40Cr钢汽车半轴淬火缺陷分析及热处理工艺改进

根据40Cr钢汽车半轴的实际淬火工艺,分析了淬火开裂的主要原因,并针对淬火开裂的主要形式,制定出了三种热处理工艺方案并实施．通过分析热处理后的金相显微组织和硬度数据,确定出最终的热处理工艺及其主要参数．试验结果表明：40Ct钢在860℃油淬后,再进行860℃淬入5％～10％的盐水冷却、580℃回火,使强度、硬度低的网状铁素体相对量有所下降,可有效的防止淬火开裂,并提高其疲劳寿命．     

淬火介质对耐磨铸钢组织和性能的影响

分别研究了以水和机油作为淬火介质的42CrMo钢和双相耐磨钢淬火+回火后的显微组织和性能.确定了双相耐磨钢和42CrMo钢的最佳热处理工艺及性能.结果表明:双相耐磨钢经水淬和油淬回火后的显微组织均为板条马氏体+针状贝氏体+碳化物;42CrMo钢经水淬和油淬回火后的显微组织分别为回火马氏体+残余奥氏体和回火马氏体+铁素体+贝氏体.经过480h的低应力磨料磨损实验发现,水淬+280℃回火处理的42CrMo钢耐磨性能最好,其相对耐磨性可达高锰钢的1.558倍.     

热处理工艺对38CrMoAlA钢组织与性能的影响

 通过热处理工艺试验研究了38CrMoAlA钢不同淬火温度、冷却方式和回火温度对38CrMoAlA钢微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,在900—1000℃淬火温度范围内,淬火温度对该钢的力学性能影响不大。不同的冷却方式因淬火介质的冷却强度不同,导致淬火后的组织不同,从而影响该钢的力学性能。回火温度对该钢的力学性能的影响较为显著,100—400℃范围内回火表现出回火脆性,在620℃回火能得到较好的强韧配合。该钢采用940℃,1h,油冷620℃,5h,油冷的热处理工艺时,可获得适宜的力学性能。     

热处理对高硫钢硫化物形态及性能的影响

研究淬回火热处理工艺对高硫钢的基体组织和硫化物形态的影响,分析了其力学性能和磨损性能.结果表明,热处理后高硫钢中硫化物主要为FeS,其形态趋于球化;淬火温度由880 ℃升至900 ℃,高硫钢的抗拉强度由460 MPa提高到590 MPa,伸长率由1.7%变化到3.0%,但其仍为脆性材料,这与组织中含有大量硫化物有关;由于硫化物的自润滑作用,热处理后高硫钢的耐磨性随连续磨损时间的延长而改善,并明显优于淬火后低温回火的GCr15钢.     

大型耳轴锻件热处理工艺研究

通过对18CrMnMoB钢进行不同温度的淬火、回火调质处理,测定其力学性能,并对其显微组织进行对比分析,找出合理的热处理工艺范围.结果表明：18CrMnMoB钢的最佳淬火温度范围为880～900 ℃,大型耳轴水淬后在560～580 ℃回火,具有良好的强韧性,性能完全达到技术要求.     

45钢亚温淬火组织及性能研究

45钢是我国目前用量较大的调质钢,通过研究45钢经调质和亚温淬火热处理后的硬度,冲击韧度和金相组织,来寻求合适的45钢热处理工艺.结果表明,45钢仅采用调质处理,不能满足高硬度高韧性的技术要求,采用亚温淬火热处理配合可解决上述问题,得到最优的综合力学性能,考虑经济性时可直接采用770℃淬火500℃回火的热处理工艺.在保证45钢强度和硬度的同时,要提高韧性的最理想的热处理工艺为840℃淬火550℃回火＋770℃淬火500℃回火.     

35SiMnMoV钢连接环淬火及回火工艺的研究

研究了35SiMnMoV钢连接环的淬火及回火工艺对其机械性能的影响。结果表明,35SiMnMoV钢连接环830℃水淬后,获得极细小的板条状马氏体组织,经520C×2h回火,具有较高的破断载荷和破断伸长率。此外。该连接环经880℃油淬,可获得板条状马氏体组织,经520℃×2h回火,产生明显的二次硬化作用,亦可获得很高的机械性能。     

热处理条件对32CrNiMoV钢力学性能的影响

研究了热处理条件对32CrNiMoV高强钢力学性能的影响，实验结果表明，淬火温度为860－920℃，回火温度为550－660℃时，该钢的低温冲击韧性，断裂韧性和抗拉强度可获良好的匹配。     

热处理工艺对27SiMn钢力学性能的影响

27SiMn液压支架管经过调质热处理来实现其良好的综合力学性能.采用四因素三水平的热处理正交试验,研究了不同热处理工艺参数(淬火温度、淬火保温时间、回火温度和回火保温时间)对力学性能的影响,并确定了最优热处理工艺制度为930℃,40 min淬火和480℃,50 min回火.经最优热处理工艺处理后,其力学性能为:屈服强度895 MPa,抗拉强度1030MPa,伸长率15%,断面收缩率54%,冲击功53.3 J,满足了GB/T 17396—1998标准中对27SiMn钢的性能要求.     

穿水冷却对GCr15轴承钢组织和力学性能的影响

通过4种穿水冷却工艺生产20mm热轧GCr15轴承钢棒材,研究了穿水冷却对热轧及球化退火、淬回火热处理后轴承钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:终轧前后均采用穿水冷却,控制终轧温度在800~860℃,上冷床返红温度为620℃,能明显降低先共析碳化物及珠光体相变温度,减小热轧轴承钢中先共析碳化物厚度、连续度及珠光体片层、球团大小.退火及回火组织中碳化物厚度减小,均匀性增加,防止了粗大未溶网状碳化物的遗传.热轧及热处理后轴承钢抗拉强度及面缩率均增强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that