Pb（II）污染土抗剪强度及电阻率特性研究

通过研究不同铅污染含量在快剪试验中的抗剪强度和电阻率的变化,探讨了剪应力和剪切位移、抗剪强度和铅污染含量、电阻率和剪切位移及抗剪强度和电阻率的关系。结果表明:铅污染土在剪切过程中没有明显的屈服点,剪应力随剪切位移的增加而增大;受铅污染土壤抗剪强度略大于未污染土壤;铅污染土壤的抗剪强度在5 mg/kg时比未污染土壤大,之后随污染浓度呈现先减小后增大的趋势;电流频率为低频(50 Hz)和高频(50 kHz)时,电阻率随剪切位移变化趋势相同,均先减小后增大,在4 mm左右最小,但50 k Hz时的电阻率曲线更光滑,更能有效地反映铅污染土在剪切破坏的过程中电阻率变化情况,采用电流频率为50 kHz的电阻率能较好地判断铅污染土的剪切破坏位移。     

粉土在直剪试验中的强度特性研究

通过在不同初始含水率、不同干密度、不同垂直压力条件下的直剪试验.研究重塑粉土强度指标随这些外部因素的变化规律,研究表明,垂直压力、干密度的增大时提高重塑粉土峰值强度作用明显,随初始含水率增加,重塑粉土土体峰值强度的剪切位移增加,而峰值强度、黏聚力、内摩擦角都有先增大后减小的趋势.     

基于电阻率的非饱和盐渍土抗剪强度预测研究

非饱和土体强度研究一直是一个重难点,为了探寻电阻率与非饱和土抗剪强度之间的联系,通过滤纸法测定盐渍土的吸力结合室内电阻率测试、直剪试验,得到了非饱和盐渍土电阻率随含水率成指数减小关系,电阻率随吸力成指数增加关系;结合土水特征曲线,获得非饱和盐渍土基质吸力与电阻率之间的关系,并基于Fredlund模型提出了以电阻率为自变量的非饱和盐渍土抗剪强度数学模型,为研究非饱和土强度预测提供了理论依据.     

非饱和粉土力学特性的大型直剪试验

以LG-8200M型室内大型直接剪切仪为基础,针对非饱和粉土的抗剪强度及变形特性问题展开实验研究.研究结果表明:(1)低含水质量分数的重塑非饱和粉土试样在高垂直压力下剪切峰值不明显,呈现明显的应变硬化特性,在低垂直压力(0.1 MPa)下剪应力-剪切位移关系存在剪切峰值,达到峰值后曲线趋于平缓.(2)相同含水质量分数的重塑非饱和粉土试样,其剪切面抗剪强度随法向应力的增大而提高,随剪切速率的增大而降低,剪切速率每增加0.4 mm/min,其抗剪强度减少约20%~30%.(3)不同含水质量分数的重塑非饱和粉土试样,其抗剪强度指标(c,φ)随含水质量分数的增大呈现先升高后减小的变化趋势,且含水量超过临界值后,粉土的抗剪强度会急剧衰减,内摩擦角比粘聚力衰减速度更为明显.     

基于含水量和干密度影响的压实土抗剪强度试验

为准确评价填土强度,对某高填方机场不同深度、不同方位原状土,不同土石比、不同压实度、不同含水量的重塑土进行直剪试验,建立考虑含水量和干密度共同影响的填土强度公式.结果表明:随着含水量的增加,土体抗剪强度降低,黏聚力和内摩擦角均下降,且含水量对黏聚力的影响比内摩擦角大;土体抗剪强度受含水量和干密度共同影响.原状土剪切方位不变时,随着深度的增加黏聚力先增大,之后基本保持不变或略微减小.含水量不变时,黏聚力随着剪切方位角度的增大而增大,内摩擦角相对黏聚力变化不大.重塑土在不同含水量状态下,干密度不同时抗剪强度指标变化差异较大,土石比为4∶6的土样抗剪强度略低于2∶8的土样.     

考虑应力修正的麦秆土直剪试验抗剪强度指标研究

为了分析麦秆含量对土壤抗剪强度指标的影响,获取更可靠的抗剪强度指标,推广能源节约型农业耕作生产,用TMS-PRO计算机控制质构仪做麦秆剪切试验。用应变控制式直剪试验研究原状与重塑麦秆土抗剪强度指标,分析麦秆含量对土壤抗剪强度指标的影响。应用应力修正法对直剪试验的正应力与剪应力进行修正,研究修正前、后麦秆土抗剪强度指标的变化量及随麦秆含量的变化规律,并对原状与重塑麦秆土修正前、后的黏聚力、内摩擦角拟合线分别进行叠加。试验结果表明:麦秆抗剪强度随含水量的增加而增大,麦秆土抗剪强度指标随麦秆含量的增加而增大,黏聚力符合线性拟合的规律、内摩擦角符合二次函数拟合的规律。考虑应力修正后原状与重塑麦秆土黏聚力较修正前提高了24%、内摩擦角较修正前提高了18%;未经修正的原状与重塑麦秆土在麦秆含量为0.58%时具有相同的黏聚力,在麦秆含量为0.37%时具有相同的内摩擦角;考虑应力修正后的原状与重塑麦秆土在麦秆含量为0.65%时具有相同的黏聚力,在麦秆含量为0.40%时具有相同的内摩擦角;在交汇点之后麦秆土抗剪强度指标增速表现为原状大于重塑。     

硫酸对赤泥改良黄土剪切特性的影响

为了探究硫酸浓度对抗剪强度的影响,通过室内直接剪切试验测试赤泥改良黄土在不同浓度硫酸下的抗剪强度。将电阻率法应用到直剪试验中,分析剪切过程中电阻率和剪应力随剪切位移的变化趋势。同时探讨了硫酸侵蚀下不同垂直压力对电阻率和抗剪强度的影响。结果表明:在不同的硫酸浓度下电阻率随剪切位移的增大快速增大,剪应力随剪切位移的增大而增大;相同浓度硫酸下,随垂直压力的增大电阻率和剪应力都增大。由抗剪强度和垂直压力的线性关系,得到硫酸侵蚀下赤泥改良黄土的抗剪强度指标;分析了抗剪强度与硫酸浓度之间的关系。     

洗衣粉污染土压缩特性及电阻率的试验研究

采用人工拌和方法制备4种不同洗衣粉含量的污染粉土,通过常规土工试验、压缩试验和电阻率测试,研究洗衣粉含量对土体稠度指标和压缩性的影响以及电阻率变化特性。试验结果表明:洗衣粉污染土的液、塑限随洗衣粉含量的增加而增大;当洗衣粉质量分数9g/kg时,污染土的液、塑限值小于无污染土的液、塑限值,洗衣粉污染土的塑性指数均大于无污染土,塑性指数随洗衣粉含量增加而增大;当含量达到9g/kg时,塑性指数达到最大值;之后随洗衣粉含量进一步提高,塑性指数减小。压缩试验表明,除洗衣粉含量为1.5g/kg的污染土外,当压力区间在600kPa以内时,污染土的压缩性均高于无污染土;当压力小于400kPa时,随洗衣粉含量提高,污染土的压缩性先增大后减小;随着压力增大,污染土与无污染土的压缩性均表现出减小的趋势,当压力为600~800kPa时,污染土的压缩性与无污染土的压缩性趋于相同,后者略大于前者。污染土的电阻率与洗衣粉含量存在负指数相关,基于阿尔奇电阻率模型,建立了推广的洗衣粉污染土的电阻率模型。     

紫色土耕地埂坎2种典型根——土复合体抗剪强度特征

选择紫色土耕地典型埂坎采样进行直剪试验,测试了黄豆根—土复合体、杂草根—土复合体和素土的抗剪强度,根据Mohr-Coulomb公式计算了黏聚力和内摩擦角.结果表明:试样剪切位移相同时,剪应力随轴向荷载增加均呈非线性增大.轴向荷载相同时,黄豆根—土复合体、杂草根—土复合体和素土剪应力峰值均随深度增加而减小.剪切位移为0~6mm时,2种根—土复合体和素土试样剪应力随剪切位移的增加而增加,剪切位移为6~10mm时,剪应力基本保持稳定.与素土相比,黄豆和杂草根系能明显提高0~10cm和10~20cm层紫色土极限抗剪强度,相对而言,杂草根系较发达且扰动小,固结土壤效果更好.20~30cm层黄豆、杂草2种根—土复合体中根系含量少,极限抗剪强度与素土间均无显著性差异.黄豆、杂草根—土复合体试样残余抗剪强度在4种轴向荷载下均随深度的增加而减小.轴向荷载为100k Pa和200k Pa时,素土试样残余抗剪强度从0~10cm到10~20cm层明显减小,而10~20cm与20~30cm层间差异不大,轴向荷载为300k Pa和400k Pa时,残余抗剪强度值随深度的增加而减小.     

南阳黄褐土力学特性实验研究

运用应变控制式直剪仪,对不同含水率及粗颗粒砂含量的南阳重塑黄褐土开展直剪实验,分析含水率、粗颗粒砂含量对土体抗剪强度、黏聚力及内摩擦角的影响;实验结果表明:抗剪强度都随着垂直压力的增大而增大;随着含水率的增加而降低;黏聚力、内摩擦角随土样的含水率的增加而减少;含水率低于16%,对内摩擦角影响较小;在16~22%间,含水率对内摩擦角影响明显;含水率大于22%,含水率对内摩擦角影响较小。黄褐土含水率在15%情况下,粗颗粒砂含量影响对其力学特性影响明显:黄褐土和砂粒的含量分别为60%和40%时,重塑土的抗剪强度达到最大值;粗砂粒含量由20%增加到60%,由粗颗粒砂与黄褐土组成混合体的粘聚力迅速减小到最小;粗砂粒含量由60%增加到80%,混合体的粘聚力迅速增加,其粘聚力在砂粒含量60%达最低;砂粒含量由20%增加到50%,其內摩擦角迅速增加到最大,砂粒含量由50%增加到80%,其內摩擦角迅速降低到32.92°。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with