人体下颌骨动态光弹应力分析

本文应用现代较先进的Ｃｒａｎｚ－Ｓｃｈａｒｄｉｎ超高速记录系统，对人体下颌骨简化后的平面光弹性模型，在承受水平方向冲击载荷时所引起的瞬态动应力进行了实验研究，获得瞬态动应力的变化和分布规律．依靠动光弹所获得的等色线与等倾线资料，结合有限差分法求解动态泊松方程来实现动态主应力分离．并采用落锤冲击－维模型求出了光弹性材料的动态力学特性．文章系统总结了动态光弹性方法，并将该方法引入生物力学的研究领域，研究结果在医学、军事、体育等方面均具有实际的意义．     

动光弹实验中的主应力分离方法

动态光弹性是研究应力波传播的一个有效工具,已广泛地应用于工程实际,在对动光弹实验资料进行分析时,如何得到应力场的定量结果,即对主应力进行分离,是需要解决的关键问题之一。综述了目前动光弹主应力分离的各种方法和研究现状,并提出了与弹性理论相结合的主应力分离法,不仅使主应力的分离得到简化,而且可提高分析结果的合理性。     

数字动光弹性实验技术的研究与应用

采用激光和数字高速相机,建立了数字动光弹性实验系统。自行浇筑了环氧树脂光弹性平面模型材料,进行了简支梁三点冲击动光弹性实验。实验结果表明,数字动光弹性实验技术研究动态应力波的传播问题是可行的;落锤冲击动光弹性实验表明简支梁在受到冲击载荷作用时,在简支梁的支点处首先产生应力集中,随后在下部两支点的中间位置处出现较大的拉应力,这是三点冲击试验中裂纹起裂通常发生在两支点的中垂线上,并沿下边缘从下至上扩展的原因;随着动态应力波在模型内部的进一步平衡,简支梁模型内部的应力逐渐向"上压下拉"的静力平衡状态发生转变。     

冲击力作用下梁内应力波的初步实验研究

本文就集中冲击力作用下的聚碳酸酯简支梁模型,研究了梁内的应力波传播问题。文中推导了梁内一维应变平面波的波速公式,并与用多火花式动态光弹系统拍出的一组等色线图的结果进行了比较,二者基本吻合。又由逐渐趋于稳定的应力条纹图得出梁的最大冲击应力并做了相应的讨论。     

锤锻模燕尾动态应力集中的光弹性研究

用动态光弹性法研究了锤锻模燕尾的动态应力集中问题，查明了原设计方案中的动态应力分析，指出了降低动态应力集中的途径，阐明了镶块模结构的合理性。     

回转撞击构件的动光弹实验研究

为使动光弹实验真实地反映回转撞击构件中的动态应力分布，文中建立了回转撞击构件的动光弹实验装置。该装置实现了在动光弹实验中用运动回转撞击试件来真实地模拟实际回转撞击构件中的应力分布情况。     

变弹模光弹分析中界面点应力初值计算式及其应用

光弹实验应力分析是模拟研究地壳构造应力场的有效方法。本文在单一材料光弹应力分析剪应力差法计算模型应力公式的基础上,得出了不同材料的层状光弹模型界面点应力初值计算式,并介绍了这些公式在构造应力场光弹试验分析中的应用。这些计算式对于定性与定量分析地质力学光弹模型的应力分布,进而分析原型应力分布规律,评价其稳定性,具有一定的参考意义。     

岩体工程中三维变弹模光弹性应力计算问题

根据光弹性实验原理,本文提出了岩体工程中变弹模光弹性实验的主要计算公式。同时还对变弹模三维光弹性应力计算问题进行了讨论。本文对于非均质岩体工程的变弹模光弹性实验计算有着一定的参考意义。     

动光弹断裂中确定应力强度因子的方法

在动态光弹断裂问题的研究中,实验与数值计算相结合的混合法(Hybrid Method)曾被多次用于求解动态应力强度因子。这是近几年来由于实验技术及计算机应用高度发展而产生的一种解决问题的新方法。本文就动态断裂中一个关键性问题——高速扩展中裂纹顶端应力场的渐近解,进行了介绍及分析,有些地方进行了推导。并证明了所采用的高斯—牛顿方法中的方程组有唯一解。从而展示了动光弹断裂中求解应力强度因子的理论基础。     

某埋头式弹丸动态冲击挤进特性的研究

为研究埋头式弹丸动态冲击挤进过程中弹带在坡膛处产生的高应变率塑性变形及断裂失效问题,考虑到埋头式弹药二次点火和火药程序燃烧的特殊性,将试验测得的弹底压力及弹丸一次上膛速度作为数值仿真模型的初始边界条件,建立了基于身管及埋头式弹丸结构特性、材料大变形和损伤效应等因素的三维有限元模型. 基于LS-DYNA软件,采用显式数值计算方法,对埋头式榴弹动态冲击挤进过程进行了研究,获得了弹丸冲击挤进阻力的变化规律,并分析了弹带表面刻槽的成形过程及应力应变特征. 结果表明:当埋头式榴弹的紫铜弹带冲击挤入坡膛时,经历了从弹性变形到塑性变形,并最终断裂失效的过程. 当弹带完全挤入身管全深膛线,整个动态冲击挤进过程结束,弹带表面形成了较深的刻槽,并与身管膛线紧密贴合,其间冲击挤进阻力呈现出强烈的非线性变化.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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