公路隧道竖井纵向式通风探讨

介绍了公路隧道竖井通风方式的分类和特点，探讨了竖井纵向式通风形式的机理，指出对于双向交通隧道宜采用合流型集中排风式；对于单向交通隧道应采用分流型集中排风式或送排式，对于特长隧道，可以采用数个竖井的送排式通风。     

公路隧道通风空气交叉污染三维数值分析

在公路隧道的竖井送、排式纵向通风以及小近距隧道通风时，会出现排出的污染空气被吸入到邻近的竖井或隧道中的交叉污染，影响了隧道通风的效果。应用CFD（Computational Fluid Dynamics）技术对竖井送、排风口以及两个隧道洞口的空气交叉污染进行了详细的数值模拟分析。结果表明，竖井送、排风口和两个隧道间的污染随着送、排风口高差（或隧道出、入口纵向距离）及横向间距的增大逐渐减小。建议：在进行隧道通风设计时，竖井送、排风口轴线间距不小于50m，风口高差不小于5m；两隧道洞口轴线间距不小于40m，纵向距离不小于50m。     

强制通风空浴式翅片管送风方式优化

基于FLUENT模拟研究底送顶排、顶送底排、侧送顶排、侧送底排四种送风方式对液化天然气（liquefied natural gas, LNG）空浴式翅片管气化性能的影响,采用Lee模型研究管内LNG的相变气化过程,结合管内流体温度变化分析单根翅片管气化性能受送风方式和送风速度的影响。结果表明：侧送风时翅片管周围出现低风速边界层,背风侧易形成低换热效率的尾流区;当送风速度由2.8 m/s增大到3.8 m/s和由3.8 m/s增大到4.8 m/s时,侧送底排方式下空气侧换热系数最大值分别增长3.92 W/(m2?K)和2.16 W/(m2?K);直送风时边界层分布均匀,最大推荐送风速度为3.2 m/s,顶送底排方式对翅片管气化性能的提升效果优于底送顶排方式;当其他条件相同时,侧送顶排为最佳送风方式;采用侧送顶排强制通风的空浴式气化器（ambient air vaporizer, AAV ）气化性能显著优于自然通风AAV     

公路隧道联络风道优化的三维数值分析

结合秦岭终南山特长公路隧道通风系统采用的竖井送排式方案,运用了CFD(计算流体动力学)方法对 该通风系统的竖井与隧道主体联络风道90°拐弯处进行分析,以确定出较佳的土建结构形式并计算出联络风道 90°拐弯处压力损失系数.     

V形坡度对地铁隧道火灾临界风速的影响

由于穿越隧道、燃气管线和地质条件的工程需要,部分地铁隧道是V形坡度隧道。V形坡度隧道的烟囱效应会增加地铁隧道火灾烟气控制的复杂性和困难。该文采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法研究V形隧道夹角和高差对地铁隧道火灾临界风速和烟气返流长度的影响。研究结果表明,坡度隧道的隧道夹角对地铁隧道火灾临界风速有较大影响,隧道火灾临界风速随着上坡隧道夹角增大而变小,隧道火灾临界风速随着下坡隧道夹角增大而变大;V形坡度隧道自然通风竞争效应会对地铁隧道火灾临界风速有较大影响,隧道火灾临界风速随着上坡隧道高差的增大而变小,隧道火灾临界风速随着上坡隧道夹角的增大而变小。该文的研究结果可以为V形坡度隧道通风防排烟系统设计过程中的火灾临界风速取值提供理论参考和依据。     

特长隧道通风排烟系统之顶隔板技术研究

诸永高速公路括苍山隧道,位于浙江省仙居县括苍山山脉,为华东第一长隧,全长约8公里,是国内首次采用顶隔板、竖井送排式纵向通风排烟技术。本文就顶隔板通风排烟系统的牛腿、顶隔板施工技术作了详尽的分析,为今后特长隧道的顶隔板通风排烟系统的施工积累了宝贵经验。     

纵向通风隧道正常运营CO浓度限值计算

我国《公路隧道通风照明设计规范》与国外标准对隧道内CO浓度限值的设定在计算方法和取值上都存在差异.针对射流风机式及竖井送排与射流风机组合式纵向通风隧道CO浓度分布特性,基于差分形式的Coburn-Forster-Kane方程(CFK方程),拟合了两类典型纵向通风隧道正常运营CO浓度限值计算式.结果表明:尽管两类隧道具有不同的CO浓度分布特性,工程中可按相同的限值设计;对于长隧道,我国应设定更严格的限值标准.     

十天高速西秦岭隧道通风方式研究

西秦岭特长公路隧道是十天高速甘肃段全线的控制性工程,该隧道为上下行分离的双洞四车道隧道.该隧道左线全长为5464m,右线5 700m,隧道左右线长度稍大于《细则》给出的采用全射流纵向通风的单向交通隧道的适用长度(5 000m),按照常规方案,应采用竖井送排式通风方案.基于上述情况,本论述从降低隧道通风系统土建费用和节省运营电费的角度考虑,建议该隧道采用首期建设费用低、运营管理容易且经济效益显著、方式灵活的双洞互补式网络通风方案,近期关闭两洞换气通道,左右线采用纯射流纵向通风方案;远期开启换气通道,实施双洞互补式网络通风.     

公路隧道机械通风方式和短道风向的选择

公路隧道通风的目的是为了把隧道内的有害气体或污染物质的液度降至一个允许浓度以下,以保证汽车行驶的安全性和舒适性.而对于通风问题,首先要考虑的是通风方式的选择,如若采用了竖井送排式通风系统,还要注意短道内的风向问题.该文对这两个方面的通风设计进行了研究和分析,并提出了一些建议,希望能对以后的通风设计有一定的参考作用.     

双向互为逃生通道的地铁区间隧道通风排烟方式实验研究

为验证发生事故隧道纵向通风、非事故隧道正压送风的气流防烟模式的有效性,通过以类矩形地铁区间隧道为原型,建立了1：3的实体试验平台,对两种纵向通风模式的防烟效果、非事故隧道沿程温度及联络通道口温度变化对比分析。结果表明：事故隧道纵向通风、非事故隧道正压送风这种有效的气流防烟方法既可在无空间设置防火门的地铁区间隧道得以应用,也可以作为常规地铁区间隧道防火门损坏后降低火灾危害的应急手段。可见在有效的正压送风模式下,事故隧道纵向通风临界风速为1.6m/s,1#A联络通道口临界风速为1.7m/s,1#B联络通道口临界风速为1.8m/s,该参数可以为地铁区间隧道风机提供选型依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~