pH对无机陶瓷膜微滤中药水提液膜过程的影响研究

目的研究中药水提液pH的变化对无机陶瓷膜微滤中药水提液膜过程的影响。方法调节甘草水提液的pH值为2、3、4、5、6、7、8,在温度、压力、膜面流速恒定的条件下分别过0.2μmAl2O3无机陶瓷膜,测定不同pH的甘草水提液的膜稳定通量及指标性成分甘草酸的转移率。结果不同pH条件下的甘草水提液的膜稳定通量及指标性成分甘草酸的转移率随着pH的增大有逐渐增大的趋势.在pH=4左右显著增加,pH=7时膜稳定通量最大,甘草酸的含量最高,pH=8的甘草酸转移率最高。结论pH值对无机陶瓷膜微滤甘草水提液的膜过程有很大的影响。     

非线性薄膜方程的差分迭代求解

对类似于非线性薄膜一类的非线性偏微分方程提出一种新的算法.该法首先略去非线性部分的影响,或给予非线性部分莱一初值,使非线性部分成为已知,从而将原非线性方程转化为线性方程,并按差分法或其它方法求得其线性解.再将所得线性解代入非线性部分使其成为已知,再次求得其解.这样反复迭代直至收敛,进而求得原非线性方程的非线性解.     

分子生物学技术在环境微生物研究中的应用

随分子生物学和遗传工程技术的迅速发展，已存在对微生物进行遗传操作而促进微生物在环境生物技术中的应用。本文较系统地概述了与环境微生物密切相关的分子生物学技术，如核酸探针检测技术，利用引物的PCR技术，基因重组技术，基因芯片技术，以及这些相关技术在环境监测、环境污染的防治和环境基因工程菌的稳定性和安全性评估中的应用。结果表明，分子生物学技术在研究环境微生物中发挥了重要的作用。     

电致发光二极管研究进展

本文介绍了电致发光二板管的发展历史、基本结构、发光机理和无机化合物、有机小分子与高分子聚合物三种材料做电致发光二极管的国内外研究进展。同时介绍了磷光掺杂对提高发光效率的基本原理,比较了三种材料制作电致发光二极管时的优缺点,对电致发光二极管存在的问题和发展趋势进行了讨论。     

加替沙星-壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜的制备及体外实验研究

目的制备一种新型生物多功能复合材料——加替沙星．壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜,并观察其体外缓释性能及抑菌作用。方法采用离子胶联法制备加替沙星－壳聚糖纳米粒并检测其表征,然后将栽药纳米粒加入到纤维蛋白胶中,混匀后再与羊膜胶联制成加替沙星－壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜,光镜及扫描电镜下观察其形态学特征,高效液相色谱法测定其中加替沙星的浓度,微量肉汤稀释法检测其体外抑菌活性。结果加替沙星纳米粒的粒径为291±33nm,载药量为10．46％,包封率为61．32％。载有纳米药物的纤维蛋白胶与羊膜基底面粘合紧密,呈圆形的加替沙星纳米粒附着在胶原纤维的网状结构上。在体外,加替沙星－壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜可持续释药达15天,对金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为0．05μg／ml和0．42μg／ml。结论加替沙星－壳聚糖纳米粒胶联羊膜药膜在体外具有良好的缓释性能及抑茵作用。     

Membrane protein folding on the example of outer membrane protein A of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis>

The biophysical principles and mechanisms by which membrane proteins insert and fold into a biomembrane have mostly been studied with bacteriorhodopsin and outer membrane protein A (OmpA). This review describes the assembly process of the monomeric outer membrane proteins of Gram-negative bacteria, for which OmpA has served as an example. OmpA is a two-domain outer membrane protein composed of a 171-residue eight-stranded -barrel transmembrane domain and a 154-residue periplasmic domain. OmpA is translocated in an unstructured form across the cytoplasmic membrane into the periplasm. In the periplasm, unfolded OmpA is kept in solution in complex with the molecular chaperone Skp. After binding of periplasmic lipopolysaccharide, OmpA insertion and folding occur spontaneously upon interaction of the complex with the phospholipid bilayer. Insertion and folding of the -barrel transmembrane domain into the lipid bilayer are highly synchronized, i.e. the formation of large amounts of -sheet secondary structure and -barrel tertiary structure take place in parallel with the same rate constants, while OmpA inserts into the hydrophobic core of the membrane. In vitro, OmpA can successfully fold into a range of model membranes of very different phospholipid compositions, i.e. into bilayers of lipids of different headgroup structures and hydrophobic chain lengths. Three membrane-bound folding intermediates of OmpA were discovered in folding studies with dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers. Their formation was monitored by time-resolved distance determinations by fluorescence quenching, and they were structurally distinguished by the relative positions of the five tryptophan residues of OmpA in projection to the membrane normal. Recent studies indicate a chaperone-assisted, highly synchronized mechanism of secondary and tertiary structure formation upon membrane insertion of -barrel membrane proteins such as OmpA that involves at least three structurally distinct folding intermediates.     

Molecular aspects of membrane fission in the secretory pathway

Membrane fission is essential in various intracellular dissociative transport steps. The molecular mechanisms by which endocytic vesicles detach from the plasma membrane are being rapidly elucidated. Much less is known about the fission mechanisms operating at Golgi tubular networks; these include the Golgi transport and sorting stations, the trans-Golgi and cis-Golgi networks, where the geometry and physical properties of the membranes differ from those at the cell surface. Here we discuss the lipid and protein machineries that have so far been related to the fission process, with emphasis on those acting in the Golgi complex. Received 10 May 2002; received after revision 20 June 2002; accepted 26 June 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

The autonomy of models and explanation: anomalous molecular rearrangements in early twentieth-century physical organic chemistry

During the 1930s and 1940s, American physical organic chemists employed electronic theories of reaction mechanisms to construct models offering explanations of organic reactions. But two molecular rearrangements presented enormous challenges to model construction. The Claisen and Cope rearrangements were predominantly inaccessible to experimental investigation and they confounded explanation in theoretical terms. Drawing on the idea that models can be autonomous agents in the production of scientific knowledge, I argue that one group of models in particular were functionally autonomous from the Hughes–Ingold theory. Cope and Hardy’s models of the Claisen and Cope rearrangements were resources for the exploration of the Hughes–Ingold theory that otherwise lacked explanatory power. By generating ‘how-possibly’ explanations, these models explained how these rearrangements could happen rather than why they did happen. Furthermore, although these models were apparently closely connected to theory in terms of their construction, I argue that partial autonomy issued in extra-logical factors concerning the attitudes of American chemists to the Hughes–Ingold theory. And in the absence of a complete theoretical hegemony, a degree of consensus was reached concerning modelling the Claisen rearrangement mechanism.     

The Sushi peptides: structural characterization and mode of action against Gram-negative bacteria

The compositional difference in microbial and human cell membranes allows antimicrobial peptides to preferentially bind microbes. Peptides which specifically target lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG) are efficient antibiotics. From the core LPS-binding region of Factor C, two 34-mer Sushi peptides, S1 and S3, were derived. S1 functions as a monomer, while S3 is active as a dimer. Both S1 and S3 display detergent-like properties in disrupting LPS aggregates, with specificity for POPG resulting from electrostatic and hydrophobic forces between the peptides and the bacterial lipids. During interaction with POPG, the S1 transitioned from a random coil to an α-helix, while S3 resumed a mixture of α-helix and β-sheet structures. The unsaturated nature of POPG confers fluidity and enhances insertion of the peptides into the lipid bilayer, causing maximal disruption of the bacterial membrane. These parameters should be considered in designing and developing new generations of peptide antibiotics with LPS-neutralizing capability. Received 2 October 2007; received after revision 2 November 2007; accepted 4 December 2007 J. L. Ding, B. Ho: Co-senior authors.     

就沙漠人造海可行性答疑

针对沙漠人造海某些代表性的反对意见,通过科学论证与分析认为：依靠现代科学技术完全可以实现沙漠人造海工程;存储于沙漠构造盆地之中的人造海,不会漏水也不会污染地下水;人造海不会浸染周边沙土也不会形成盐尘暴;沙漠人造海可以调节小气候,增加区域降雨量并降低蒸发量;当代海水灌溉农业取得的科技成果可直接为沙漠绿化服务;若能充分利用渤海“海冰融水”资源改造北方沙漠,将会产生更好的生态环境效益。