考虑裂纹扩展的缺陷评定方法研究

美国ＥＰＲＩ提出的“裂纹推力图”方法，已逐步为工程界接受，但方法偏于繁杂，且费时多，精度不易保证。杨卫等用等效裂纹概念提出的“缺陷评定曲线”，克服了ＥＰＲＩ方法需依靠推力曲线族的繁琐，但还难于顺利地运用于扩展裂纹的缺陷评定。利用稳定扩展概念，建立的准确可靠的评定曲线，比ＦＰＲＩ评定方法省时省力且精度高，对于合理地进行压力容器等延性材料结构的缺陷评定，将起到一定作用。     

三点弯曲单试样测定高强高韧钢断裂韧度JIC的柔度方法

针对金属材料延性断裂韧度ＪＩＣ测试中存在的测试手续繁杂，消耗材料多等问题，根据试样在加载过程中裂纹扩展，柔度增加的原理，导出新的Ｊ积分与柔度Ｃ的关系，通过加载卸载法计算出柔度Ｃｉ，     

J积分断裂准则在弹塑性Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合型加载下的应用探讨

在分解Ｊ积分法调制的弹塑性大变形有限元程序计算基础上，用阻力曲线法研究了两种油井钻杆材料不同Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合比下的Ｊ积分阻力特性，结果表明：随Ⅱ型分量增加，以Ｊ积分形式表示的断裂抗力降低，提出了一个适于钻杆钢等中低强度、塑韧性较好的材料的复合型延性断裂准则：Ｊｃ＝ＪⅡｃ—（α—１）ＪⅡ（其中α为一材料常数，但在实验范围内，试样尺寸对α还有一定影响）．并结合复合延性断裂微观过程的观察，对该准则和α值做了解释和讨论。     

J积分断裂准则在弹塑性I—Ⅱ复合型加载下的应用探讨

在分解Ｊ积分法调制的弹塑性大变形的有限元程序计算基础上，用阻力曲线法研究究了两种油井钻杆材料不同Ⅰ－Ⅱ复合比下的Ｊ积分阻力特性。结果表明：随Ⅱ型分量增加，以Ｊ积分形式表示的断裂抗力降低，提出了一个适于钻杆钢等中低强度、塑韧性较好的材料的复合型延性断裂准则：Ｊｃ＝ＪⅡｃ－（ａ－１）ＪⅡ（其中ａ为一材料常数，但在实验范围内，试样尺寸对ａ还有一定影响）。并结合复合延性裂微观过程的观察，对该准则和ａ值做了     

周期复合材料等效热弹性性能的数值计算

用均匀化方法求出了周期复合材料的等效热弹性系数，得到了复合材料瞬态耦合热弹性问题对应的均匀化问题，通过计算分析了材料体分比与等效系数问的定量关系；用发展方程有限元方法求出了均匀化问题的数值解。     

AutoCAD在模具压力中心计算中的应用

根据体积等效原理，通过实例说明了AutoCAD的三维制图功能及其MASSPROP等命令在模具压力中心计算中的应用．并指出即使在同一材料中存在不同料厚、或同一冲裁件中存在不同材料的情况下，也可准确求出其压力中心．     

BJT电路分析的FOURIER系数模型及多项式近似

为简化等效小参量法和谐波平衡法用于实际双极型晶体管（ＢＪＴ）电路的分析，提出了ＢＪＴ的Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ系数模型，并利用一种新方法—按主要谐波分量近似器件特性和分段非线性逼近─—给出了它的多项式近似．本文的结果，使谐波失真、频率稳定度等分析过程变得简单，对于ＢＪＴ电路的符号分析有重要意义。     

环型超声波电机结构及振动模式分析

论述了环型超声波电机的工作原理、结构设计方法和材料的选择；引入等效梁的概念，建立了环型超声波电机关键结构即定子复合振子的数学模型；求出了其振动模式的解析解；给出了仿真计算结果和设计的样机结构尺寸；并分析了定子表面粒子的椭圆运动及超声波电机的本质．     

环型超声波电机结构及振动模式分析

论述了环型超声波电机的工作原理、结构设计方法和材料的选择；引入等效梁的概念，建立了环型超声波电机关键结构即定子复合振子的数学模型；求出了其振动模式的解析解；给出了仿真计算结果和设计的样机结构尺寸；并分析了定子表面粒子的椭圆运动及超声波电机的本质。     

迭加原理在求边值问题中的应用

本文利用迭加原理求出置于点电荷场中导体球面上感应电荷的分布，提出用“等效电荷”求解空间电势分布的方法，并对有关概念问题作出了讨论     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to