含油污泥的H_2O_2氧化破乳处理工艺

针对江苏油田含油污泥乳化稳定性强以及脱水难等特点,采用过氧化氢氧化破乳的方法处理含油污泥.结果表明:单独使用质量分数为30%的H_2O_2脱渣分离效果优于酸、碱或盐与破乳剂的复配组合;H_2O_2与破乳剂联合使用的脱渣效果优于单独使用H_2O_2的分离效果,在最佳工艺条件(反应温度为60℃,反应时间为45min,破乳剂用量为0.4g·L~(-1))下,破乳后上层污油的含渣率为17.9%,破乳速率快,能实现油、水和渣的三相分离.     

混合聚醚多元交联型原油破乳剂的合成及破乳性能研究

将组合化学的方法应用于破乳剂的交联改性研究 ,以 TDI作为交联剂对 2 5种聚醚进行组合交联改性 ,用胜利油田孤三联的稠油进行破乳评价 ,得到交联型破乳剂对稠油的破乳规律 .应用组合正交表找出对稠油破乳效果最好的 4种单剂 ,再进行组合交联改性从而研制出一系列交联型聚醚 ,再与几种破乳效果较好的单剂进行复配 ,筛选出一种对胜利油田稠油破乳效果较好的破乳剂 .结果表明 ,交联改性的破乳剂之间具有协同效应 .     

组合设计优化法筛选原油破乳剂

针对原油破乳剂筛选的实际问题,使用胜利油田孤东原油做模拟原油乳状液,运用单剂筛选、双剂循环复配和正交实验这一系统的方法,对由三个不同厂家提供的12种破乳剂进行了大量的室内研究,确定了用32#和TE-371按1∶1的比例混合,破乳温度为65 ℃,加入量为0.1 mg/L时,为此乳状液的最佳破乳条件.实验结果表明,这一系统方法是可行的、合理的.     

陕北原油破乳剂与添加剂复配研究

为了得到陕北原油的优良复配破乳剂，用该地区有代表性的宝塔区、安塞和子长原油，在实验条件下从该地区正在使用的商品破乳剂申筛选出四种．破乳脱水睦能较好的破乳刺．GT-940、YT-100、SP-169、HQ96-1。将这四种破乳剂与OP乳化剂、洗衣粉等添加剂按不同比例进行破乳剂-添加剂复配。发现只有GT-940与OP乳化剂和洗衣粉的复配破乳剂对宝塔区原油的破乳脱水性能得到改善。对宝塔区原油GT-940与OP乳化剂复配脱水率最高配比是4：1；GT-940和洗衣粉的复配物脱水率最高配比是2：3。     

高含聚合物原油破乳剂Pel-01的研制及应用

针对河南油田破乳剂主要是以复配为主,油田使用的原油破乳剂BP-169和SP169对高含聚合物的破乳效果较差的情况,采用三组分复配法研制了水溶性低温高效破乳剂Pel-01.室内对比评价表明:Pel-01在脱水率、脱水速度、油水界面等指标上均明显优于BP-169和SP169.下二门联合站6d的现场试验结果表明,使用Pel-01破乳剂破乳效果明显提高,投入使用后平均每天可减少加药量20kg,而且指标均达到外输原油的要求.     

复合破乳剂的性能评价

摘要：大庆油田原油脱水效率不稳定,环境污染严重,为此,本文选用PRJ-1生物破乳乳剂与化学破乳剂SP-169和GT-D01复配,对大庆原油进行破乳实验,结果PRJ-1能很好的与SP-169复合破乳,破乳速率快、脱出水清澈;而与GT-D01复合,破乳效率提高不明显。通过实验表明,PRJ-1生物破乳剂与SP-169化学破乳剂具有良好的协同作用,能够满足目前油田对破乳剂的要求。     

聚合物型原油破乳剂的合成与破乳性能研究

聚合物型原油破乳剂是利用1种或2种以上的烷氧基化剂与1种乙烯基单体反应而合成的原油脱水剂.本文介绍了聚合物型原油破乳剂的合成机理,探讨了烷氧基化剂和乙烯基单体的选择过程以及二者的配比;探讨了游离基引发剂、溶剂的选择方法和破乳剂的筛选过程,优选了合成工艺路线.合成出了适合辽河油田的XA 205,XA 206型破乳剂,以及适合胜利油田原油的Q 85型破乳剂.破乳试验表明,这类破乳剂的破乳能力强,破乳速度快,药用量低,对原油的适应性强.     

低聚季铵盐与破乳剂复配提高聚驱采出液水质的研究

针对南阳油田聚驱采出液脱水困难、水质浑黄等问题,采用低聚季铵盐和破乳剂复配提高聚驱采出液的水质.通过对南阳油田聚驱采出液脱水率、脱出水含油量的测定,结合脱出水界面情况,采用破乳剂单剂初步筛选和两组分复配优化的方法,从18种破乳剂单剂及3种低聚季铵盐中筛选出协同破乳效果和脱出水质最佳的配方.实验结果表明:在温度55℃,破乳剂AE-932质量浓度为15 mg/L,低聚季铵盐MD-50质量浓度为25 mg/L时,60 min脱水率达98％,脱出水含油量小于50 mg/L,且脱水速度快,脱出水清,油水界面齐.表明低聚季铵盐MD-50对协同提高破乳剂的脱水效果具有显著作用.     

高效生物破乳剂PDR-1的室内研究

PDR—1破乳剂是针对高含水油田破乳困难而研制成的一种高效新型生物破乳剂,对其进行室内模拟乳状液破乳实验研究,结果显示PDR—1生物破乳剂耐温达50℃,在pH7时,投加量为0.8mL/10mL的条件下破乳效率高达80%以上。     

高含聚合物原油破乳剂Pel—01的研制及应用

针对河南油田破乳剂主要是以复配为主，油田使用的原油破乳剂BP—169和SP169对高含聚合物的破乳效果较差的情况，采用三组分复配法研制了水溶性低温高效破乳剂Pel—01．室内对比评价表明：Pel—01在脱水率、脱水速度、油水界面等指标上均明显优于BP—169和SP169．下二门联合站6d的现场试验结果表明，使用Pel—01破乳剂破乳效果明显提高，投入使用后平均每天可减少加药量20kg，而且指标均达到外输原油的要求．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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