多能级系统的量子Zeno效应(英文)

众所周知,当不稳定量子系统被频繁测量时,量子Zeno效应就会发生,此效应在量子信息和量子通信中具有重要意义.然而,以前人们所研究的量子Zeno效应多数是针对二能级系统.可以验证三能级系统里同样存在量子Zeno效应,这将对不同量子系统量子态跃迁的阻止和量子Zeno效应的理解带来帮助,同时,在此基础上拓展到高维系统,也证明此效应的存在.     

量子测量与时空塌缩

在综述量子Zeno效应和量子态超空间传送(它包括量子Teleportation和Swapping)的同时，着重分析了它们与量子力学基本原则以及时空性质之间的关连．强调指出，量子测量将导致空间广延性的消失和时间流淌性的停滞，而所述的三个奇妙量子现象正是这种时空塌缩的物理表现．     

二项式光场与负二项式光场对超导量子比特读出电流的影响

研究了二项式态光场和负二项式态光场与耦合超导量子比特相互作用下的超导电流的时间演化规律.研究结果显示:在确定的二项式态或负二项式态光场中,耦合超导量子比特的初始量子态对穿过自身的超导电流的动力学行为几乎没有影响;但光场的量子态,尤其是光场参数对超导电流的动力学行为具有调控作用.因此,通过测量超导量子比特的输出电流,能够探测量子光场的统计性质.     

集体幅值阻尼信道上的量子安全直接通信

针对幅值阻尼信道,提出了一个高效的量子安全直接通信协议.协议利用两粒子量子态编码一个逻辑比特,从而可以抵抗集体幅值阻尼效应.消息分发者直接将秘密编码,接收者执行确定的测量解码消息,测量不存在测量基不匹配的情况.量子态传输过程利用非正交态不可区分性保证其安全性.此外,利用量子计算的基本操作构造了量子线路以实现信道编码和信息编码.     

带耦合项的含时受迫谐振子的量子特性

采用量子不变量理论,推导出带耦合项的含时受迫谐振子量子态的时间演化算符,结果表明系统会随时间演化到压缩态,并且计算了量子涨落和产生压缩的条件。     

量子态的相位测量

阐述了一种新的测量量子态相位信息的方法及其原理. 通过测量由时域对称场所制备的量子态的量子干涉效应, 实现了对量子态的相位信息的提取和测量. 给出了该物理模型下的测量结果的解析表示, 揭示了被测量子态的相位信息和周期演化规律. 在理论上提出了实现可见光范围内几何相位测量的有效方法.     

量子系统中纯态和混合态量子芝诺效应研究

当不稳定量子系统被频繁地测量时,此系统的状态保持不变,量子芝诺效应就会发生.现实存在的量子系统由于与环境相耦合而不可避免地处于混合态.然而,人们对量子芝诺效应的研究基本上只针对纯态量子系统.故研究量子系统中混合态量子芝诺效应将更加具有实际意义.可以证明,量子系统中纯态和混合态均存在量子芝诺效应.     

耦合谐振子的量子绝热捷径设计

量子绝热捷径技术旨在加快量子绝热慢过程,已经被广泛用于原子的冷却、转移等量子信息处理过程.研究耦合谐振子模型的量子绝热捷径设计及其热机应用,基于耦合谐振子模型的量子不变量,首先得到Ermakov方程,然后反设计耦合谐振子频率,最终加快绝热过程而不产生末态激发.本工作为耦合谐振子的量子态操控及超绝热量子热机提供了新思路.     

测量基角度偏差对单量子态隐形传送的影响研究

量子隐形传态是量子信息传输的一种重要方式，在量子态传送过程中不可避免地存在信道噪声。本文构造了一组测量算符以分析量子态与测量算符偏差角度的关系，并给出了量子测量信道的信道传递矩阵。通过对未知单量子态隐形传送协议的分析，给出了发送方和接收方测量基的旋转偏差对量子态传送结果的影响，其中接收方的判定概率不再恒为0.25，且从测量信道获取的量子平均互信息量在旋转角为0或π时达到最大值。     

一类两体非X-型量子态的量子失谐

量子失谐是近年来被发现的除量子纠缠外很重要的一种量子关联,是量子信息中两种表达式的差异.针对两体X-型量子态的量子失谐的研究有很多,但对两体非X-型量子态的研究较少.讨论一类含4个参数的两体非X-型量子态的量子失谐.通过对量子测量进行酉变换,得到经典量子关联.最后运用拉格朗日乘数法来求其量子失谐的极值,给出这类两体非X-型量子态量子失谐的解析解.     

Acceleration of quantum decay processes by frequent observations

In theory, the decay of any unstable quantum state can be inhibited by sufficiently frequent measurements--the quantum Zeno effect. Although this prediction has been tested only for transitions between two coupled, essentially stable states, the quantum Zeno effect is thought to be a general feature of quantum mechanics, applicable to radioactive or radiative decay processes. This generality arises from the assumption that, in principle, successive observations can be made at time intervals too short for the system to change appreciably. Here we show not only that the quantum Zeno effect is fundamentally unattainable in radiative or radioactive decay (because the required measurement rates would cause the system to disintegrate), but also that these processes may be accelerated by frequent measurements. We find that the modification of the decay process is determined by the energy spread incurred by the measurements (as a result of the time-energy uncertainty relation), and the distribution of states to which the decaying state is coupled. Whereas the inhibitory quantum Zeno effect may be feasible in a limited class of systems, the opposite effect--accelerated decay--appears to be much more ubiquitous.     

弱耦合近似条件下量子位的消相干

利用子动力学方法讨论了Liouville空间中弱耦合近似条件下量子位的消相干问题，给出了N个量子位的非Markovian过程演化动力学方程和不同时间阶数近似条件下量子位消相干速率。提出了弱耦合条件下非Markovian过程中量子位无消相干一般判据以及投影子空间中量子计算的纠错方法。     

Quantum-coherent coupling of a mechanical oscillator to an optical cavity mode

Optical laser fields have been widely used to achieve quantum control over the motional and internal degrees of freedom of atoms and ions, molecules and atomic gases. A route to controlling the quantum states of macroscopic mechanical oscillators in a similar fashion is to exploit the parametric coupling between optical and mechanical degrees of freedom through radiation pressure in suitably engineered optical cavities. If the optomechanical coupling is 'quantum coherent'--that is, if the coherent coupling rate exceeds both the optical and the mechanical decoherence rate--quantum states are transferred from the optical field to the mechanical oscillator and vice versa. This transfer allows control of the mechanical oscillator state using the wide range of available quantum optical techniques. So far, however, quantum-coherent coupling of micromechanical oscillators has only been achieved using microwave fields at millikelvin temperatures. Optical experiments have not attained this regime owing to the large mechanical decoherence rates and the difficulty of overcoming optical dissipation. Here we achieve quantum-coherent coupling between optical photons and a micromechanical oscillator. Simultaneously, coupling to the cold photon bath cools the mechanical oscillator to an average occupancy of 1.7?±?0.1 motional quanta. Excitation with weak classical light pulses reveals the exchange of energy between the optical light field and the micromechanical oscillator in the time domain at the level of less than one quantum on average. This optomechanical system establishes an efficient quantum interface between mechanical oscillators and optical photons, which can provide decoherence-free transport of quantum states through optical fibres. Our results offer a route towards the use of mechanical oscillators as quantum transducers or in microwave-to-optical quantum links.     

Thermodynamic control by frequent quantum measurements

Heat flow between a large thermal 'bath' and a smaller system brings them progressively closer to thermal equilibrium while increasing their entropy. Fluctuations involving a small fraction of a statistical ensemble of systems interacting with the bath result in deviations from this trend. In this respect, quantum and classical thermodynamics are in agreement. Here we predict a different trend in a purely quantum mechanical setting: disturbances of thermal equilibrium between two-level systems (TLSs) and a bath, caused by frequent, brief quantum non-demolition measurements of the TLS energy states. By making the measurements increasingly frequent, we encounter first the anti-Zeno regime and then the Zeno regime (namely where the TLSs' relaxation respectively speeds up and slows down). The corresponding entropy and temperature of both the system and the bath are then found to either decrease or increase depending only on the rate of observation, contrary to the standard thermodynamical rules that hold for memory-less (Markov) baths. From a practical viewpoint, these anomalies may offer the possibility of very fast control of heat and entropy in quantum systems, allowing cooling and state purification over an interval much shorter than the time needed for thermal equilibration or for a feedback control loop.     

Majorana束缚态对正常金属/三量子点/超导结构输运性质的影响

正常金属/量子点/超导结构可以产生Andreev反射现象,如果在量子点上耦合Majorana束缚态(MBSs),其Andreev反射电导将发生特殊的变化,因而可用于探测MBSs.研究了MBSs对连接在正常金属和超导体之间的线型三量子点输运性质的影响,发现零费米能处的Andreev反射电导在不考虑MBSs之间的耦合时始终等于0.5G₀(G₀=2e²/h),不受量子点能级、量子点间耦合强度、量子点与电极之间耦合强度的影响,具有明显的鲁棒性.     

Climbing the Jaynes-Cummings ladder and observing its nonlinearity in a cavity QED system

The field of cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED), traditionally studied in atomic systems, has gained new momentum by recent reports of quantum optical experiments with solid-state semiconducting and superconducting systems. In cavity QED, the observation of the vacuum Rabi mode splitting is used to investigate the nature of matter-light interaction at a quantum-mechanical level. However, this effect can, at least in principle, be explained classically as the normal mode splitting of two coupled linear oscillators. It has been suggested that an observation of the scaling of the resonant atom-photon coupling strength in the Jaynes-Cummings energy ladder with the square root of photon number n is sufficient to prove that the system is quantum mechanical in nature. Here we report a direct spectroscopic observation of this characteristic quantum nonlinearity. Measuring the photonic degree of freedom of the coupled system, our measurements provide unambiguous spectroscopic evidence for the quantum nature of the resonant atom-field interaction in cavity QED. We explore atom-photon superposition states involving up to two photons, using a spectroscopic pump and probe technique. The experiments have been performed in a circuit QED set-up, in which very strong coupling is realized by the large dipole coupling strength and the long coherence time of a superconducting qubit embedded in a high-quality on-chip microwave cavity. Circuit QED systems also provide a natural quantum interface between flying qubits (photons) and stationary qubits for applications in quantum information processing and communication.     

哈密顿量显含时间的玻色系统时间演变及厄密不变量

本文研究含时耦合玻色系统的时间演化，并且发现用适当选取的厄密不变量，不仅可得到系统量子态的时间演化封闭解，而且可得到时间演化正算符．本文利用时间演化算符讨论了含时耦合光场的相干性．     

基于微腔中自生长量子点的量子光信息存储

提出一个基于微型圆盘光学谐振腔（microdisk structure cavity）中自生长量子点的量子光信号存储方案,该方案利用量子光场和量子点系综自旋态之间的Raman过程来实现长时间的量子光信号存储.该方案的主要优势在于：使用全光学Raman过程来耦合光信号和腔中量子点的导带能级,使系统有可能存在较长的相干时间.此外,这种微腔中自生长量子点的工艺比较成熟,使该方案便于实验上实现、控制和大规模集成.