浅谈中学化学中的置换反应

置换反应是中学化学中的主要反应，也是典型的氧化还原反应。转换反应分为金属转换钨的反应，金属置换非金属的反应，非金属置换金属的反应，非金属转换非金属的反应。     

固态有机反应研究进展

综述了近年来固态有机反应的最新进展,包括固态有机反应的常用方法和固态有机反应在氧化反应、还原反应、偶联反应、重排反应、加成反应等重要反应类型中的应用以及固态有机反应在工业中的应用情况.     

乙二醇与乙酸酯化反应的双反应段反应精馏塔设计

将一种具有新型反应精馏结构的双反应段反应精馏塔应用于乙二醇与乙酸连续两步酯化反应,详细分析了精馏塔的稳态性能并探讨其节能效果。以最小化总的年度费用(TAC)为目标,优化双反应段反应精馏塔结构,并将此优化结构与单反应段反应精馏塔优化结构进行比较。结果表明在双反应段反应精馏塔中,设计变量的增加能够有效协调两步反应之间的关系,提高反应效率和分离效果,使双反应段反应精馏塔TAC减少了23.58%,实现节能效果。     

CH_3F与O(~3P)反应机理的量子化学研究

用量子化学从头算MP2/6-311G(d,p)方法研究了CH3F与O(3P)反应的反应机理.在QCISD(T)/6-311G(d,p)水平上精确计算了各反应物种的能量.结果表明,标题反应共存在4类反应5个反应通道,分别为抽提氢反应、抽提氟反应、消氟化氢反应和消氢反应,抽提氢反应为主反应通道.     

可逆电池表示式的设计

本文是关于通过把氧化还原反应分为氧化反应和还原反应两个半反应．对应可逆电池反应中的负极反应和正极反应，辅以电极的需要，设计成可逆电池的讨论，并阐述了电池设计的步骤与方法．     

离子液体中的烯丙基化反应研究进展

文章综述了近年来离子液体中的烯丙基化反应的研究进展,如Tsuji-Trost反应,Sakurai反应,Barbier烯丙基化反应,Markovnikov烯丙基化反应,烯丙基胺化反应等.表明离子液体作为一种新型的绿色溶剂可有效促进烯丙基化反应的进行,显著地提高了反应的选择性和产率.     

碳纳米管的有机化学修饰研究进展

在碳纳米管研究的基础上,将碳纳米管的有机化学修饰分为加成反应、氟化与脱氟、与胺反应、自由基反应、硼氢化反应、环氧化反应、磺化、硫醇化、与重氮基反应、与有机硅化合物反应、与有机金属络合物反应和自成环反应等12类,并分别作了介绍。     

浅析热裂化反应和催化裂化反应的特点和影响因素

研究催化裂化过程中热裂化反应和催化裂化反应的特点,综合分析影响热裂化反应和催化裂化反应的主要因素。分析反应温度、剂油比、反应时间在催化裂化过程对热裂化反应、催化裂化反应的作用规律,从而有效的控制影响因素。     

聚乙烯醇与戊二醛的交联反应动力学

聚乙烯醇与戊二醛的交联反应常用于微胶囊包覆和高分子材料的改性工艺中。采用分光光度法测定了反应体系中聚乙烯醇的浓度,研究了聚乙烯醇与戊二醛的交联反应特性,确定了聚乙烯醇与戊二醛的反应计量比。结果表明,交联反应可视为不可逆反应,聚乙烯醇与戊二醛的物质的量之比约为1:525。建立了反应动力学方程,确定了交联反应对聚乙烯醇为零级反应,对戊二醛为0.7级反应,拟合得到了反应动力学参数。     

电大学生反应时的测定及分析

笔者运用有关仪器,测出了我院电大学生的简单反应时和复杂反应时;经过分析认为:我院电大学生听觉刺激反应时明显小于视觉刺激反应时;选择反应时明显高于简单反应时;习惯于用右手的人右手反应时明显小于左手;反应时在一定程度上受练习影响较深.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that