结晶态和非晶态金属(钙、镁、锌)配合物的X射线衍射分析

采用溶液中的化学反应法制备了氨基酸系列金属(Ca,Mg,Zn)配合物,并对配合物进行了元素分析、X射线吸收光谱分析.元素分析结果表明,该系列金属配合物都具有(C10H20NCO3)2M(M=Ca,Mg,Zn)型化学分子结构.X射线吸收光谱分析结果表明,金属配合物的结晶态在XRD曲线上显示了大部分结晶物特有的多数尖锐衍射高峰,玻璃态配合物显示了非晶态衍射宽峰.     

MGa2 S4:Eu2+(M=Ca、Sr、Ba)和EuGa2 S4系列荧光粉的合成和发光性能研究

采用高温固相法合成了MGa2S4:Eu2 (M=Ca、Sr、Ba)系列荧光粉,观察到各自的发光;同时观察到EuGa2S4具有发光,发射峰靠近544nm,Eu在其中既是基质离子,也是激活剂离子,并没有出现浓度淬灭现象;并对两种不同碱土离子M,M'(M,M'=Ca、Sr、Ba)混掺对(M0.96-xM'x)Ga2S4:Eu2 0.04发光的影响做了研究,发现混掺可使Eu2 的发射波长在500～553nm之间移动;同时研究了(Sr1-xEux)Ga2S4体系中不同x值对发光的影响,发现随着Eu浓度的逐渐加大,发射峰先出现发光强度的增大,然后出现发射波长的移动.     

CO_2吸附强化模拟生物油重整制氢的实验研究

选用Ce-Ni/Co作催化剂、由醋酸钙煅烧制得的Ca O作重整催化剂、CO2吸附剂,进行模拟生物油吸附强化蒸汽重整制氢的研究.实验结果表明:在相同温度、M(S)/M(C)(加入水蒸气的摩尔质量与生物油模化物中碳的摩尔质量之比)条件下,吸附剂的加入有利于提高氢气摩尔分数和氢气产率;添加吸附剂后,随着温度的升高,氢气摩尔分数、氢气产率均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在700℃时达到最大;随着M(S)/M(C)的增加,氢气摩尔分数先增大后减小,在M(S)/M(C)=9时氢气摩尔分数达到最大,而氢气产率则在M(S)/M(C)超过9后变化不大;随着M(Ca O)/M(C)(加入的氧化钙的摩尔质量与生物油模化物中碳的摩尔质量之比)的增加,氢气摩尔分数逐渐增大,达到M(Ca O)/M(C)=3后几乎不变,氢气产率则先增大后减小,在M(Ca O)/M(C)=3时达到最大;温度=700℃,M(S)/M(C)=9,M(Ca O)/M(C)=3为模拟生物油重整制氢的最佳条件,在此条件下氢气摩尔分数、氢气产率分别达到92.2%,84.1%.     

模拟失重对钙调蛋白基因表达与人参皂苷合成的影响

在利用回转器模拟失重的生物学效应试验中对人参细胞的钙调蛋白(CaM)基因表达与人参皂苷合成展开研究.结果显示回转处理不仅在初始阶段可以诱导CaM基因表达的提高,而且在处理人参细胞的18h之内,CaM基因表达还呈现波动性变化.说明了Ca 2+ 依赖信号转导系统在转导重力变化刺激信号过程中的复杂性.回转处理还可以诱导人参皂苷的合成与人参皂苷合成相关基因鲨烯合酶基因(squalene synthase gene,sqs)与鲨烯环氧酶基因(squalene epoxidase gene,sqe)的表达.Ca 2+ 螯合剂EGTA、质膜钙通道抑制剂LaCl 3 与细胞内膜钙通道抑制剂钌红(ruthenium red,RR)都可以抑制回转诱导的CaM基因、sqs与sqe的表达,以及提高人参皂苷的合成.这种相关性说明胞外Ca 2+ 的内流与胞内钙库的Ca 2+ 向外流入胞质中,对于回转诱导人参细胞内皂苷含量的升高都是必须的,CaM可能介导了回转诱导人参皂苷合成的模拟失重效应.CaM拮抗剂氯丙嗪(CPZ)与N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide(W 7 )可以抑制回转诱导的人参皂苷合成,sqs与sqe的表达也显示了CaM的介导作用.     

掺杂固溶体离子M(M=Mg~(2+),Sr~(2+),Ba~(2+),Zn~(2+))对Ca_(2.95)Dy_(0.05)(PO_4)_2荧光粉发光性能的影响

采用高温固相法合成了Ca_(2. 95)Dy_(0. 05)(PO_4)_2荧光粉,并在此基础上进一步制备了Ca_(2. 35)Dy_(0. 05)(PO_4)_2:0. 60 M系列的荧光粉(M=Mg~(2+),Sr~(2+),Ba~(2+),Zn~(2+))。通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、荧光光谱仪等仪器对样品的物相、组成、结构及发光性能等进行了表征。对X射线衍射结果的分析表明,本次试验成功制备了Ca2. 35Dy0. 05(PO4)2:0. 60 M系列的荧光粉(M=Mg~(2+),Sr~(2+),Ba~(2+),Zn~(2+)),固溶体离子的掺杂没有改变荧光粉的晶体结构;荧光光谱分析结果表明,固溶体离子M的掺杂可以有效提高Ca2. 95Dy0. 05(PO4)2荧光粉的发光强度,其中以掺杂Ba~(2+)对该荧光粉的提高效果最为显著。     

黄酒麦曲中一株产细菌素菌株的鉴定及其降生物胺功效研究

从黄酒麦曲中分离筛选出菌株M28,经鉴定为戊糖片球菌(Pediococcus pentosaceus),该菌能够产生细菌素,对黄酒中产生物胺的腐生葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus saprophyticus)、阪崎肠杆菌(Cronobacter sakazakii)、乳酪短杆菌(Brevibacterium casei)、芽孢杆菌(Bacillus)和阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae)具有抑制作用。菌株M28自生发酵不产生物胺,黄酒发酵过程中,添加强化M28菌株,可以显著降低黄酒中的生物胺的含量,而对黄酒的风味品质影响不明显,该菌株可作为降生物胺功能菌株在黄酒酿造中应用。     

南极典型鸟类骨骼中的Ca、P、Sr的含量及Ca/P和Ca/Sr特征

应用同步辐射加速器X荧光技术(SR-XRF)和原子荧光光谱(AFS)对南极雪海燕(Pagodroma nivea)、贼鸥(Catharacta maccormicki)和三种典型企鹅(阿德利企鹅PygoscelisAdeliae、南极企鹅Pygoscelis antarctica、金图企鹅Pygoscelis gentoo)的新鲜翅骨和腿骨以及沉积物中的残骨进行微区扫描和定量分析,并使用AXIL软件对扫描图谱进行解读,获取骨骼中主要元素Ca、P和微量元素Sr的相对含量.元素Ca、P和Sr在骨骼皮质骨不同部位分布不均,Ca/P计数比变异系数为4.7%,Ca/Sr计数比和质量比变异系数都超过了70%.相比其他海鸟,企鹅骨骼中的Sr含量异常偏高,Ca/Sr计数比显著小于其他海鸟骨骼,表明该比值可能是一个识别企鹅和其他海鸟骨骼的替代性指标,并初步探讨了Sr含量异常的原因.     

Synthesis and characterization of cadmium-calcium hydroxyapatite solid solutions

A series of cadmium-calcium hydroxyapatite solid solutions was prepared by an aqueous precipitation method. By various means, the characterizations confirmed the formation of continuous solid solutions over all ranges of Cd/(Cd+Ca) atomic ratio. In the results, both lattice parameters a and c display slight deviations from Vegard’s rule when the Cd/(Cd+Ca) atomic ratio is greater than 0.6. The particles change from smaller acicular to larger hexagonal columnar crystals as the Cd/(Cd+Ca) atomic ratio increases from 0–0.60 to 0.60–1.00. The area of the phosphate peak for symmetric P-O stretching decreases with the increase in Cd/(Cd+Ca) atomic ratio, and the peak disappears when the Cd/(Cd+Ca) atomic ratio is greater than 0.6; the two phosphate peaks of P-O stretching gradually merge together for the Cd/(Cd+Ca) atomic ratio near 0.60. These variations can be explained by a slight tendency of larger Cd ions to occupy M(2) sites and smaller Ca ions to prefer M(1) sites in the structure.     

孕酮处理对蛋鸡蛋壳钙化过程中Ca2+-ATPase基因表达的影响

为了解孕酮对蛋鸡产蛋过程中钙离子ATP酶(Calcium-ATPase,Ca2+-ATPase)基因表达的影响,本研究以产蛋高峰期蛋鸡作为实验动物,进行孕酮处理后,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术(QRT-PCR),测定在蛋壳形成过程中输卵管子宫部Ca2+-ATPase、孕酮受体(progesterone receptor,PGR)的表达量.同时对血液中钙离子和孕酮浓度变化进行测定.结果表明:孕酮处理后,血液中钙离子浓度显著降低(P＜0.05),输卵管子宫部Ca2+-ATPase表达量极显著降低(P＜0.01),PGR mRNA表达量则显著降低(P＜0.05).结果提示,在蛋壳钙化过程中,孕酮对钙离子转运和Ca2+-ATPase表达起抑制作用.     

碱土金属类无机碱金属化合物的静态第一超极化率的理论研究（英文）

为设计品优的非线性光学材料,我们把两个碱土金属原子掺杂于(NH2CH3)4形成了碱土金属类无机碱金属化合物--Be(NH_2CH_3)_4M(M=Be,Mg和Ca),和已被合成的Li(NH_2CH_3)_4Na类似,Be(NH_2CH_3)_4M(M=Be,Mg和Ca)的外侧碱土金属的NBO电荷是负值,这说明它们展现出了良好的碱土金属类无机碱金属化合物特征。Be(NH_2CH_3)_4M(M=Be,Mg和Ca)同时还具有相当大的静态第一超极化率(β0),其中最大值为657794(6.58×10~5)au(Be(NH_2CH_3)_4Be)。所有的具有碱土金属类无机碱金属化合物特征的Be(NH_2CH_3)_4M(M=Be,Mg,和Ca)比具有无机碱金属化合物特征的Li(NH_2CH_3)_4M'(M'=Li,Na和K)有更大的β_0值。这些说明对于增加非线性光学响应来说,碱土金属原子掺杂是一种品优的方式。     

钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病患者过程中细胞内外钙调素水平的变化

从分子水平研究钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病的机制。用反转录聚合酶链反应法测定淋巴细胞内钙调素（ＣａＭ）基因的ｍＲＮＡ转录水平以及用ＲＩＡ法测定细胞外（即血清）ＣａＭ浓度,借以观察在用钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压的过程中,细胞内外ＣａＭ水平的改变。发现随着正规服用钙拮抗剂治疗时间的延长,高血压患者淋巴细胞内ＣａＭ基因ｍＲＮＡ的转录水平亦受到抑制。服用钙拮抗剂时间长于３个月者,ｍＲＮＡ的转录水平显著降低（Ｐ＜０．０１）,而治疗时间在１个月之内者,ＣａＭ基因的转录水平无明显变化（Ｐ＞０．０５）。对于细胞外ＣａＭ的水平,在服用钙拮抗剂治疗时间＜１个月者,血清ＣａＭ浓度下降,而长期服用钙拮抗剂的患者则相对增高,但均无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。在用钙拮抗剂治疗高血压的过程中,细胞内和细胞外ＣａＭ的水平均发生变化。用钙离子拮抗剂治疗高血压病长于３个月者,细胞内ＣａＭ基因的ｍＲＮＡ转录水平明显受到抑制,而细胞外ＣａＭ浓度则无论服用钙离子拮抗剂时间长短,变化均不显著     

盐酸小檗胺的提取及精制

以三颗针提取小檗碱粗品的母液残渣为原料,对提取制备盐酸小檗胺的精品工艺进行了研究.实验证明以苯为提取溶剂,控制减压浓缩温度40～60℃,粗品小檗胺烘干温度39～48℃,pH约2.5时,按粗品量的3%加入活性炭脱色,重结晶处理2次,风干的盐酸小檗胺精品含量＞95%.     

金标银染技术在表达文库筛选中的应用

以胶体多标记钙调素作为探针再辅以银染法（金标银染技术）,自玉米ｃＣＮＡ表达文库中筛迁钙调素结合蛋白。该探针保持钙调素的活性,特异性地与钙调素结合蛋白相结合,在胶体金标记的基础上进行银染,灵敏度获得显著提高（达ｎｇ级）。应用这一方法对玉米ＣＮＤＡ表达文库进行筛选获得了一个与探针特异结合的阳性克隆。以生物素标记的钙调素对该克隆表达的融合蛋白进行结合实验,结果表明该克隆编码的蛋白为一个钙调素结合蛋白。本     

环鸟苷酸信使系统参与rbcS基因表达调控初报

以转ｒｂｃＳ－ＧＵＳ基因烟草悬浮细胞为材料,通过用荧光光度法检测报告基因ＧＵＳ酶的活性的方法,发现暗中培养的转基因烟草悬浮细胞细胞外ＣａＭ或红光处理后,ｒｂｃＳ基因表达明显增加,而细胞外ＣａＭ和红光同时处理却只使ｒｂｃＳ基因表达增加４－５倍。     

Ca2+、CaM及CaM拮抗剂对粟酒裂殖酵母质膜H+-ATP酶活性的影响

经差速离心,酸处理,蔗糖密度梯度离心制备粟酒裂殖酵母（Schizosaccharomyces pombe）质膜H^＋-ATP酶,以研究Ca^2＋、CaM以及CaM拮抗剂对纯化的质膜H＋-ATP酶活性的影响.结果表明Ca^2＋强烈的抑制该酶的活性,而CaM对该酶的活性没有影响,但TFP与Compound R24571这两类CaM拮抗剂又都能强烈地抑制该酶的活性.推测TEP等抑制该酶的活性不是通过与CaM结合作为CaM的拮抗剂竞争性抑制该酶的活性,而是直接对该酶发生作用或者通过磷脂或其它的CaM依赖性的膜蛋白间接对该酶产生作用.     

Calmodulin bifurcates the local Ca2+ signal that modulates P/Q-type Ca2+ channels

Acute modulation of P/Q-type (alpha1A) calcium channels by neuronal activity-dependent changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration may contribute to short-term synaptic plasticity, potentially enriching the neurocomputational capabilities of the brain. An unconventional mechanism for such channel modulation has been proposed in which calmodulin (CaM) may exert two opposing effects on individual channels, initially promoting ('facilitation') and then inhibiting ('inactivation') channel opening. Here we report that such dual regulation arises from surprising Ca2+-transduction capabilities of CaM. First, although facilitation and inactivation are two competing processes, both require Ca2+-CaM binding to a single 'IQ-like' domain on the carboxy tail of alpha1A; a previously identified 'CBD' CaM-binding site has no detectable role. Second, expression of a CaM mutant with impairment of all four of its Ca2+-binding sites (CaM1234) eliminates both forms of modulation. This result confirms that CaM is the Ca2+ sensor for channel regulation, and indicates that CaM may associate with the channel even before local Ca2+ concentration rises. Finally, the bifunctional capability of CaM arises from bifurcation of Ca2+ signalling by the lobes of CaM: Ca2+ binding to the amino-terminal lobe selectively initiates channel inactivation, whereas Ca2+ sensing by the carboxy-terminal lobe induces facilitation. Such lobe-specific detection provides a compact means to decode local Ca2+ signals in two ways, and to separately initiate distinct actions on a single molecular complex.     

束缚应激致福利损伤小鼠肝脏中钙调蛋白的表达

目的 研究束缚应激对小鼠肝脏内钙调蛋白表达的影响。方法 选取3周龄ICR小鼠20只,随机分为对照组和束缚应激组,记录实验期间的个体增重和饲料消耗,束缚结束采血测定与福利相关的免疫和神经内分泌指标,及主要肝功能指标,采用Western Bolt法检测小鼠肝脏内钙调蛋白（CaM）和钙-钙调蛋白依赖性蛋白激酶Ⅱ（CaMKⅡ）的蛋白表达水平。结果 与对照组相比,束缚组小鼠的体增重和饲料能耗比（FER）显著降低（P＜0.01）,脾脏和胸腺的脏器指数显著降低（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）,血清中皮质酮（CORT）和促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）以及主要肝功能指标谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）均显著升高（P＜0.01,P＜0.05）,肝脏中 CaM和CaMKⅡ的相对表达显著上升（P＜0.05）。结论 束缚应激致实验小鼠福利受损时,CaM和CaMKⅡ参与了小鼠福利损伤过程。     

Regulation of Ca2+ channel expression at the cell surface by the small G-protein kir/Gem

Voltage-dependent calcium (Ca2+) channels are involved in many specialized cellular functions, and are controlled by intracellular signals such as heterotrimeric G-proteins, protein kinases and calmodulin (CaM). However, the direct role of small G-proteins in the regulation of Ca2+ channels is unclear. We report here that the GTP-bound form of kir/Gem, identified originally as a Ras-related small G-protein that binds CaM, inhibits high-voltage-activated Ca2+ channel activities by interacting directly with the beta-subunit. The reduced channel activities are due to a decrease in alpha1-subunit expression at the plasma membrane. The binding of Ca2+/CaM to kir/Gem is required for this inhibitory effect by promoting the cytoplasmic localization of kir/Gem. Inhibition of L-type Ca2+ channels by kir/Gem prevents Ca2+-triggered exocytosis in hormone-secreting cells. We propose that the small G-protein kir/Gem, interacting with beta-subunits, regulates Ca2+ channel expression at the cell surface.     

Effects of extracellular calmodulin on pollen germination and tube growth

The effects of calmoddin (CaM) antagonist W7-agarose, anti-CaM serum and exogenous purified CaM on pollen germination and tube growth ofForsythia suspensu were studied. The pollen germination and tube growth were inhibited or completely stopped by CaM antagonist W7-agarose. The addition of exogenous purified CaM stimulated pollen germination and tube growth, whereas the same amount of bovine serum albumin (BSA) had no effect. The inhibitory effects caused by W7-agarose and anti-CaM serum could be reversed completely by the addition of exogenous purified CaM. The tube growth of germinated pollen was also inhibited or completely stopped by W7-agarose. The results suggest that endogenous extracellular CaM initiates pollen germination and tube growth, whereas exogenous CaM enhances the above processes.