一种基于预测谱偏移的自适应高斯混合模型在语音转换中的应用

基于高斯混合模型(GMM)的语音帧谱包络转换算法容易导致转换后的语音谱包络过平滑、语音细节特征受损。通过对GMM中协方差的准确性与谱包络过平滑现象的研究,提出了一种基于预测谱偏移的自适应GMM建模方法。该方法采用平滑加权算法对目标谱的偏移进行建模,并根据语音帧信息自适应调节预测谱偏移项的比例系数,结合高斯混合模型共同实现对谱包络的转换。实验结果表明,该建模方法能够有效抑制转换后语音谱包络的失真现象,提高转换后语音的清晰度、自然度和可懂度。     

改进的GMM模型语声转换系统

传统的基于GMM模型线性语音转换系统在语音转换阶段,由于转换函数的概率加权组合使合成语音共振峰带宽变宽,谱包络过于平滑.文中提出依据后验概率大小和前后语音的相关性,选择部分转换分量函数进行语音转换.实验表明不仅简化了语音转换,而且经过转换的语音质量也有一定的提高,对语音的实时转换有重要的意义.     

基于码本映射和GMM的语音带宽扩展

采用传统的高斯混合模型（Gaussian mixture model,GMM）进行语音带宽扩展时,会出现所估计的特征参数过平滑的问题,其主要原因是协方差估计不准确而导致扩展的高频特征细节信息的丢失,因此本文提出了码本映射（codebook mapping,CM）与高斯混合模型相结合的语音带宽扩展算法.提取高、低频特征参数,并训练高斯混合模型,基于高斯混合模型参数训练偏移矢量的码本;在扩展阶段,利用偏移矢量的码本将低频偏移矢量映射为高频偏移矢量,再将高频偏移矢量与高斯混合模型估计部分相加作为估计的高频特征参数.对利用该方法进行带宽扩展后的语音质量进行主观/客观评测.实验结果表明,相比传统的GMM语音带宽方法,CM-GMM合成的高频语音更接近原始高频语音,明显消除了高频过平滑现象.      

一种稀少训练数据条件下的语音转换算法

提出了一种新的语音说话人转换算法,利用变分贝叶斯方法估计高斯混合模型参数,进而将其应用于语音转换的声道谱参数映射过程,实现说话人身份转换.将变分贝叶斯算法用于模型参数的估计,一方面解决了训练数据量稀少情况下容易使模型产生"过拟合"的问题,另一方面通过将模型参数概率化,使得参数估计问题不再是"点估计",而成为了"全局估计",因此在一定程度上提高了模型的精度.主观和客观实验结果表明:将基于变分贝叶斯估计得到的统计模型用于语音声道谱参数的转换,明显提高了在训练数据稀少的情况下系统的鲁棒性,同时转换后语音的音质和说话人个性特征均优于经典的语音转换系统.     

基于STRAIGHT模型的语音转换系统研究

语音转换是将源说话人的个性特征转换为目标说话人个性特征的过程。主要研究了基于STRAIGHT模型的语音转换系统原理及实现过程。通过STRAIGHT模型提取目标语音和源语音的基本频率以及平滑的声道频谱作为特征参数,并将声道频谱转换为LSF参数,进行时间对齐和GMM训练。从实验结果数据分析可以看出:由STRAIGHT模型提取的参数很好地避免了声道谱过平滑的现象,合成后的目标语音与源语音的相似度较高。     

三维重建中先验概率重加权点云配准算法

基于高斯混合模型的三维点云配准算法在面对大量的外点及对应位置缺失时表现不佳.为此提出了一种结合点到面距离和先验概率重加权的点云配准方法.首先,通过高斯混合模型和均匀分布建立点云之间的位置对应关系;其次,使用先验概率对高斯混合模型的混合比例重新加权来处理对应位置缺失,同时利用后验概率推测潜在外点及其比率;然后,向误差函数...     

过程混合的高斯过程模型混合采样推理

提出了基于Dirichlet过程混合的高斯过程模型揭示复杂动态系统结构数据的多态性的内在机制.针对均值结构与协方差结构稀疏性的差异性,设计了参数先验与非参数先验来构建基于Polya urn与过松弛层采样的混合采样框架体系.该混合采样方案不但能够在统一的Metropolis Hasting(M H)概率评价准则下实现,而且能够最大限度地克服高斯随机走步的缺陷,方便、快速地获得马尔科夫样本链的展开.仿真结果表明,混合采样算法比高斯过程回归模型及高斯过程函数回归混合模型具有更广泛的适应性及更好的预测效果.     

基于隐马尔可夫模型与并行模型组合的特征补偿算法

提出了一种基于隐马尔可夫模型和并行模型组合的特征补偿算法.首先,利用一个包含较多状态的隐马尔可夫模型来描述全部单词特征向量的分布.然后,根据静音段估计的噪声均值和方差,采用并行模型组合方法调整隐马尔可夫模型的均值向量和协方差矩阵,使之与识别环境相匹配.最后,根据基于状态转移矩阵压缩的前向后向算法计算隐马尔可夫模型的后验概率,并通过最小均方误差准则估计纯净语音特征向量.实验结果表明,该算法能够更加准确地估计纯净语音特征向量,其性能明显优于基于高斯混合模型的特征补偿算法;状态转移矩阵压缩算法可以在不影响补偿精度的前提下,显著减少前向后向算法的计算量.     

基于共振峰参数和分类线性加权的源-目标声音转换

源-目标说话人声音转换是一种变换说话人声音特征的技术,它将源说话人的声音转换成目标说话人的声音.其中,声道参数的转换是获得高质量重建语音的关键,所以选择声道共振峰参数作为待转换的特征参数,利用线性预测求根法提取共振峰参数.为了克服分类线性转换算法(CLT)中分类不准带来的误差,引入了分类线性加权转换的策略,给出了一种基于径向基函数神经网络的分类线性加权转换算法(WCLT).在微软汉语普通话语音数据库上对转换语音分别作了客观和主观评估,验证了分类数目和训练集对两种转换算法的影响.实验结果表明,WCLT算法的转换效果优于CLT算法,一定程度上克服了高斯混合模型的转换算法(GMM)转换语音时,频谱过分光滑的现象,并在只有较少训练集数据时也能得到较好的转换效果.     

小波能量引导下基于活动轮廓模型的部分实性肺结节分割

由于部分实性肺结节(pGGO)中的实性成分存在亮度不均匀和边界模糊等问题,传统的活动轮廓模型很难取得精确的分割结果.为此,文中提出了一种改进的小波能量引导下的活动轮廓模型来完成pGGO中实性成分的分割.首先,通过小波变换将图像的灰度信息转变成小波系数,对低通小波系数进行模糊化,以抑制图像局部区域过增强和欠增强,同时结合高通小波系数计算图像的小波能量并构建活动轮廓模型的区域项,以加强肺结节中实性成分与周围磨玻璃影的区分;然后,利用高斯混合模型计算肺结节图像的后验概率,将后验概率差作为活动轮廓模型的边界检测函数,使得在实性成分的边界处边界检测函数趋于0,轮廓曲线停止演变.实验结果显示,文中提出的模型得到的真阳性率为0.95、假阳性率为0.23和相似度为0.80,有助于pGGO中实性成分的确定.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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