微波法从绿茶中提取茶多酚的工艺研究

为了得到成本低、提取效率高、环保、节约的绿茶中茶多酚提取方法,以乙醇为提取剂,采用微波加热法从低档绿茶中提取茶多酚。研究了提取剂浓度、料液比、微波提取功率、微波提取时间、提取级数几个因素对茶多酚提取率的影响,获得了微波法提取绿茶中茶多酚的最佳提取条件。结果表明,采用50%乙醇溶液为提取剂,料液比(g/mL)为1∶9,提取功率设定为320W,提取时间18s,微波浸提2次,此提取条件下,绿茶中茶多酚提取率较传统提取法高,可达23.4%。该方法较传统提取方法工艺简单、成本低、提取时间短、节约能源,可广泛用于提取绿茶中的茶多酚。     

淡竹叶中茶多酚的微波辅助提取

以淡竹叶为原料,采用乙醇作为提取溶剂,研究了在微波辐射下提取茶多酚的工艺条件。探讨了茶多酚的提取方法及相应的提取条件;对微波功率、溶剂浓度、料液比、提取时间和提取级数等影响因素进行了研究,按照GB/T8313-2002标准,用UV-9200型分光光度计对茶多酚的吸光度进行了测定,同时对提取得到的茶多酚收率进行了分析。结果表明,微波辅助法从淡竹叶中提取茶多酚的适宜工艺条件为:淡竹叶在60%乙醇溶液中浓度为0.125g/mL,3级提取,提取功率320W,提取时间4min。此条件下茶多酚收率为1.43%。     

微波在茶多酚提取技术上的应用研究

以不为介质,对绿茶进行微波处理,结果表明,料液比（W／V）1：20,时间3min,微波浸提2次,再50℃水溶液浸提1次10min,茶多酚浸出率达90％以上,与传统水煮法及溶剂提取法相比,此法提取率高,省溶剂,大大提高了提取效率。     

普洱茶中茶多酚和茶多糖的提取工艺研究

以普洱茶为材料、水为提取溶剂,通过正交设计考察了浸提温度、浸提时间、溶剂用量、浸提次数4个因素对其所含茶多酚和茶多糖提取得率的影响,优化茶多酚和茶多糖综合提取工艺.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为浸提温度80℃,浸提时间1 h,溶剂用量(固液比)1∶10,浸提次数1次.在优化的提取工艺条件下,提取物干物质得率为20.65%,其中茶多酚含量为30.47%,茶多糖含量为57.26%,且该提取物作用于高脂饮食小鼠降脂效果显著.     

超声波及微波提取豆粕中总黄酮的工艺优化

对超声波及微波提取异黄酮的工艺进行优化.超声波提取最佳条件:60%乙醇、60℃、功率400W、提取30min,微波法提取最佳条件:微波功率560W,料液比为1:30g/mL,微波处理4min溶剂浸提40min.结果表明,超声波及微波处理能有效缩短提取时间,提高提取率.     

茶多酚的提取及滴丸制备工艺的研究

建立茶多酚提取及滴丸的制备工艺.采用沉淀法提取茶多酚,正交试验方法考察温度、料液比、乙醇质量分数、浸提时间对沉淀率的影响.同时考察了浸膏与基质的比例,浸膏与基质的混合温度、冷凝剂的温度对滴丸制剂的影响.确立了最佳浸提方案及滴丸制备条件.即在70℃条件下,用60%的乙醇水溶液浸提2次,料液比为1∶25,浸提时间为20 min.浸膏与基质以1∶6的比例于65℃条件下混合均匀,滴于15℃的液体石蜡中冷却成丸.本法有利于茶多酚的充分提取及滴丸制剂的成型.     

油茶叶茶多酚的提取及其抗氧化活性研究

采用微波辅助法提取油茶叶茶多酚,并通过单因素试验与响应曲面法优化提取工艺.利用高效液相色谱法定性分析油茶叶中儿茶素类主要成分以及体外抗氧化法评价其抗氧化活性.结果表明:油茶叶茶多酚最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度40%、料液比1∶40、微波时间120s、微波功率400W,此条件下,茶多酚提取的得率为9.59%;油茶叶儿茶素类主要成分为EGC和EC,无EGCG、ECG及C;儿茶素类成分具有良好的DPPH自由基、羟自由基清除活性和较强的总还原能力.     

超声波法从茶叶中提取苯多酚

介绍以陈年绿茶为原料,用超声波法提取茶多酚,并以常温浸提做比较,分别改变提取剂的浓度、体积、酸度、提取时间及料液比对产品提取率的影响进行了探讨。结果表明超声波提取茶多酚的最佳工艺条件为：70％乙醇作浸提剂,pH值为1～2,当浸提时间40min及料液比为1：10。两次超声辐射浸提后提取率为89．29／6,该法与常规溶剂提取法相比,具有提取温度低,产品得率高,氧化损耗小等特点。     

微波法提取柚皮中黄酮类化合物的工艺研究

应用微波萃取技术,以柚子皮为原料提取黄酮类化合物,用紫外分光光度法测定提取液中的黄酮类化合物的含量.在微波单因素浸提的基础上,采取正交优化试验,以探讨微波功率、料液比、微波处理时间、pH值、溶剂及溶剂的浓度对黄酮类化合物提取率的影响.正交实验表明,微波法提取黄酮类化合物的最佳条件是:微波功率是595W、微波处理时间20s、液料比为15:1、pH值为11、溶剂是浓度为80%的乙醇,在此条件下浸提,所得的黄酮类化合物含量为0.748%.在该工艺条件下,黄酮类化合物的得率比较高、所需要的时间短,是一种快速、高效、节能、环保的新型提取工艺.     

超声提取绿茶茶多酚研究

在单因素基础上,通过正交实验,研究超声提取法对绿茶茶多酚提取率的影响,并优选出提取工艺的最佳条件.结果表明,超声波作用15 min提取率为10.710%,而水提浸作用1 h的提取率仅为10.638%,表明超声提取缩短了时间.正交实验的结果给出超声提取的最佳提取工艺为料液比1:45,时间为15 min,功率为480 W.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that