C3O2催化剂上甲醇合成反应宏观动力学

在内循环无梯度反应器中测定了低压甲醇合成反应宏观动力学.实验采用5mm×5mm圆柱状颗粒催化剂,实验压力5MPa,反应温度215～260°C.以双曲型动力学方程建立了以各组分逸度表示的CO、CO2加氢合成甲醇的双速率宏观动力学模型,并用改进高斯-牛顿法根据实验数据获得了动力学模型中的参数.残差分析和统计检验表明,动力学模型是适定的.宏观反应动力学方程成功应用于上海焦化总厂年产20万吨大型甲醇合成反应器的模拟放大.     

C302催化剂上甲醇合成反应宏观动力学

在内循环无梯度反应器中测定了低压甲醇合成反应宏观动力学。实验采用５ｍ ｍ ×５ｍ ｍ 圆柱状颗粒催化剂,实验压力５ＭＰａ,反应温度２１５～２６０ °Ｃ。以双曲型动力学方程建立了以各组分逸度表示的ＣＯ、ＣＯ２ 加氢合成甲醇的双速率宏观动力学模型,并用改进高斯－牛顿法根据实验数据获得了动力学模型中的参数。残差分析和统计检验表明,动力学模型是适定的。宏观反应动力学方程成功应用于上海焦化总厂年产２０ 万吨大型甲醇合成反应器的模拟放大。     

甲醇合成催化剂XNC-98的本征动力学

在等温积分反应器中研究了四川西南化工研究院研制的新型甲醇合成催化剂XNC-98的本征动力学。实验采用的催化剂为60～80目的细颗粒催化剂，实验压力为4～5MPa，反应温度为210～260℃，空速为8000～12000h^-1。采用了Langmuir—Hinshelwood本征动力学模型。用改进的高斯-牛顿法确定动力学模型参数。残差分析和统计检验结果表明，所得到的本征动力学模型与实验数据吻合良好，为采用细颗粒催化剂的三相淤浆床甲醇合成反应器的设计提供了理论依据。     

新型催化剂C302-2作用下的三相床甲醇合成过程Ⅲ.本征反应动力学

在等温积分反应器中,压力2．5～5．6MPa,温度210～255℃,空速6000～20000h^-1的实验条件下,对西南化工研究院研制的新型低温低压甲醇合成催化剂C302—2的CO、CO2加氢合成甲醇的本征动力学进行了研究。用改进的单纯形法和改进的高斯-牛顿法相结合对所采用的Langmuir—Hinshelwood型动力学模型进行参数估值,得到本征动力学方程。残差分析和统计检验结果表明,得到的本征动力学模型是适定的,可良好地适合于反应条件。实验结果可以为采用细颗粒催化剂的三相淤浆床甲醇合成反应器设计提供本征动力学数据。     

大型甲醇合成反应器模拟设计

针对上海焦化总厂年产２０万吨甲醇装置,提出了绝热－管壳复合型甲醇合成反应器。应用ＣＯ、ＣＯ２加氢合成甲醇反应宏观双速率动力学方程,以甲醇和ＣＯ２为关键组分,建立了甲醇合成反应器催化床的二维数学模型,用正交配置法求得催化床内各组分摩尔分数和床层温度随轴向和径向的分布。模拟计算了主要操作参数如沸腾水压力和温度、操作压力,对反应器操作性能的影响,讨论了催化剂使用中后期反应器的生产能力。生产操作数据与模型     

8 MPa下C307催化剂上甲醇合成反应的本征动力学

在等温积分反应器中研究了操作条件对甲醇合成反应的影响以及C307催化剂上甲醇合成反应的本征动力学.实验采用粒度为0.154～0.198 mm的细颗粒催化剂.实验压力为8MPa,空速5 500～11 000 h-1,反应温度200~260℃.实验结果表明:总碳转化率在实验温度范围内随温度的升高先增加后降低,245℃左右达到最大值,随压力的升高而增加.选取以各组分逸度表示的CO、CO2加氢合成甲醇的Langmuir-Hinshelwood双速率本征动力学模型,用全局通用算法结合马夸特算法确定动力学模型参数.残差分析和统计检验表明,动力学模型是适宜的.     

新型甲醇合成催化剂的宏观动力学

验证了内循环无梯度反应器在气体流量80～130 mL/h、转速600～1 400 r/min时能很好体现无梯度的性能,并采用O.154～0.198 mm的国产新型甲醇合成催化剂NC309,在反应温度190～250℃,反应压力5～8 MPa,体积空速4 000 h^-1的条件下对其宏观动力学进行研究。选择Langmuir-Hinshelwood型动力学方程建立了以各组分逸度表示的CO、CO₂加氢合成甲醇的宏观动力学模型,用合理有效的参数估值方法得到了宏观动力学模型参数。宏观动力学模型得到的CO和CO₂加氢反应的活化能均小于NC309本征动力学模型得到的活化能。     

NC306铜基催化剂上甲醇合成的本征动力学研究

采用微型等温积分反应器,在5 MPa、225~271℃,原料气中CO、CO2和H2的摩尔分数分别为5.13%~14.23%、0.56~9.20%和61.96%~77.48%的条件下,对国产NC306型低压铜基甲醇合成催化剂的本征动力学特性进行了实验研究.基于CO和CO2竞争加氢双路线合成甲醇反应模式,以Simplex-Powell复合优化法和Merson迭代法对动力学实验数据进行搜索、选优,建立了NC306型低压铜基甲醇合成催化剂的L-H-H-W型动力学模型.统计检验结果表明,所建模型良好地吻合了实验数据,是适宜和可信的.     

新型环柱形乙烯基乙酸酯合成催化剂宏观反应动力学

在无梯度反应器中，对上海石化科技开发公司所开发的环柱形乙烯基乙酸酯合成催化剂的宏观反应动力学进行了研究，在与工业操作条件相似的实验条件下，采用幕函数型反应动力学模型对实验数据进行回归和参数估值，得到主，副反应的宏观动力学模型。     

丁炔二醇合成反应的床层宏观动力学测定

本文设计了一种能模拟工业涓流床反应器操作条件的外循环微分反应器。应用此实验室反应器,测定了丁炔二醇合成反应的床层宏观动力学。用回归分析法,从实验数据得到了宏观反应速率与催化剂外部接触效率的经验数学模型。该模型成功地经受了中试绝热装置的检验。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with