PEG催化合成1.4-双(咪唑-1-基)丁烷

本文以聚乙二醇(PEG)为相转移催化剂,由咪唑和1.4-二溴丁烷,在苯,50%的NaOH溶液中反应,合成了1.4-双(咪唑-1-基)丁烷.该法条件温和,操作简单,产品分离,纯化方便,产率92%,具有一定的实用价值.     

25-羟基-26,27，28-三丁氧基杯[4]芳烃的合成

以杯[4]芳烃为原料,溴代正丁烷为烷基化试剂合成了25-羟基-26,27,28-三丁氧基杯[4]芳烃,以红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对其结构进行了表征,并且通过正交实验对其合成条件进行了优化.实验结果表明:当杯[4]芳烃1.0 g,Ba(OH)2·8H2O 1.12 g,BaO 0.54 g,溴代正丁烷9 mL,以DMF 25 mL做溶剂,在室温下反应12个小时, 25-羟基-26,27,28-三丁氧基杯[4]芳烃的产率最高可达44.5%.     

微波及超声波辅助合成溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑

用溴代正丁烷与N-甲基咪唑,在微波辐射和超声波协同作用下合成离子液体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,通过正交试验设计方法考察实验条件最高温度,合成反应时间,微波功率和超声波功率对合成产率的影响,优选得到最佳的合成所需要的实验条件:超声波功率100 W、微波功率400W、反应时间60min和最高温度60℃.溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑的结构通过红外光谱进行表征.在超声波和微波的协调作用下,此反应具有合成反应所需时间短,合成产物产率高,实验操作过程简便等优点.     

1-溴丁烷的制备过程中2-溴丁烷生成机理的探讨

使用正丁醇、溴化钠和硫酸反应制备1-溴丁烷,而副产物2-溴丁烷的产生影响了1-溴丁烷的产率和1-溴丁烷性质实验的验证.通过改变反应物的组成、来源及反应条件,可以从不同方面了解2-溴丁烷的生成机理,进而控制副反应的发生,减少1-溴丁烷的制备过程中副产物的生成.     

季铵盐型双子表面活性剂18-4-18的合成

以十八烷基二甲基叔胺与1,4-二溴丁烷为原料合成季铵盐型双子表面活性剂18-4-18,并通过单因素法确定该反应的最佳工艺条件。由实验得出合成18-4-18的最佳反应条件为:反应温度70℃,将1,4-二溴丁烷加入到过量的十八烷基二甲基叔胺中,反应物摩尔比为n(十八烷基二甲基叔胺):n(1,4-二溴丁烷)=2.2:1,保温搅拌48 h,反应产率为75.6%。     

固-液相转移催化合成1-氰基环丁烷-1-羧酸乙酯

以PEG6 0 0为相转移催化剂 ,无水碳酸钾为碱 ,1 ,2 -二氯乙烷为溶剂 ;氰基乙酸乙酯和 1 ,3-二溴丙烷为反应原料 ,经缩合反应较高产率的合成 1 -氰基环丁烷- 1 -羧酸乙酯 ,收率达 6 4 % ,此方法反应条件温和 ,原料便宜易得 ,操作简便安全。     

微波辐射相转移催化合成水杨酸正丁酯

在四丁基溴化铵催化下,采用微波常压法由水杨酸钠和溴代正丁烷发生亲核取代反应合成水杨酸正丁酯.结果表明:当n(水杨酸钠)∶n(溴代正丁烷)∶n(四丁基溴化铵) =1∶3∶0. 3时 ,采用 280W微波辐射 40min,水杨酸正丁酯的产率可达 96. 8%,反应速度远快于常规加热速度.     

1-正丁基环己醇实验室合成

设计了1-溴正丁烷与金属镁反应制备格氏试剂,并将其与环己酮反应合成1-正丁基环己醇的实验室合成方案,探讨了金属镁预处理、格氏试剂与环已酮反应时间等实验条件对产率的影响.实验结果表明:金属镁预处理与否对产率的影响不大,格氏试剂与环已酮反应时间需50 min,产率约为50.0%,完成整个实验约需5 h.     

正丁醇溴化制备1-溴丁烷实验的优化

在有机化学实验中,制备1-溴丁烷是一个具有代表性的卤代烃合成实验,但该反应过程中常常伴随消除反应和重排反应的发生,如果实验操作控制不当,容易造成副产物增多,产物收率低,甚至实验失败。从该反应的原理入手分析了影响1-溴丁烷制备实验效果的因素,改进了浓硫酸滴加的量和流程操控、产品的提纯等工艺条件,并取得了较好的实验效果。在最佳反应条件下,1-溴丁烷的产率可达80%,为优化实验教学方案提供了参考。     

5-溴-3-仲丁基-6-甲基脲嘧啶的合成及表征

研究了5-溴-3-仲丁基-6-甲基脲嘧啶（除草定）的新合成方法. 以2-溴丁烷和尿素作为起始原料,经缩合、环化、溴代三步反应得到除草定,总收率为61%. 用1HNMR,13CNMR,IR对产物结构进行了表征.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the