毛细蒸发相变界面的数学模型和机理

通过对毛细蒸发相变界面的机理研究,提出了热流对毛细抽吸两相流体回路和回路热管蒸发冷凝界面的影响,推导出蒸发冷凝相变界面的一个新的修正的杨一拉普拉斯方程;采用热力学理论,分析和建立了这一驱动机制的简化数学模型;推导出由于热作用对杨一拉普拉斯方程及相变界面的影响,并得出毛细半径与蒸发温度以及热流密度之间的关系式,对毛细芯热管的驱动原理作出新的阐释.     

燕尾形轴向槽道热管的蒸发冷凝传热特性

建立了燕尾形轴向槽道热管蒸发和冷凝薄液膜传热特性理论模型,并对模型进行了数值求解.对蒸发薄液膜区液膜厚度、接触面温度和热流密度分布进行了分析,给出了汽液接触面蒸发/冷凝传热系数沿轴向的变化.研究表明:在蒸发薄液膜区域,薄液膜厚度沿槽壁方向呈线性增加;汽液接触面的温度在起点几乎和壁面温度相同,随着薄液膜厚度的增加而迅速降低;在薄液膜的起始段,热流密度快速达到最大值,随即迅速减小.蒸发段的蒸发传热系数大于冷凝段的冷凝传热系数,蒸发/冷凝传热系数在整个绝热段并不都为零.同时,通过实验验证了模型的正确性.     

回路脉动热管稳定运行理论模型的建立与分析

运用热力学和流体力学的分析方法建立简单回路脉动热管稳定运行的理论模型.分析显示,稳定循环时,系统循环体积功用于克服系统循环耗散功,而系统循环耗散功(热)与热管传热量呈一定关系.通过关联蒸发段与冷凝段的流动和传热,工质初始参数,热管几何参数以及运行参数,对传热和流动进行耦合求解.结果表明,稳定运行充液率xv范围为10%～80%,稳定传热功率随蒸发段进口温度tel和蒸发段温升Δte的升高而增大,其中,温升的影响大于蒸发段进口温度的影响;充液率在30%～50%之间时,存在极限传热功率;传热量中的显热份额随蒸发段进口温度和温升的提高而降低,但不随充液率变化.     

同心套管结构内热式重力热管的传热性能试验

搭建了同心套管结构内热式重力热管的试验装置.测试了自然冷却条件下同心套管结构内热式重力热管的启动性能和传热性能,研究了热管蒸发段的管内蒸发传热系数和冷凝段的管内冷凝传热系数随传热量的变化规律.结果表明,在热管外管保温条件下,热管具有较好的启动性能;在热管外管未保温条件下,热管具有较好的整体均温性;在相同的蒸发段加热热流密度时,外管未保温条件下的管内蒸发换热系数要比外管保温条件下的大;外管保温条件下的管内冷凝换热系数要比外管未保温条件下的大.     

纤维复合沟槽吸液芯微热管的传热性能实验

为了进一步提高微热管的传热性能,提出了一种新型的纤维复合沟槽毛细吸液芯结构,对外径为8 mm、内部气体通道直径为4.5 mm的纤维复合沟槽的烧结式微热管(GF)进行了实验研究,其中填充纤维的长度分别为2和5mm(对应的微热管分别记作GF2和GF5),并将GF与铜粉复合沟槽微热管(GA)进行对比.结果发现GF的传热性能更好:GF2和GF5吸液芯的平均孔隙率分别可达71.6％和76.3％,并能实现孔隙率的区域化分布;GF2的极限传热功率高达140W以上,输入功率为20 ～ 70W时,蒸发段、冷凝段热阻和总热阻都较低,分别稳定在0.04、0.03和0.07℃/W附近,具有很高的热传导率;输入功率为70W以上时,冷凝段及总热阻都有明显上升趋势,但总热阻仍比GA的低;热管蒸发段温度与蒸发段热阻关系较密切,而总热阻的变化趋势则与冷凝段的基本相同.     

分离式热管蒸发段传热特性的试验研究

通过对分离式热管水平及小倾角蒸发段传热特性的大比例尺模型进行试验研究 ,获得了其壁温特性及换热规律 ,探讨了热流密度、工作温度、倾角及充液率等因素对传热特性的影响 .结果表明 ,与蒸发段垂直布置的分离式热管相比 ,水平及小倾角热管的换热系数较小 .当热流密度大于 2 0ｋＷ /ｍ2 时 ,蒸发管上下管壁的温差增大 ,沿管长方向上管壁温度的波动较大 ,使得上管壁的换热系数降低 ,局部烧干热负荷过早出现 ,使得热管的工作范围减小 .此外 ,还得出了水平蒸发管平均换热系数的无量纲准则关系式 .分离式热管蒸发段传热特性的试验研究@王建伟$西…     

一种新型脉动热管及其传热性能研究

为提高脉动热管的传热性能,本文提出了一种将文丘里管段与脉动热管相结合新型脉动热管,分别将文丘里管段布置在蒸发段、冷凝段、绝热段,利用文丘里效应促进脉动热管中工质的循环,并运用Fluent数值模拟中的VOF模型,从压差、温度等因素,研究了新型闭环脉动热管（CLPHP）的传热性能。结果表明：在相同的热流密度下,文丘里脉动热管的启动时间均比普通脉动热管启动时间短,其中3号(文丘里管段位于蒸发段)脉动热管启动时间最短;在小输入热流密度下,由于文丘里脉动热管能维持较长时间的小幅振荡,使其热阻均小于普通脉动热管,在32238 W/m2时,3号脉动热管换热性能最佳。在输入热流密度大于32238 W/m2以后,文丘里脉动热管的热阻均大于普通脉动热管热阻。新型脉动热管的传热性能的研究为小输入热流密度脉动热管的优化设计提供了新思路,为工程应用提供了设计依据。     

无重力条件下毛细相变流体回路的稳定性研究

利用Lucas-Washburn方程对毛细管液柱内液体的受力情况进行分析，获得了无重力条件下相变毛细管中流体上升高度与毛细管半径以及热流密度的关系式，并用此关系式分析了相变流体回路中回路压降与毛细芯界面高度位置的关系，同时，利用小扰动理论对影响界面高度的参数进行了分析研究，指出毛细相变回路广泛用于航天电子器件散热的原因是其一般在过阻尼状态下工作，具有极强的抗扰动能力．当工作热流一定时，为了提高系统的稳定性能，应采用毛细半径较小的毛细芯．文中导出的毛细提升系数和影响界面高稳定性的因素，对毛细泵流体回路（CPL）、回路热管（LHP）和毛细芯热管（CHP）系统的设计和工作流体的选择提供了一定的理论依据．     

一种利用气泡泵效应重力辅助回路热管的实验研究

随着芯片集成度的提高及微型化,为了满足高热流密度电子器件的散热需求,提出了一种利用气泡泵效应重力辅助回路热管,并对其传热性能进行了详细的实验研究.实验中加热功率为21～646W,对应热流密度范围为1.67～51.4W/cm2,采用去离子水为工质.研究结果表明:利用气泡泵效应虽然会增大传输过程的传输热阻,但却能有效增强蒸发腔内扰流,进而增强换热,提高临界换热热流密度;加热功率为646 W时,最小热阻为0.11℃/W;对于本装置,存在一个最佳充液高度,通过观察实验流型图可知,当上升管内为环状流时,充液高度比较合理;蒸发段热阻始终占据总热阻主要部分.研究工作为其在芯片冷却领域的应用打下了良好基础.     

复合吸液芯微细直径热管的传热性能分析

对3种复合吸液芯微细直径热管(外径2 mm)进行了理论分析和实验研究,3种吸液芯分别为铜粉丝网复合吸液芯(SMCP)、泡沫铜丝网复合吸液芯(SMCF)和复合丝网吸液芯(MSM);结合毛细极限理论分析了这3种热管的极限传热功率,并分析其在不同充液率下的极限传热功率、轴向温度分布和蒸发冷凝热阻特性.结果表明:SMCP、SMCF和MSM热管的最佳充液率分别为110%、95%和90%,此时其极限传热功率均为7 W,与理论计算值接近;3种热管的轴向温差随着加热功率的增大而增大,其轴向温差最大值分别为4.22、4.20和4.90℃;随着加热功率的增大,蒸发热阻逐渐增大;充液率较低时,冷凝热阻变化幅度不大,充液率较高时,SMCP热管的冷凝热阻出现较大幅度波动,而SMCF和MSM热管的冷凝热阻相对稳定;当3种热管的充液率为各自最佳充液率且加热功率为7 W时,其蒸发热阻分别为0.437、0.493和0.591℃/W,冷凝热阻分别为0.167、0.106和0.110℃/W.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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