红曲霉液态发酵多糖工艺条件的优化

研究了红曲霉产多糖的液态发酵条件,得出优化后的培养基组成为:蔗糖45 g/L,酵母粉4.5 g/L,KH2PO4·3H2O 3.5 g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.85 g/L.通过单因素实验和正交试验,得到红曲霉N产多糖的优化发酵工艺条件为:种龄30 h,接种量7.5%,发酵培养基初始pH 5.75,装液量162.5mL/1 000 mL三角瓶,发酵时间84 h.在此条件下,红曲霉液态发酵的多糖质量浓度达999.8 mg/L,比优化前的684.2 mg/L提高46.1%。     

克雷伯菌HQ-3厌氧发酵产氢培养基的优化

运用Plackett-Burman设计实验结合SAS数据分析对基于克雷伯菌HQ-3(Klebsiellasp.HQ-3)产氢培养基的主效因素进行筛选,确定产氢培养基的主效因素,利用最陡爬坡实验确定主效因素的响应面中心值,用响应面法和Matlab7.0对厌氧发酵的产氢培养基的主效因子进行了优化.得到的优化的产氢培养基(YH培养基)为:Na2HPO4.12H2O,15.0g/L;KH2PO4,7.7g/L;MgSO4.7H2O,3.7g/L;葡萄糖,21.4g/L;蛋白胨,18.1g/L;酵母膏,8.0g/L;pH=8.3.利用优化的培养基进行厌氧发酵产氢验证,得到最大产氢量为826.3mL/L,与预测值806.0mL/L基本相符.并且优化培养基较初始培养基产氢量621.2mL/L,提高了33%.在最优发酵条件下,对发酵液相产物乙醇、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、正丁酸、异丁酸进行测定,发现乙醇、甲酸、乙酸含量占总液相产物的93%,确定其发酵类型为混合酸途径.     

采用均匀设计方法提高光合细菌菌体类胡萝卜素含量的研究

为了提高光合细菌沼泽红假单胞菌B .9菌株菌体的类胡萝卜素的含量 ,应用均匀设计的方法 ,对B .9菌株培养基组成进行了优化 ,得到的优化条件为 :丙酸钠 1.0g/L ,乙酸钠 1.1g/L ,麸皮 0 .7g/L ,(NH4 ) 2 HPO4 1.2g/L ,ZnSO4 ·7H2 O 5mg/L ,MnSO4 ·H2 O 0 .4mg/L ,MnSO4 ·7H2 O 135mg/L ,CoCl2 ·6H2 O 3mg/L ,FeCl3 ·6H2 O 10mg/L。将色素提纯后菌体色素含量比原培养基菌体色素含量提高 16 1%。     

酸碱预处理对稻草秸秆发酵产氢的影响

随着环保要求的日益严格和化石能源的日益短缺,氢能作为清洁高效的可再生能源受到人们的普遍重视。厌氧发酵生物制氢是利用生物技术分解有机废弃物制备氢气,该工艺设备简单、操作容易、成本低廉等优点。以稻草秸秆为发酵底料,以厌氧活性污泥为接种物,研究酸碱预处理对秸秆发酵产氢的影响。结果表明,H2SO4预处理为最佳的预处理方式;稻草秸秆经1%的H2SO4预处理后发酵气中氢气的最大含量、最高比产氢速率和最高氢气产率分别为47.68%、4.67mL/(h.g)和59.21 mL/g;经1%的NaOH预处理后发酵气中氢气的最大含量、最高比产氢速率和最高氢气产率分别为41.92%、3.24 mL/(h.g)和42.02 mL/g;发酵液相中主要产物为乙醇、乙酸和丁酸。     

活性污泥的热处理及其发酵产氢特性

为消除发酵生物制氢系统接种污泥中的耗氢菌,加速系统的启动进程并提高产氢效能,以易得的城市污水处理厂的好氧活性污泥为对象.通过间歇发酵试验,探讨了经65℃、80℃、95℃、110℃处理后的污泥的产氢特性.葡萄糖间歇发酵试验证明,在初始pH 7.0、葡萄糖浓度10 000 mg/L、污泥接种量2 g MLVSS/L(Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids,MLVSS,混合液挥发性悬浮固体浓度)等条件下,由热处理后的活性污泥构建的发酵系统,其产氢量均大于未经处理的活性污泥反应系统.其中,经65℃处理过的活性污泥具有更高的发酵产氢性能,在72 h的发酵过程中,其累积产氢量为92.53 mL,活性污泥的比产氢率为8.36 mmolH2/gMLVSS,葡萄糖的氯气转化率达到1.08 mol/mol.处理温度不同,活性污泥发酵葡萄糖的液相末端产物也存在差异,经65℃和80℃处理过的活性污泥,末端发酵产物以丁酸和乙酸为主;经95℃和110℃处理过的活性污泥,则表现为混合酸发酵.活性污泥的热处理,对其中的同型产乙酸菌无抑制作用.     

干酪乳杆菌产L-乳酸发酵条件的研究

通过单因子实验和正交试验确定干酪乳杆菌突变菌株LAB3的最佳培养基和最佳培养条件,优化该菌株的生长条件.优化发酵培养基为(g/L):蔗糖120,玉米浆25,MgSO4.7H2O 0.3,MnSO4.4 H2O 0.01,FeSO4.7H2O 0.01,乙酸钠5,吐温80 1 mL.优化培养条件为:10%接种量,温度42℃,装液量50 mL/250 mL.静置培养72 h,一次性添加碳酸钙5%.在此优化基础上进行发酵,LAB3产乳酸量为85 g/L,产量较优化前提高了63%.     

表征发酵产氢活性污泥效能的碘硝基四唑紫-比脱氢酶活性及其检测

目前,评价有机废水发酵法生物制氢系统产氢效能的指标,一般采用挥发性景浮固体fMLVSS)与总悬浮固体(MLSS)的比值(MLVSS/MLSS)、MLVSS的比产气(氢)速率及COD去除率等参数,但均存在不同程度的缺陷.为寻求评价发酵制氢活性污泥系统产氢效能的合理指标,以脱氢酶检测的碘硝基四唑紫(INT)法为基础,以发酵产氢系统的絮状活性污泥为样品,确立并优化了INT-比脱氢酶活性的检测与计算方法,并对比脱氢酶活性与发酵制氢系统的产氢效能进行了相关性分析.结果表明,INT-比脱氢酶活性检测的适宜条件是:在容积为10 mL的离心管中.先后加入一定浓度的污泥样品0.3 mL、19.8 mmol/L INT溶液1 mL、pH5乙酸钠缓冲剂1.5 mL.45℃暗处振荡反应30 min;反应终止剂选用98%的浓硫酸,萃取溶剂为无水乙醇,438 nm测定吸光度;检测污泥样品(MLVSS,挥发性悬浮固体)浓度可以在3.5～12.5 g,L范围内选定.絮状发酵产氢活性污泥的INT-比脱氢酶活性与比产氢速率非常高度相关,可以客观准确地反映厌氧生物制氢系统污泥的产氢活性.     

原生质体诱变选育透明质酸菌株及发酵条件的优化

采用N 甲基 N′ 硝基 N 亚硝基胍(NTG)诱变原生质体,选育了一株产透明质酸的兽疫链球菌(Streptococcuszooepidemicus)H 35.并经过发酵条件的优化,确定了溶菌酶作用的最佳条件是0.6mg/mL溶菌酶高渗溶液,30℃水浴下酶解20min;H 35的最佳发酵条件是葡萄糖4.0%、酵母膏2.0%、NaCl0.2%、KH2PO40.2%、MgSO4·7H2O0.06%、初始pH7.0、35℃,200r/min、培养18h.发酵液中透明质酸的含量从最初的0.47g/L提高到优化后的1.43g/L.     

Fenton试剂和UV-Fenton试剂深度处理垃圾渗滤液

研究了Fenton试剂和紫外光(UV)＿Fenton试剂联合深度处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺条件,并对它们的处理效果进行比较,结果表明,最佳工艺条件是:H2O2量相当于COD耗氧值的1.5倍(即H2O2为0.96g/L)、pH值为3、FeSO4·7H2O的浓度为3.6×10-4mol/L(即100mg/L)、反应时间120min。在最佳工艺条件下,UV＿Fenton试剂联合处理渗滤液COD去除率达71.5%,比Fenton试剂单独处理时COD去除率提高了13%。     

采用均匀设计方法提高光合细菌菌体类胡萝卜素含量的研究

为了提高光合沼泽红假单胞菌B．9菌株菌体的类胡萝卜素的含量,应用均匀设计的方法,对B．0菌株培养基组成进行了优化,得到的优化条件为：丙酸钠1．0g/L,乙酸钠1．1g/L,麸皮0．7g/L,(NH4)2(HPO4 1.2g/L,ZnSO4.7H2O 5mg/L,MnSO4.H2O 0.4mg/L,MnSO4.7H2O 135mg/L,CoCl2.6H2O 3mg/L,FeCl3.6H2O 10mg/L,将色素提纯后菌体色素含量比原培养基菌体色素含量提高161％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-