统的活性污泥中,一种隶属真杆菌属(Eubacterium)的同型产乙酸菌在活性污泥微生物群落中达到了优势程度;以葡萄糖为底物时,同型产乙酸菌的耗氢代谢,可使厌氧活性污泥对葡萄糖的氢气转化率及产氢率分别降低31%和34%,耗氢速率可达0.33mmol/(g·d).     

一株产氢产乙酸菌的生长条件及产乙酸特性

在参与有机废水厌氧生物处理的各类微生物菌群中,产氢产乙酸菌群在功能生态位上起着承上启下的作用,对产氢产乙酸过程的强化,将有助于提高厌氧生物处理系统的效能。在前期研究中,通过丙酸和丁酸混合培养基,从厌氧活性污泥中筛选到一株双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterim)的产氢产乙酸菌AX3。间歇培养试验结果表明,菌株AX3可在pH7.0、30℃条件下获得最佳增殖,不仅对丁酸和丙酸具有很高的乙酸转化率,同时也可发酵多种双糖和淀粉,并产生一定数量的乙酸。作为氮源,氯化铵比尿素更能有效地促进菌株AX3的增殖。     

UASB生物制氢反应系统生物强化作用研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以糖蜜废水为底物,利用厌氧活性污泥发酵产氢.向反应器中投加高产氢微生物产酸克雷伯氏菌HP1,探讨了生物强化作用对反应器产氢能力的影响.研究表明:在污泥接种量为30.0 gVSS/L、启动负荷为6.0 kgCOD/(m3·d)、水力停留时间(HRT)为9 h、投菌量为3%的条件下对生物制氢系统进行强化,可使反应系统产氢能力提高25%,并形成丁酸型发酵产氢,液相末端发酵产物中丁酸和乙酸的含量占挥发酸总含量的63%以上,气相中氢气含量在40%～52%之间,最大产氢量达4.52 L/d.     

厌氧接触发酵制氢反应器的启动和运行特性

以稀释糖蜜为底料,探讨了厌氧接触反应设备用于连续流发酵制氢的可行性,考查了其启动运行特性.以污水好氧生物处理系统的剩余污泥为种泥,反应器在污泥接种量9.3 g(MLVSS)/L、进水COD 5 000 mg/L、HRT 8 h和系统温度(35±1)℃等条件下启动,30 d后达到稳定运行状态,乙醇和乙酸之和的质量百分数,占液相末端发酵产物总量的69.8%,呈现典型的乙醇型发酵特征.在稳定运行阶段,系统的pH值、碱度、氧化还原电位分别维持在4.8,460 mg/L,-305 mV左右,平均产气速率和产氢速率分别达到33.2和13.4 L/d.厌氧接触发酵制氢反应设备,呈现出良好的产氢性能和运行稳定性.     

氢分压对种间氢转移的影响

在厌氧消化的产氢产乙酸阶段,从反应动力学来看,在标准生理状态下的ΔG°′均为正值,表明丙酸丁酸以及乙醇的产氢产乙酸是不能进行的。然而,在产甲烷的作用下,通过产氢产乙酸菌和产甲烷菌间的种间氢转移,体系中的氢分压大为降低,使整个消化过程得以顺利进行。文章以产氢产乙酸作用和产甲烷作用的热力学反应为基础,分别导出它们的自由能与氢分压的关系,分析了氢分压对种间氢转移的影响,得出两类菌群间种间氢转移的理论氢分压范围。进而引入细胞代谢最小能量子概念,对理论氢分压进行修正,得出沼气发酵适宜的理论氢分压范围和最佳氢分压。     

上流式厌氧污泥床处理豆制品废水

上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)中温(35℃)处理豆制品废水(pH3.5～4.0)的最高COD负荷率、最高产气率、最高表面液体和气体上流速率分别达到了20.1g/L·d、10.6L/L·d和12m/d.COD去除率为90％,甲烷含量为55％。反应器内生物量以颗粒污泥形式存在,直径1.0～3.0mm不等。颗粒污泥中发酵性细菌、产氢产乙酸细菌、乙酸裂解产甲烷菌、氧化氢的产甲烷菌和利用甲酸的产甲烷菌数量分别为1.4×10~(12)、0.7×10~9、1.8×10~9、1.6×10~9、0.9×10~5个/mL.与甲烷毛发菌(Methanoseata)相类似的丝状菌是颗粒污泥中的优势产甲烷菌。     

同型产乙酸菌株CA3及其发酵葡萄糖产乙酸条件优化

 同型产乙酸菌纯培养物的获得,可为研究其在厌氧生物处理系统中的生理生态功能以及生产化工溶剂乙酸提供种质资源。以CO₂为碳源,采用改良Hungate厌氧技术,从厌氧活性污泥中分离得到一株同型产乙酸菌CA3。该菌株为严格厌氧,卵形,G⁺,可利用H₂/CO₂产乙酸,也能发酵葡萄糖、果糖等产生乙酸。16SrRNA基因序列比对及系统发育树构建结果表明,CA3隶属Blautia sp.。菌株CA3能在20~45℃的温度范围内生长,最适生长温度为35℃,最适初始pH值为8.0。在最适条件下,菌株CA3利用H₂/CO₂产乙酸速率可达8.92mg/(L·h);以酵母粉作为氮源发酵葡萄糖时,发酵体系的乙酸浓度可达1370mg/L。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with