Mechanism of inhibition of IgE-dependent histamine release from rat mast cells by xestobergsterol A from the Okinawan marine spongeXestospongia bergquistia

Histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells induced by anti-IgE was essentially complete within 4–5 min. Xestobergsterol A and B, which are constituents of the Okinawan marine spongeXestospongia bergquistia Fromont, dose-dependently inhibited anti-IgE-induced histamine release from rat mast cells. The IC₅₀ values of xestobergsterol A and B for histamine release in mast cells activated by anti-IgE were 0.07 and 0.11 M, respectively. Anti-IgE stimulated PI-PLC activity in a mast cell membrane preparation. Xestobergsterol A dose-dependently inhibited the generation of IP3 and membrane-bound PI-PLC activity. Moreover, xestobergsterol A inhibited Ca²⁺-mobilization from intracellular Ca²⁺-stores as well as histamine release in mast cells activated by anti-IgE. On the other hand, xestobergsterol B did not inhibit the membrane-bound and cytosolic PI-PLC activity, IP3 generation or the initial rise in [Ca²⁺]_i in mast cells activated by anti-IgE. These results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition by xestobergsterol A of the initial rise in [Ca²⁺]_i, of the generation of IP3, and of histamine release induced by anti-IgE, was through the inhibition of PI-PLC activity.     

Effect of metabolic inhibitors on the release of histamine by anaphylatoxin and by antigenin vitro

Zusammenfassung Es wird durchin vitro-Anaphylaxie an Rattenzwerchfell und Meerschweinchenlunge gezeigt, dass die Freisetzung von Histamin durch Dinitrophenol, Cyanid und Sauerstoffmangel gehemmt wird. Diese Hemmung kann aber durch Zufügen von Glukose durchbrochen werden. Die anaphylaktische Freisetzung von Histamin ist also an stoffwechselaktive Mastzellen gebunden.     

Potentiation of histamine and inhibition of diamine oxidase by mescaline

Zusammenfassung Anhand zweier Versuchsanordnungen wird gezeigt, dass Meskalin Histaminwirkungen verstärken kann. Ausserdem vermag es die Histamin zerstörende Wirkung der Diaminooxydase zu hemmen (in 10^–5-molarer Konzentration).Es wird die Möglichkeit diskutiert, dass diese Eigenschaften mit der 4-Methoxyphenyl-äthylamin-Struktur des Meskalins in Zusammenhang stehen könnten.     

Investigation on the mechanism of prostaglandins release

Résumé Des substances qui semblent être des prostaglandines, détectées par des méthodes de bioassay, se libèrent dans la circulation des rats anesthesiés lors de l'expansion soit de l'espace extracellulaire, soit du volume intravasaculaire. Lors de l'expansion du donneur, en circulation-croisée, il se libère une substance capable de produire une baisse de la tension artérielle du receveur.     

Monosynaptic inhibition of thalamic neurons produced by stimulation of the substantia nigra

Summary Electrical stimulation to the substantia nigra (Pars reticulata) produced a monosynaptic inhibition of the neurons of the ventromedial necleus of the thalamus in anesthetized cats.     

Role of calcium in the histamine release induced by D-galactosamine from rat mast cells

Rat peritoneal mast cells were isolated and purified by differential centrifugation in Ficoll. Cells pooled from three to four rats were suspended at approximately 10(6) cells/ml in a buffered salt solution and incubated for 1 h at 37 degrees C in 300 microliter volumes in the absence or presence (9 X 10(-4) M) of calcium chloride. Addition of D-galactosamine hydrochloride (DGM; 2.8 X 10(-4)M) caused (in addition to basal release) a mean +/- SEM percent histamine release of 15.7 +/- 5.2 in the presence of Ca++ and 19 +/- 4.9 in the absence of Ca++ (p greater than 0.05). It is suggested that D-galactosamine does not require extracellular Ca++ for the release of histamine from the rat mast cell.     

Role of calcium in the histamine release induced by D-galactosamine from rat mast cells

Summary Rat peritoneal mast cells were isolated and purified by differential centrifugation in Ficoll. Cells pooled from three to four rats were suspended at approximately 10⁶ cells/ml in a buffered salt solution and incubated for 1 h at 37°C in 300 l volumes in the absence or presence (9×10^–4 M) of calcium chloride. Addition of D-galactosamine hydrochloride (DGM; 2.8×10^–4 M) caused (in addition to basal release) a mean ±SEM percent histamine release of 15.7±5.2 in the presence of Ca⁺⁺ and 19±4.9 in the absence of Ca⁺⁺ (p>0.05). It is suggested that D-galactosamine does not require extracellular Ca⁺⁺ for the release of histamine from the rat mast cell.A preliminary analysis of these results was presented at the International Symposium on calcium entry blockers and tissue protection, Rome, 15–16 March 1984.     

Influence of oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors on the histamine release in the anaphylactic reactionin vitro

Résumé Des expériences ont été faites pour étudier l'influence des inhibiteurs de la phosphorylation oxydative sur la libération d'histamine pendant la réaction anaphylactique.Une inhibition de la libération d'histamine a été observée, suggérant que des composés phosphorylés riches en énergie sont liés au mécanisme de libération.

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Fellow from the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas.     

Effect of prolonged inhibition of histidine decarboxylase on tissue histamine concentrations

In rats, chronic infusion of alpha-fluoromethyl histidine, a selective irreversible inhibitor of mammalian histidine decarboxylase, caused a marked depletion of histamine in all tissues examined. There were no gross pharmacological effects associated with this depletion.     

Cytochemical and chromatographic demonstration of platelet histamine release by antigen-antibody reaction in vitro

Zusammenfassung Einfache Färbemethode und Elektrophoresetechnik zum Nachweis von Thrombocyten-Histamin zur Aufdeckung einer allergischen Überempfindlichkeit vom Sofort-Typ: zum Versuch dienten gegenüber Ei-Albumin überempfindliche Kaninchen, zum Vergleich der Basophildegranulationstest.     

Effect of calcium and temperature on histamine release from pig lung by compound 48/80

Zusammenfassung Es zeigt sich, dass die anaphylaktische Histaminausschüttung Calcium benötigt und bei neidriger Temperatur vollkommen gehemmt wird. Bei Zugabe der Substanz 48/80 erweist sich die dadurch hervorgerufene Histaminausschüttung als dosisabhängig und benötigt kein extrazelluläres Calcium. Die Reaktion wird bei niedriger Temperatur (4°C) nur teilweise gehemmt. Sie kann daher nicht als zweckmässiges Modell für das Studium der anaphylaktischen Histaminausschüttung der Lunge angesehen werden.

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This investigation was supported by United States Public Health Service Grants Nos. OH-00304 and HE-14179.     

Effects of altered thyroid state on the inhibition produced by locus coeruleus in purkinje cells in the rat

Summary The number of cerebellar Purkinje cells inhibited after locus coeruleus stimulation was found to be greater in hyperthyroid rats than in control healthy animals; these in turn showed a higher percentage of inhibited cells than hypothyroid rats. It is concluded that thyroid hormone is capable of modulating synaptic activity in the LC-PC pathway.     

Tribenoside as an inhibitor of chemically induced histamine release

Zusammenfassung In einem Peritonealzell-System der Ratte zeigt ein Alkyl-Prolyl-Derivat von Corticotrophin (C44 680-Ba) eine grössere Histamin-freisetzende Wirkung als Compound 48/80. Dieser Effekt der beiden Substanzen kann durch Verbindungen gehemmt werden, die antiinflammatorische und/oder anti-allergische Eigenschaften besitzen. Tribenosid (Glyvenol^®) und Polyphloretinphosphat erweisen sich als sehr aktive Inhibitoren dieser chemisch induzierten Histamin-Freisetzung, während Diaethylcarbamazin und Dinatriumcromoglycat nur einen geringen Hemmffekt ergeben.

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The skilful technical assistance of MissS. Thorwirth and Mr.U. Niederhauser is gratefully acknowledged.