两亲水溶性季铵化阳离子聚电解质的合成研究

以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂１，４二氧六环为溶剂，合成了聚；以Ｐ「Ａｍ－Ｓｔ」为前聚体，合成了两种季铵化阳离子聚电解质－聚     

聚丙烯酰胺季铵化改性及吸附染料

聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)通过胺甲基化反应后,以溴乙烷为季铵化试剂进行季铵化改性,对不同染料吸附能力的进行测试,以此评价季铵化树脂的改性程度．通过傅里叶红外对季铵化树脂分析表明,对PAM进行季铵化改性是可行的．用扫描电镜对树脂吸附染料的形貌表征表明,季铵化后的AM树脂对染料吸附性能良好,其吸附不仅有阴阳离子静电作用,还存在架桥和凝聚作用．     

聚4-乙烯吡啶季铵盐的合成及绿色棉织物的抗菌整理

为了研究聚4-乙烯吡啶季铵盐对棉织物的抗菌性.以4-乙烯吡啶为单体,以无水甲醇为溶剂,以偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,用溶液聚合的方法合成聚4-乙烯吡啶,用溴代正丁烷将其季铵化,制成季铵盐型抗菌剂,与不同浓度的交联剂配制成季铵盐抗菌整理剂对棉织物进行抗菌整理,以大肠杆菌为致病菌体,采用抑菌圈法测试其抗菌性能.实验结果表明:添加了不同浓度交联剂的抗菌效果不同,当交联剂的浓度为1~2g/L时棉织物的抗菌性能最好.     

酯交换季铵型阳离子大豆油表面活性剂的合成及物化性能研究

以大豆油为基本原料,经过酯交换、环氧化、季铵化一系列反应合成酯交换季铵型阳离子表面活性剂,研究它的物化性能,并与季铵型阳离子大豆油表面活性剂和广泛使用的CTAB进行对比,结果表明:经过酯交换合成的季铵型阳离子表面活性剂能较显著地降低水的表面张力,具有更低的临界胶束浓度.     

一种新型粘土稳定剂的合成与应用研究

本文简要报导了有机阳离子聚和物(氯化N,N—二甲基二烯丙基铵—二氧化硫)的合成方法,并对其作为粘土稳定剂的性能进行了评价。结果表明,该共聚物稳定粘土的能力高于目前国内外广泛使用的同类聚合物TDC。     

可降解多糖基水凝胶的溶胀动力学及性能影响因素

以硝酸铈铵(CAN)为引发剂、N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂,在水溶液中合成了可生物降解淀粉/聚(丙烯酰胺-co-乙烯基吡咯烷酮)杂混水凝胶;探讨了有关溶胀动力学,着重考察了合成反应条件包括淀粉用量、单体浓度、引发剂和交联剂用量对凝胶平衡溶胀比的影响.发现当淀粉用量为2.0g/dL、单体丙烯酰胺浓度为1.4mol/L、引发剂硝酸铈铵为2.0 mmol/L、交联剂BIS为10 mol/L时,所得凝胶有较高的平衡溶胀比.     

阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺的合成及影响因素研究

为合成一种高效阳离子聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂,采用光引发聚合技术,以丙烯酰胺（AM）和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵（DMDAAC）为单体进行聚合,检测所得聚合产物的性能,探讨光引发利用量、反应单体的配比、单体总浓度等因素对合成体系的影响,利用红外光谱分析聚合产物的结构特征。     

酯交换季铵型阳离子蓖麻油加脂剂的制备及性能研究

蓖麻油经过酯交换生成蓖麻油脂肪酸甲酯,再与季铵盐ETA发生醚化反应合成酯交换季铵型阳离子蓖麻油。以此为主要成分复配成阳离子加脂剂并进行加脂性能检测．结果表明：经酯交换处理过的季铵型阳离子蓖麻油加脂剂制备简单,其加脂性、渗透性和结合性更强。     

芳烃络合物引发α-蒎烯正离子聚合的研究

本文第一次把芳烃络合物作为引发剂用于α-蒎烯的阳离子聚合。与路易斯酸比较,芳烃络合物对α-蒎烯阳离子聚合反应是一种更有效的引发剂。研究了引发剂浓度、单体浓度和溶剂的性质对聚台产率、产物的分子量和分子量分布的影响。     

紫外光敏引发合成高相对分子质量的P(AM-DAC)

采用紫外光照射和光敏引发的方式,以丙烯酰胺(AM)和丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)为单体,水溶性复合偶氮类为光敏引发剂,合成了高相对分子质量阳离子聚丙烯酰胺P(AM-DAC)。探讨了紫外光照强度、引发温度、光敏引发剂用量、单体质量分数、络合剂、烘干方式等因素对合成P(AM-DAC)的性能影响,并与热引发聚合进行比较。结果表明:紫外光敏引发合成P(AM-DAC)的相对分子质量可以达到1.3×107,阳离子度为25%~30%,溶解性能优良且产品纯度高。用红外光谱仪和差示扫描量热仪对共聚物的结构进行了表征和确定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that