具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

小容量经济型立体车库钢架结构的研究

针对小容量经济型立体车库钢架结构强度、刚度及振动问题,利用ANSYS,建立了小容量经济型立体车库钢架结构分析模型。对不同工况下的钢架结构进行了整体应力分析和刚度分析,找出了钢架结构的危险截面和危险点,在一二列停车位均有车辆,且向左侧偏载,三列无车的工况中横梁与立柱的连接处,并对钢架结构进行了模态分析,得出钢架的固有频率和振型。为立体车库钢架结构设计提供了理论依据。     

Mechanical Parking System Logistics

As the number of motor vehicles increases rapidly in many populated countries, t he shortage of parking space has become a difficult problem to all cities around the world. The contradiction between the shortage of parking space and the incr easing number of motor vehicles is still growing in the recent years. The utiliz ation of various kinds of mechanical parking facilities is an effective solution to this problem. How to organize a reasonable logistics system in a mechanical parking lot so that as man...     

露天停车场信息感知发布和管理系统

设计一种基于ZigBee和GPRS无线通信技术的智能露天停车场信息感知发布和管理系统,采用CC2530及地磁传感器组建ZigBee无线局域网,实时采集停车场内停车位的使用状况,通过GPRS无线通信技术将停车场信息发送到远端服务器,实现多个停车场信息的统一发布和管理.可以同时利用百度地图将停车场位置信息显示在远端WEB服务器前台页面上,可由用户或管理员远程登录或本地直观查看停车位状态信息.测试结果表明:该系统实现了露天停车场状态信息的及时准确发布,可以应用于实际的智慧城市系统.     

城市停车诱导管理信息系统的设计与实现

为了使停车诱导系统的数据处理部分能更好地满足区域内停车场的业务特点和用户动态需求,提出了城市停车诱导管理信息系统的模型.在现有停车诱导理论的基础上,将地理信息系统和管理信息系统融入其中,加快区域内停车资源供求信息的实时交互,并通过连接GSM导航,在进行停车选择后,获取较优的行走路径,从而减少因寻找停车场而产生的附加交通量,缓解交通负担,改善区域交通环境.最后,运用C#语言实现了该系统模型的主要功能.     

典型工况与工作模式下混联式混合传动系统振动分析

针对发动机、电动机和行星齿轮系等子系统组成的混联式混合动力驱传动系统,考虑动力控制策略以及典型运行工况,建立了混合动力驱传动系统扭转动力学模型,分析了纯电动、混合动力和停车充电工作模式下系统的固有特性和瞬态响应.研究发现,3个模式下系统的重根频率相同且只与行星齿轮系统的转动惯量和啮合刚度等参数有关,纯电动和停车充电模式下系统的非重根频率和振型均相近;整车加速度瞬态响应与激励源干扰力矩的频率成分相同,在启动电机工作阶段和停机阶段低转速运行时,转矩波动引起的整车纵向振动较大.模式切换造成激励源转矩突变,行星齿轮系统的角加速度波动幅值明显增大.     

自动泊车系统模型研究与实车验证

在自动泊车系统开发过程中,各功能模块相对独立且搭建复杂?为了更好地解决自动泊车系统各功能模块算法的开发及验证,研究建立了自动泊车系统模型与仿真环境?分析了自动泊车系统原理架构,确定了自动泊车系统模型组成?结合自动泊车系统泊车过程中的车辆参数和环境参数,对系统模型进行了动态仿真,根据仿真数据在实车上进行测试验证,在相同的泊车环境下对仿真系统与实车系统泊车过程中关键点进行测量?对比数据结果表明,车辆方向盘转向角度相对误差在1.1%以内,轨迹控制横向距离相对误差在3.3%以内,纵向距离相对误差在2.1%以内?该设计的自动泊车系统不仅能良好地完成自动泊车,而且可以用于系统各功能模块算法的开发与验证,进一步提高了自动泊车系统的性能?     

基于GIS的停车管理信息系统研究

智能交运输系统（ITS）是将先进的计算机技术、信息技术、数据通信传输技术及电子控制技术、地理信息系统（GIS）技术等有效地综合运用于整个交通管理体系。停车管理信息系统是交通运输综合管理系统的一个子系统。将ITS和GIS的思想融入停车管理信息系统的建设和应用中,利用统一建模语言（UML）对停车管理系统中的需求进行了较为详细的分析,利用Mapinfo和Mapbasic开发平台为“基于GIS的停车管理信息系统”建设及软件的开发作了较为深入的探讨。     

停车场内部泊车行为特性分析及最优泊位选择模型

在详细分析有无诱导条件下的停车场内部泊车行为异同的基础上,提出服务于车位引导系统的最优泊位选择模型.结合国内外微观泊车行为调查分析结果,确定了停车场内泊位选择过程中的主要影响因素,包括步行距离、行驶距离、安全性、遮荫时长和有效泊位两侧车辆占用情况等.将各影响因素视为泊位的多项属性,建立了基于灰熵的最优泊位选择模型,对某一时刻停车场内所有的空余有效泊位进行排序,确定最优泊位.实例分析表明,该模型客观、简单、实用,有助于车位引导系统为停车者选择实时的最优泊位.     

中/重型汽车电子驻车系统设计及控制研究

针对中/重型汽车的驻车制动系统的自动控制问题,研究了气压式电子驻车制动系统的方案设计和控制策略等关键问题。分析了中/重型汽车驻车制动系统的结构特点和工作原理,提出了驻车制动系统实现电子化控制所需的各项功能,分析了影响驻车制动系统控制的关键整车状态信息以及其含义。设计了气压式电子驻车制动系统的总体方案,采用具有自保持功能的双线圈二位三通气压电磁阀作为执行器,实现了驻车制动或驻车释放均无需长期供电。规划了系统各项功能模块,制定了自动驻车制动和自动驻车释放的控制策略。通过实车试验验证,证明了气压式电子驻车制动系统总体方案和自动驻车控制功能的可行性。     

停车场智能管理系统

为解决传统的停车场人工管理在停车效率、安全、性能及管理上的不足，应用集散控制原理设计了停车场智能管理系统，并进一步研究了如何针对不同场所的停车场设计相应的自动识别装置、入口处读卡与发卡装置及通道管理装置等．该智能管理系统也可用于公路收费站．