Die Wirkung von Adenin und Urazil auf das Wachstum vonB. coli commune

Summary The growth ofBacterium coli commune in culture-medium afterFriedlein containing glucose was controled by photometry. Addition of uracil hastens the growth slightly, addition of adenin delays it. The curve of growth with adenin shows two maxima similarly as the primary and secundary effect after irradiation of biological material by ultrashort rays. As known the irradiation of nucleic-acids sets in partial freedom purins and pyrimidins. These are changed again by intense irradiation. The news products of irradiation have probably also biological influences.     

Die Wirkung von Vasopressin und Oxytocin auf das Nervensystem von Insekten

Summary Vasopressin and oxytocin are antagonistically effective substances with inverse dependence on concentration in the nervous system of insects. These results emphasize the central importance of neurohormonal control of general response in the nervous system.     

Die Wirkung von Chinonen auf das Hefewachstum

Summary Certain derivatives ofp-benzoquinone and the naphthoquinones cause a strong inhibition of the growth of yeast. The strongest concentrations of some of these compounds even show a fungicidal potency. The authors discuss the possible mode of action of this inhibition.     

Wirkung von isomeren Hexachlorocyclohexanen auf das Wachstum vonPisumwurzeln in steriler Organkultur

Summary (1) A specific response of pea roots in sterile culture to gammexane (-hexachlorocyclohexane) has been observed; the-isomer is inactive. Slow concentrations (10/ml) of gammexane inhibit the growth-rate of pea roots in a fairly high degree. 1/ml does not influence the growth.(2) i-inositol—even in high concentration (60 i-inositol to 6 gammexane) does not show any antigammexane activity. Corresponding to the results obtained bySchopfer, Posternak and Miss Boss we could not find any direct correspondence between gammexane and i-inositol as it has been postulated bySlade. Any conclusions about spacial configuration of gammexane based upon biological investigations would be premature.     

Die Wirkung von Adrenalin auf das Ruhepotential von Myokardfasern des Vorhofs

Summary Dog auricle fibres were impaled by 2 intracellular electrodes. The first electrode measured the effect of adrenaline on the resting potential, and through the second one electrotonic impulses were applied.Adrenaline increases the resting potential by 1–35 mV. The polarisation is higher at a low resting potential and increases with the dose.Small polarisations were not accompanied by a detectable change of the membrane resistance. During higher polarisations, the membrane resistance was reduced to 50%.

---

---

Ausgeführt mit Unterstützung der deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Die Wirkung von Spirolactonen und von Herzglykosiden auf den Natrium- und Kaliumtransport an Erythrocyten

Summary Experiments made on human red cells showed that spirolactones (SC 5233 and SC 9420) added to the sample as dry powder (10^–3 g/ml) exert an inhibitory action on the active transport of sodium and potassium across the cell membrane. Spirolactone at its saturation concentration in serum (1.5×10^–5 g/ml), however, was ineffective.The inhibitory action was not affected by aldosterone or hydrocortisone.Experiments involving exposure of red cells to spirolactone and a cardiac glycoside simultaneously led to the conclusion that these substances do not have the same mechanism of action. The inhibition caused by spirolactone added to the inhibition due to a supramaximal concentration of ouabain (5 × 10^–4).

---

---

Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt durch ein Stipendium der CIBA für naturwissenschaftliche, medizinische und technische Forschung.     

Die Wirkung von Persantin auf Herzmuskel-Sarkosomen

Summary Addition of Persantin to respiring beef heart mitochondria leads to a considerable increase of the P/O-ratios in the presence of various substrates. Apparently Persantin is capable of bringing about a tighter coupling of oxidation and phosphorylation.     

Die Wirkung von Herzglykosiden und Kalzium auf den Kaliumtransport im Herzmuskel

Summary In isolated perfused guinea pig hearts, both strophanthin and calcium produced positive inotropic effects and contracture increasing with the concentration of the drugs. Strophanthin caused a net loss of potassium from the heart to the perfusing fluid whereas calcium did not interfer in the same way with potassium exchange. The data are consistent with the view that the positive inotropic effect of cardiac glycosides depends mainly on the increased intracellular calcium concentration, perhaps due to inhibition of the active potassium and sodium transport.     

Die Wirkung von Harmalin auf die Konzentration von Noradrenalin und Adrenalin im Herzen

Summary A single injection of harmaline increases the noradrenaline and adrenaline concentration in the rat heart. The maximum effect is obtained after about 40 min.     

Die Wirkung der Temperatur auf das Verhalten der Gewebsatmung poikilothermer und homoiothermer Tiere unter dem Einfluss von 4,6-Dinitro-o-kresol

Summary (1) The liver respirationin vitro of mice and toads was studied under the influence of 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol at temperatures varying from 17,5 to 42,5°C.(2) The percentage activity of the oxygen uptake of the mouse liver decreased progressively under dinitrocresol with rising temperatures, whereas the respiration of the toad liver showed inhibition at low temperatures and activation at higher temperature.(3) The results were interpreted following the theory of inhibitory types ofJohnson.     

Die Wirkung von Hybridenwein auf die Leber

Summary Experiments on rats revealed that liver damage caused by allyl alcohol (measured by the rate of necrosis) is enhanced by alcoholic beverages such as ethanol and European or hybride wine. In this respect, wine seems to cause more damage than mere alcohol.     

Elektrophysiologische Analyse der Wirkung von Adrenochrom auf das Kaninchengehirn

Summary The action of Adrenochrom on the brain was investigated electrophysiologically on the conscious rabbit. The moderate activation of the somatic behaviour and of the electrical brain-activity can be attributed to an increased activity of the ascending reticular system with simultaneous depression of the medio-thalamic intralaminary recruiting system, as well as to an increased activity of the hippocampus. Specific afferent (somesthetic) systems are only slightly moderated.     

Wirkung von NIH-LH auf das Ovar unreifer Ratten unter Progesteron-, Norgestrel- und Lynestrenol-Einfluss

Summary The influence of NIH-LH upon the ovary of infantile rats can be eliminated by treatment with progesterone, norgestrel and lynestrenol. This result suggests suppression of the hypophysary functions of gonadotropines. A direct influence of lynestrenol on the ovary suggests the presumption that some tertiary follicles change haemorrhagically.

---

---

Die Untersuchungen wurden mit einer Forschungsbeihilfe der Ford Foundation durchgeführt.     

Die Wirkung von Makrotetralidantibiotika auf photosynthetische Reaktionen in Spinatchloroplasten

Summary The macrotetralid antibiotic Dinactin uncouples phosphorylation from electron transport in illuminated chloroplasts in the presence of Na⁺ at lower concentrations than in K⁺, while the light-induced proton uptake is more inhibited in a medium with K⁺ than with Na⁺. The large volume changes of whole chloroplasts in the light and after addition of Dinactin are parallel to the amount of K⁺ in the chloroplasts.

---

---

Die Resultate der vorliegenden Arbeit entstanden zusammen mitElisabeth Bosshard-Heer, H. R. Hohl, Ch. Pflugshaupt undIngrid Specht-Jürgensen. Wir danken dem Schweizerischen Nationalfonds für die grosszügige Unterstützung.     

Die Wirkung von Benzpyren,Zigarettenrauchkondensat und passiver Berauchung auf die Bildung der Zoxazolaminhydroxylase

Summary Treatment with Benzo(a) pyrene, cigarette smoke condensate and cigarette smoke on hamsters and rats is able to induce zoxazolaminhydroxylase. Enzyme activity in hamsters is a priori higher, whereas the enzyme system in rats is of higher inducibility.     

Die Wirkung von synthetischem Oxytocin (Syntocinon) und Acetazolamid auf die Ausscheidung von Wasser,Natrium und Kalium

Summary Changes in water, sodium, and potassium excretion following administration of synthetic oxytocin (Syntocinon)—alone or in combination with acetazolamide— resemble the changes that occur after an equivalent dose of neurohypophysial extract containing oxytocin. Since the action of Syntocinon on water and sodium excretion is manifest when carbonic anhydrase in kidney tissue is fully inhibited by acetazolamide, it may be assumed that the mechanism whereby Syntocinon increases sodium excretion is independent of carbonic anhydrase. Oxytocin does not affect ultrafiltration in the glomeruli (Krause ⁴) and would therefore appear to modify the reabsorption or excretion process in the tubuli.     

Die Wirkung von Demecolceinamiden an Zellenin vitro

Summary A series of demecolceinamids was examinedin vitro on chicken fibroblasts, leucocytes, and different bacteria. It was found that with increasing length of the side chain on ring C the antimitotic activity is decreasing while the antibacterial effect is increasing.     

Die Wirkung von Na3[Ca-DTPA] auf den Glykogengehalt von Niere und Leber der Ratte

Summary DTPA, a derivative of EDTA, in doses of 1, 2, 4, and 8 mmoles kg^–1/d ^–1 causes a histochemically detectable increase of glycogen in the kidneys and a decrease of glycogen in the liver of rats. Furthermore, a severe damage of the intestinal mucosa has been demonstrated; its possible relevance for the pathogenesis of the other findings is discussed.     

Zur Wirkung von Narkotin auf den Hustenreflex und auf die Bronchialmuskulatur

Summary In experiments on cats cough reflexes were elicited by mechanical stimuli applied to the mucosa of the tracheobronchial tree. Narcotine was found to diminish or to depress the cough reflex in doses of 0.1–1.0 mg/kg and was thus about as effective as codeine. On the bronchial muscles narcotine produced no effect or a bronchodilatation whereas codeine produced a bronchoconstrictor effect. As an isochinoline derivative narcotine should not be liable to cause addiction.