热工设备的(火用)分析

本文用热力学第二定律解释能质系数和(火用)平衡等概念,介绍(火用)值的计算方法,并列举均热炉的(火用)平衡,以探讨工业节能的方法和途径。     

SKS炼铅氧气底吹炉的(火用)分析

为揭示SKS氧气底吹炉内、外部不可逆损失的机理,采用(火用)平衡分析法建立SKS氧气底吹炉的(火用)分析模型,对SKS氧气底吹炉的能量、(火用)损失分布状况以及(火用)效率进行计算和分析,并对热、(火用)平衡2种分析方法进行比较.研究结果表明:当没有烟气回收装置和余热利用设备时,SKS底吹炉的(火用)效率仅为25.28%,排烟(火用)损失、输出产品的物理(火用)和内部化学反应等不可逆(火用)损失达74.72%,炉子的节能潜力很大;总(火用)流量为 1.527 275 2×1011 J/h,远远大于总热流量6.399 425 0×1010 J/h,说明(火用)平衡分析比热平衡分析更能反映SKS氧气底吹炉的物质流和能量流的本质,应推广采用(火用)效率来评价类似有色冶金炉窑的运行状况.     

大型加热炉能量利用的有效性分析

在某重型机械厂大型加热炉热能平衡测试的基础上应用热力学第二定律的(火用)分析方法对用能状况进行了有效性分析和计算,建立了(火用)平衡表。在分析讨论了燃烧温度、反应初始条件、传热等对(火用)损失的影响以后,提出了节能的方向和途径。     

火电机组热力系统与设备损分布通用矩阵模型

为了揭示系统部件(火用)损分布进而探讨机组节能潜力,在深入分析各部件(火用)流特性的基础上,提出了火电机组热力系统与设备(火用)损分布的通用矩阵模型.将整个热力系统分为5个控制体,针对每一控制体建立质量平衡与(火用)平衡方程,再按各控制体(火用)流方向依序相连各控制体级模型构成机组矩阵模型.与已有的回热系统(火用)损分布矩阵相比,新建模型可量化评价系统中每一过程(或设备)的热力性能,并全面反映系统及各辅助系统的影响.实例结果表明,热力系统中不可逆性主要来源于锅炉,其(火用)损率达50.28%.所建模型准确便捷,适用于各类火电机组;(火用)损分布规律清晰,有利于挖掘各设备(或过程)的节能潜力;可为火电机组优化设计及经济运行提供有效工具.     

电站锅炉(火用)平衡计算分析

本文探讨了燃料(火用)和烟气(火用)的计算,阐明锅炉(火用)平衡计算的类型和原则,给出电站锅炉(E—670/140型)(火用)平衡的计算结果,并指出降低锅炉(火用)损、提高锅炉(火用)效率的途径和具体办法。本文还对影响燃烧(火用)损的一些因素予以分析讨论。     

通过火用分析法评价换热器性能问题的研究

通过对换热器进行火用平衡分析 ,推导了换热器内部火用损失的计算公式 ,结合实例计算出了某换热器内部火用损失的具体分布及热力学效率 ,根据计算结果评价了换热器热力学完善程度及节能重点 ,为制订节能措施提供了理论依据     

工业炉(火用)分析方法初探

(火用)平衡是(火用)分析方法的基本手段,本文介绍了工业炉(窑)(火用)平衡所用的重要概念和基本思想,以及可能遇到的主要理论性问题,并给出进行连续加热(火用)平衡所采用的实用计算公式。 本文针对工业炉(窑)内部(火用)损分布的计算问题,对于内部存在燃烧与传热两大环节的炉型,将能质引入(火用)平衡计算,提出了可逆传热物理模型。该模型运用(火用)分析方法基本原理,结合炉子热工特点,利用热力学状态函数方法,建立衡量实际传热不可逆程度的可逆传热样板。模型的物理意义明确,可求得传热不可逆(火用)损的分配。 最后,作者根据在热平衡与(火用)平衡计算中所遇到的问题,提出将热平衡计算基准温度统一于(火用)平衡基准的建议。     

基于VB锅炉热平衡计算及煳分析程序开发

通过对某电厂HG-75/3.82-7锅炉热平衡测试结果所进行的热平衡效率和(火用)平衡效率计算,得出锅炉的热耗损失.针对热平衡效率和(火用)平衡效率的计算方法,运用Visual Basic编写出锅炉热平衡效率和(火用)平衡效率计算的通用程序.     

印染企业的能级平衡与热能的合理利用

在我国印染企业中,能耗占纺织工业总能耗的20％以上,其中90％是热能。因此,热能的合理使用尤为重要。本文根据参考文献[2]的能级平衡理论,对某印染厂能量平衡作了分析。作者还提出了以(火用)热效率比及(火用)热比评价印染企业的合理供能,并提出节能的途径和方向。     

及其在制冷工程中的应用

为了在国内能逐步对(火用)在制冷中的应用引起注意,本文介绍了(火用)的基本概念。列出了制冷系统中各个设备的(火用)平衡及(火用)损计算式,并通过对压缩式制冷机的具体计算,介绍了(火用)分析的方法,绘制了(火用)焓图与(火用)流图,指出了使用(火用)图及(火用)分析的优越性,列出了某些国产制冷机的(火用)效率值。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that