4He中热流对超流转变温度下压作用的研究

考察4He中热流Q对液氦超流转变温度Tλ的下压作用。借助一种带毛细管结构的小型密封瓶,只需简单控制密封瓶控温平台和下池的温度,就可以获得稳定、平坦的超流转变温坪。由于热流对超流转变温度的下压作用,通过控温改变通过毛细管的热流,得到不同热流作用下的多个温坪。通过对温度计自热效应、4.2K环境残余漏热、HeII液柱上的温差、液氦与上池铜块间Kapiza热阻、密封瓶温度梯度、HeII液柱静压等因素进行修正,得到热流对超流转变温度下压曲线。利用4支密封瓶进行20次下压实验,得到热流对液氦超流转变温度下压公式TT=-0.00000103Q+2.1769108,热流范围0μW/cm2≤Q≤6400μW/cm2。     

原油的核磁共振弛豫特性

地下原油的成分复杂,粘度变化范围很大,具有很宽的核磁共振（NMR）弛豫分布特性。研究原油的NMR弛豫特性随原油粘度、NMR仪器测量频率以及测量回波间隔(TE)等的不同而发生的变化,对利用NMR测井资料准确识别和评价油水层具有重要的指导意义。利用两种工作频率（2MHz和23MHz）的NMR谱分析仪器测量了不同粘度原油样品的NMR弛豫时间。结果表明：轻质油的纵向弛豫时间（T₁）和横向弛豫时间（T₂）近似相等,且在双对数坐标系下与原油粘度、粘度/温度的比值成反比关系;稠油的T₁大于T₂,其T₁/T₂比值随测量频率、粘度/温度比值的增加而增大;仪器测量频率对轻质油弛豫影响很小,而对稠油的弛豫影响较大;随测量回波间隔的增加,稠油的视横向弛豫时间增大,且幅度减小。     

多孔涂层对超流氦换热的传热强化作用

采用简单的对试件涂多孔层的手段，强化固体与超流氦之间的换热，利用超流氦的的热力效应使试件多孔层内部的超流氦建立压力增量，使液氦过冷，从而获得加压（过冷）超流氦的传热性能，选择了医用多孔细菌过滤片，石膏粉以及石膏矾土混合物为多孔材料，在ＲｈＦｅ和Ｃｕ丝上进行了传热实验，强化效果十分明显。     

抽油杆用CF/VE拉挤复合材料在酸性介质中的老化行为研究

文中研究了碳纤维/乙烯基酯树脂（CF/VE）拉挤复合材料在65℃和95℃、质量分数为5％的H₂SO₄水溶液中的吸湿特性、以及材料的动态力学性能和静态力学性能的变化。结果表明,在5%H₂SO₄水溶液中,浸泡前期复合材料的吸湿与Fick扩散相似,但后期吸湿率略有下降;拉挤复合材料的力学损耗（tanδ）随浸泡时间的延长而增大,且温度越高影响越大;玻璃化转变温度（T_g）、储能模量（E′）以及弯曲强度和剪切强度随浸泡时间的延长而下降,且温度越高,下降幅度越大。     

含联吡啶结构单元的超支化发光聚合物的合成

利用Wittig-Horner方法合成了一种新的联吡啶基π-共轭分子,将其作为n-型发光单元（A2单体）,同时将溶解性较好的丁氧基二取代的二苯乙烯基苯作为p-型发光单元（A′₂单体）,采用A₂＋A′₂＋B₄的路线合成了一类新型的部分共轭型超支化发光聚合物。采用红外、核磁共振等手段对产物的结构进行了初步表征,用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、热失重仪(TGA)、紫外-可见分光光度计（UV-Vis）和荧光分光光度计等仪器对产物的性能进行了研究。结果表明,相比于同类的线性聚合物聚对亚苯基乙烯,该聚合物具有优良的热稳定性、更高的玻璃化转变温度,在氯仿,四氢呋喃等溶剂中均具有优良的溶解性能,尤其是呈现出特有的光物理性能。     

磁控溅射制备的含He纳米晶铜膜的微结构分析

采用直流磁控溅射法,在不同的He/Ar混合气氛下,制备了不同He含量的铜膜.利用弹性反冲探测（ERD）方法探测了铜膜中氦的含量和深度分布,实验发现引入铜膜中的氦深度分布较均匀;并本文采用X射线衍射（XRD）分析了铜膜中氦的微结构,实验结果表明随着铜膜中氦含量的逐渐增加,对应Cu（111）晶面的峰强也有所增强;最后应用了慢正电子束分析（SPBA）技术测量了不同含氦铜膜的缺陷结构,随着铜膜中氦的增加,S参数会发生相应的变化.     

两种三维无机-有机杂化材料的溶剂热法合成及反射光谱研究

文中采用溶剂热法合成了两种三维网状无机-有机杂化材料Co(C₄H₄N₂)(VO₃)₂(Ⅰ)和Ni₂(C₄H₄N₂)V₄O₁₂(H₂O)₂(Ⅱ)。分别以n(CoCl₂·6H₂O)∶n(吡嗪)∶n(NH₄VO₃)=1∶2∶2和n(NiCl₂·6H₂O)∶n(吡嗪)∶n(NH₄VO₃)=1∶2∶2的摩尔比、纯水为溶剂,在140℃下反应3d,分别得到了紫黑色块状晶体Ⅰ和绿色块状晶体Ⅱ。对影响溶剂热反应的主要因素如反应温度、pH值、反应物摩尔比等进行了系统研究,确定了合成这两种化合物的最佳反应条件。并对产物晶体进行了UV-VIS-NIR漫反射光谱分析和热重分析(TG)。漫反射光谱研究表明,这两种晶体的光学能隙分别为2.13eV和2.56eV,都属于半导体,对太阳辐射具有选择吸收特性,它们在温度分别低于410℃和210℃时是稳定的。     

超重力法制备三水碳酸镁晶须

以NH₃·H₂O、MgCl₂溶液和CO₂为反应体系,利用超重力机（RPB）制备了三水碳酸镁晶须。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜等对产物进行物相和形貌分析,考察了不同反应条件对三水碳酸镁晶须直径和长径比的影响。研究表明,三水碳酸镁的适宜生长温度为40℃,超重力机转速为800r/min,CO₂体积分数为20%,NH₃·H₂O浓度为1.5mol/L,此时制备出的三水碳酸镁平均长度36μm,晶须直径平均1.16μm,长径比达到31。     

超流宏观理论

前苏联杰出的实验物理学家卡皮察于1937年在实验中观察到：当温度降到2．17K时，液氦（He^4）能沿极细的毛细管（管径约0．1微米）流动而几乎不呈现任何粘滞性，这就是超流现象的最早发现。随后，一系列实验进一步证实液氦从原来的正常流体突然转变为“超流体”，还具有许多极不寻常的性质，引起了科学界极大的关注。理论家们从宏观的唯象理论以及微观的量子理论都进行了大量的深入研究工作．     

不同二元醇制备的4种脂肪/芳香共聚酯的性能研究

利用4种不同的脂肪族二元醇（乙二醇、1,3 丙二醇、1,4 丁二醇、1,6 己二醇）与己二酸和对苯二甲酸二甲酯制备出4种不同脂肪/芳香比的共聚酯：（对苯二甲酸乙二醇-co-己二酸乙二醇）共聚酯（PETA）、（对苯二甲酸丙二醇-co-己二酸丙二醇）共聚酯（PPTA）、（对苯二甲酸丁二醇-co-己二酸丁二醇）共聚酯（PBTA）和（对苯二甲酸己二醇-co-己二酸己二醇）共聚酯（PHTA）,并比较了它们的热性能和生物降解性能。结果表明：相同二元醇、不同脂肪/芳香物质的量比的共聚酯,随脂肪族单体含量的增加,玻璃化转变温度（T_g）单调降低,熔点（T_m）降低,生物降解能力增加;相同脂肪/芳香物质的量的比、不同二元醇制备的共聚酯,T_g随二元醇碳原子的增加而单调下降,T_m变化顺序为：T_m（PPTA）＞T_m（PBTA）＞T_m（PHTA）＞T_m（PETA）,1,3-丙二醇体系的共聚酯具有最佳的耐热性能;生物降解能力随二元醇单体碳原子数的增加而增加。     

Dynamic behavior of the He Ⅱ -He I phase transition under gravity

The phase transition of superfluid helium (He Ⅱ ) to normal fluid helium (He I ) is studied in this note. The He Ⅱ-He I interface is found to move upwards under finite heat current. The temperature tracks are measured by four high resolution temperature sensors (HRTs). And the shifting of the λ point temperature (phase transition temperature)along the cell is studied experimentally and theoretically.Under gravity, the shifting of the λ point temperature increases with the pressure. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical ones.``     

Dynamic behavior of the He II-He I phase transition under gravity

The phase transition of superfluid helium (He II) to normal fluid helium (He I) is studied in this note. The He II -He I interface is found to move upwards under finite heat current. The temperature tracks are measured by four high resolution temperature sensors (HRTs). And the shifting of the λ　point temperature (phase transition temperature) along the cell is studied experimentally and theoretically. Under gravity, the shifting of the λ point temperature in creases with the pressure. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical ones.     

Observation of the ideal Josephson effect in superfluid 4He

Superfluids and superconductors are the only states of condensed matter that can be described by a single wavefunction, with a coherent quantum phase Phi. The mass flow in a superfluid can be described by classical hydrodynamics for small flow velocity, but above a critical velocity, quantized vortices are created and the classical picture breaks down. This can be observed for a superfluid flowing through a microscopic aperture when the mass flow is measured as a function of the phase difference across the aperture; the curve resembles a hysteretic sawtooth where each jump corresponds to the creation of a vortex. When the aperture is made small enough, the system can enter the so-called 'ideal' Josephson regime, where the superfluid mass flow becomes a continuous function of the phase difference. This regime has been detected in superfluid 3He, but was hitherto believed to be unobservable, owing to fluctuations, in 4He. Here we report the observation of the ideal Josephson effect in 4He. We study the flow of 4He through an array of micro-apertures and observe a transition to the ideal Josephson regime as the temperature is increased towards the superfluid transition temperature, Tlambda.     

Influence of pulsing current on the glass transition and crystallizing kinetics of a Zr base bulk amorphous alloy

Based on the thermal analysis, the influence of pulsing current on the glass transition and crystallizing kinetics of Zr41.3Ti14.2CU12.8Ni10.3Be21.4 bulk amorphous alloy has been studied. The obtained results show that after the Zr41.3Ti14.2CU12.8Ni10.3Be21.4 bulk amorphous alloy was pretreated by high-density pulsing current at low temperature, its glass transition temperature Tg, the initial crystallizing temperature Tx and the corresponding exothermic peak of crystallization Tpi were reduced. But the temperature range of supercooled liquid △T=Tx-Tg is almost the same. The calculated results with Kissinger equation show that the activation energy of glass transition of the alloy pretreated is reduced significantly, while the activation energy of crystallization is basically unchanged. The influence of pulsing current on the glass transition and crystallization of theZr41.3Ti14.2CU12.8Ni10.3Be21.4 bulk amorphous alloy is believed to be related with the structure relaxation of the glass caused by the current.     

双阳离子型离子液体[C4(MIM)2][PF6]2的比热容测定及其模型化

利用差示扫描量热计(DSC)测定了双阳离子型离子液体1,1′-(丁烷-1,4-二基)-双(3-甲基-1H-咪唑鎓-1-基)双六氟磷酸盐([C4(MIM)2][PF6]2) 在293.15～513.15 K 温区内的摩尔比热容。结果表明,在 293.15～363.15 K 和 398.15～513.15 K 温区内,该化合物无相变及其他热异常现象发生,比热容随温度变化符合二次方程。在 363.15～398.15 K 温区内,该物质发生固-液熔化相变,其熔化温度、熔化焓及熔化熵分别为 384.71 K、28.243 kJ/mol 和 73.414 J/（K·mol）。根据热力学函数关系式,计算出 [C4(MIM)2][PF6]2 相对于标准参考温度298.15 K的热力学函数值。采用基团贡献法对液相区的热容进行了估算,结果表明,估算值与实验值符合很好。     

并行蒸发器两相冷却系统支路散热不平衡性的实验研究

 对并行蒸发器机械泵驱动两相流冷却系统各个支路散热量不平衡条件下散热特性进行实验研究,结果表明并行蒸发段各支路的流量分配同管路的阻力有关,当上下两侧蒸发器的热量不平衡时,质量流量的分配始终是一个动态的变化过程,其中,热负荷较大的一侧,阻力不断增加,流量逐渐减小,而热负荷较小的一侧流量在不断变大,并且热量差越大,流量差变化越快;当减小并行支路的热量差有利于蒸发段的散热平衡,热量差越小,系统散热稳定性越强。同毛细泵驱动的两相冷却系统相比,机械泵驱动的两相流冷却系统的散热性好,等温性高,热不平衡处理能力强,并行支路热负荷之差可以达到100多倍,并且能够保持较长的稳定运行。     

Probable heat capacity signature of the supersolid transition

Liquid 4He enters the superfluid state and flows without friction below 2.176 K. Thin liquid films adsorbed on solid substrates undergo the same transformation, although at a lower temperature. When the substrate is subjected to oscillatory motion a portion of the film, known as the superfluid fraction, decouples from the oscillation. A similar phenomenon has been observed in solid 4He, in which a fraction of the solid seems to decouple from the motion of the surrounding lattice. Although this observation has been replicated in various laboratories, no thermodynamic signature of the possible supersolid transition has been seen. Here we report the finding of a heat capacity peak that coincides with the onset of mass decoupling. This complementary experimental evidence supports the existence of a genuine transition between the normal solid and supersolid phases of 4He.     

An intrinsic velocity-independent criterion for superfluid turbulence

Hydrodynamic flow in classical and quantum fluids can be either laminar or turbulent. Vorticity in turbulent flow is often modelled with vortex filaments. While this represents an idealization in classical fluids, vortices are topologically stable quantized objects in superfluids. Superfluid turbulence is therefore thought to be important for the understanding of turbulence more generally. The fermionic 3He superfluids are attractive systems to study because their characteristics vary widely over the experimentally accessible temperature regime. Here we report nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and numerical simulations indicating the existence of sharp transition to turbulence in the B phase of superfluid 3He. Above 0.60T(c) (where T(c) is the transition temperature for superfluidity) the hydrodynamics are regular, while below this temperature we see turbulent behaviour. The transition is insensitive to the fluid velocity, in striking contrast to current textbook knowledge of turbulence. Rather, it is controlled by an intrinsic parameter of the superfluid: the mutual friction between the normal and superfluid components of the flow, which causes damping of the vortex motion.     

甲醇与O[3P]反应机理的从头算及动力学

采用UQCISD/ 6-311G (d,p )从头算方法,优化甲醇和O [³P ]的反应两个通道、反应物、过渡态和产物的几何构型。进一步运用G2方法进行单点能量校正,得出通道 (1)和通道 (2)的位垒分别是48.86kJ/mol和28.89kJ/mol。并指出通道 (1 )是吸热反应,而通道 (2 )是放热反应。在300～3200K温度范围内,采用传统过渡态理论计算两个反应通道各自的速率常数k₁ 和k₂ ,由此采用非线性最小二乘法,得出这两个反应通道各自的速率方程为k₁=2.43×10^-18×T^2.23×exp(- 32.97/T)cm³mol^-1 s^-1 (300K≤T≦3200K), k₂=6.12× 1 0 ^-18×T^2.19×exp(- 1396/T)cm³mol^-1s^-1(300K≤T≦3200K) 2/k₁对温度变化的依赖关系。计算得出CH₃OH和O[³P]反应的总速率常数k₁₊₂ ,与实验结果取得很好的一致。