基于多光谱法的目标真温及光谱发射率自动识别算法研究

针对以往目标真温及光谱发射率的计算结果偏差较大的问题,提出了一种新的发射率假设模型,并在此基础上提出了一种新的多光谱辐射温度计的数据处理方法,即通过处理2个不同温度点处的多光谱辐射温度计的测量数据,可同时获知2个温度点处的真温及光谱发射率.仿真结果表明,只要温度估计初值与真实情况的误差在±200K以内,即可得到较好的计算温度值和计算发射率值.新方法在不需要实时数据处理的场合,是一种自动辨识目标真温及光谱发射率的较实用的方法,可适用于大多数工程材料的目标真温及光谱发射率的测量问题.     

大气环境中Al5052光谱发射率研究

基于基尔霍夫定律,利用砷化镓(GaAs)半导体激光器作为标准光源设计了一种反射式光谱发射率测量装置.使用该装置在300K至873K之间对Al5052的光谱发射率进行了系统的研究,并利用最小二乘法对测量数据进行了线性拟合.研究结果表明:Al5052的光谱发射率随着温度的升高而缓慢增大.通过对673K,773K,823K,873K4个温度点持续5h的恒温测量发现:当温度小于823K时,Al5052的光谱发射率非常稳定,随着时间的增加基本保持不变;当温度大于823K时,在开始的2h内,光谱发射率随着时间的增加而增大.2h之后,由于表面氧化达到一定程度,光谱发射率数值开始趋于稳定.     

大气环境中Al5052光谱发射率研究

基于基尔霍夫定律,利用砷化镓(GaAs)半导体激光器作为标准光源设计了一种反射式光谱发射率测量装置.使用该装置在300K至873K之间对Al5052的光谱发射率进行了系统的研究,并利用最小二乘法对测量数据进行了线性拟合.研究结果表明:Al5052的光谱发射率随着温度的升高而缓慢增大.通过对673K,773K,823K,873K4个温度点持续5h的恒温测量发现:当温度小于823K时,Al5052的光谱发射率非常稳定,随着时间的增加基本保持不变;当温度大于823K时,在开始的2h内,光谱发射率随着时间的增加而增大.2h之后,由于表面氧化达到一定程度,光谱发射率数值开始趋于稳定.     

空气中Al6061氧化过程红外发射率特性研究

基于自主搭建的材料光谱发射率测量装置,分别对铝合金6061在5个温度点(623K、673K、723K、773K、823K)测量氧化前后的发射率,分析了温度、波长、氧化时间、粗糙度对铝合金样品发射率的影响.实验结果表明:铝合金6061的发射率随波长的增加而降低,随温度的升高而增大,温度对发射率的影响程度在不同波长下是不同的.表面氧化会增加样品表面的粗糙度,从而造成发射率数值增加,氧化效应对发射率的影响程度在不同温度、波长下是不同的,氧化效应可使发射率最大增加0.05(723K时).温度为823K时,发射率随氧化时间的变化可用抛物线模型很好地拟合.     

前置反射器辐射温度计的研究

导出了奠定前置反射器辐射温度计理论基础的被围表面有效发射率新公式。此式也是红外辐射测温技术的基本公式之一。被测表面在反射器作用下会引起表面温升现象,由此根据所拟定的边界条件和初始条件解一维热传导方程,求得被测表面温升的理论公式。上述两式都与实验结果相吻合。为深入了解该类型仪表的测温原理,对该类型辐射测温仪表的系统误差进行了分析,各项有效发射率增量的累计与理论有效发射率之和(实际有效发射率)同实际测量误差相比,吻合较好。此种辐射温度计在1000℃时,误差在±10℃以内。     

金属防热瓦温度及发射率的测量

为了解决金属防热瓦在连续加热过程中热边表面温度和发射率的测量问题,基于多光谱辐射测温的参考温度数学模型,提出了一种数据处理方法。该方法假设材料的光谱发射率在选定的光谱处与温度有近似相同的线性关系,通过处理两个不同温度点处的多光谱测量数据,从而得到防热瓦的真温及光谱发射率。采用多光谱辐射高温计测量了某种防热瓦在900-1300℃的温度范围内的辐射,并进行数据处理。实验结果表明:只要温度估计初值与真实情况的误差在±200℃以内,即可得到较好的计算温度值和计算发射率值,测量不确定度在2%以内。     

金属防热瓦温度及发射率的测量

为了解决金属防热瓦在连续加热过程中热边表面温度和发射率的测量问题,基于多光谱辐射测温的参考温度数学模型,提出了一种数据处理方法。该方法假设材料的光谱发射率在选定的光谱处与温度有近似相同的线性关系,通过处理2个不同温度点处的多光谱测量数据,从而得到防热瓦的真温及光谱发射率。采用多光谱辐射高温计测量了某种防热瓦在900~1 300℃的温度范围内的辐射,并进行数据处理。实验结果表明:只要温度估计初值与真实情况的误差在±200℃以内,即可得到较好的计算温度值和计算发射率值,测量不确定度在2%以内。     

气液两相流的双参数流量测量系统及其标定

描述并建立了一个基于互相关技术的气液两相流双参数测量系统。可通过标定曲线R～(-(?))和K～(DP,R)实现每相流量的在线测量。实验结果表明,其测量值总体平均百分误差在±4％以内。     

65Mn钢的光谱发射率研究

在800～1 100 K的温度范围内,采用单波长测温方法,利用自行研制的实验装置,在空气中测量研究了16个不同温度下65Mn钢的光谱发射率随测量时间的变化情况.研究结果表明光谱发射率的共振与65Mn钢的表面氧化情况密切相关.由表面氧化导致光谱发射率的不确定性为5.7%～14.6%,相应的温度误差为6.2～11.1 K.通过建模拟合,同时也得到了光谱发射率随加热时间变化的解析表达式,模拟计算结果与实验结果符合较好.     

红外热像技术探测硫化矿石自燃火源的影响因素及其解决方法

红外热像技术已成为火源探测的一种新方法,但其应用于井下自燃火源探测的实际操作中还存在许多不足。为了准确、快速地获取自燃矿石表面的温度场,初步探讨了发射率、感温距离、背景噪声、井下环境及热像仪稳定性等因素对探测结果的影响。通过试验,确定了硫化矿石表面的热发射率和使用IRI-1011热像仪探测系统测温时的合理距离。试验结果表明。硫化矿石表面的热发射率E=0．88;常温下10m探测范围内,随着探测距离的增大,感温误差明显增大;热源温度一定时,3m、4m距离的感温误差几乎呈线性增大;热源温度T〉50℃时,2m距离的感温误差趋于稳定。在试验基础上,采用数据拟合的方法,建立了热像仪感温与矿石表面实际温度间的定量关系。现场应用证明该研究结果实际可行。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that