三七皂苷的选择性吸附分离研究

用大孔树脂对三七提取液中的皂苷进行选择性吸附分离,采用减压内部沸腾法对三七进行提取,以人参皂苷Rb1与人参皂苷Rg1的比值高低作为吸附选择性考察指标,通过静态吸附法找出最佳树脂及吸附液的浓度,在动态吸附中确定上样量及解吸剂的用量。实验结果表明:D-4020树脂对Rb1的吸附选择性最高;减压内部沸腾提取液的浓度符合直接上柱要求,上样量为每克树脂54 mg Rb1,树脂吸附饱和后先用30%乙醇洗涤,再用60%乙醇解吸可得到Rb1含量为57.7%的人参二醇型皂苷;通过回收泄漏液,再用D-4020树脂吸附,30%乙醇解吸,可得到Rg1和三七皂苷R1总含量为75.2%的人参三醇型皂苷,分离效果显著,具有良好的应用前景。     

内部沸腾法优化螺旋藻多糖提取工艺研究

采用内部沸腾法优化螺旋藻多糖提取工艺.利用正交实验设计分析乙醇浓度、料液比、提取温度和时间对螺旋藻多糖得率的影响.结果表明:用内部沸腾法提取螺旋藻多糖的最佳条件为:40%乙醇,料液比1∶14,温度80℃,提取时间5min,多糖得率是8.92%.内部沸腾法快速、高效、经济,可有效用于螺旋藻多糖的提取.     

虎杖减压沸腾提取工艺研究

为探索减压沸腾提取在中药虎杖提取中的优势,以白藜芦醇为考察指标确定虎杖减压沸腾提取的最佳工艺条件,比较减压沸腾提取与常压回流提取、超声提取和温浸提取的白藜芦醇得率、浸出物得率、透光率、蛋白质的含量、可溶性糖的含量以及DPPH自由基清除率。最终获得的减压沸腾提取的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇浓度70%、料液比1:10、真空度0.02 MPa、温度为50℃、提取时间1 h。与常压回流提取和超声提取相比,减压提取白藜芦醇得率高,透光率高,浸出物得率低,蛋白质、可溶性糖等杂质的含量低,DPPH自由基清除率高。结果表明,减压沸腾提取优于传统的提取方法,尤其对含热敏性成分中药材的提取有一定的借鉴意义。     

咖啡中绿原酸高效液相色谱法测定及不同提取工艺的比较研究

用正交设计对水浸提法、水浸提+超声波法、乙醇浸提法、乙醇浸提+超声波法进行比较,以咖啡提取物中绿原酸的含量为评判指标,考察时间、温度、乙醇浓度对提取物有效成分绿原酸含量的影响.采用高效液相色谱法测定该成分的含量.最佳提取工艺为乙醇浸提+超声波法,最佳提取条件为超声提取30 min、温度60℃、乙醇浓度70%,此条件下提取绿原酸的含量最高.影响提取的主次因素为:超声时间温度乙醇浓度.     

解吸-热提两步法提取银杏叶中的黄酮研究

用解吸-热提两步提取法(简称两步法)提取银杏(Ginkgo biloba)叶中的黄酮,并与传统的醇提和水提方法进行比较。两步法是在10．00g银杏叶粉末中加入解吸剂乙醇溶液,25℃静置一定时间,再加入沸腾的提取溶剂乙醇溶液提取,提取2次,合并滤液进行分析。结果表明,两步法提取银杏黄酮的最佳操作参数为解吸剂乙醇浓度为60％、用量为样品量的1．6倍,解吸时间15min,溶剂乙醇浓度50％,提取2次,每次15min、溶剂用量为样品量的40倍。两步法提取黄酮的得率为2．69％,比水提法提高了0．57％,比醇提法略高;两步法提取的浸膏黄酮含量为6．91％,比水提法提高了1．89％、比醇提法提高了0．96％;两步法的提取时间比传统法少4～8倍。     

紫茎泽兰中绿原酸提取工艺的研究

采用正交试验比较了水提、醇提和乙酸乙酯提3种提取法,确定了紫茎泽兰叶中绿原酸用乙醇提取效果最佳,其最优提取工艺参数为:乙醇体积分数50%,乙醇pH值为4,料液质量比为1∶10,回流时间4 h,温度70℃.所得绿原酸进一步经NKA-9型大孔树脂纯化后纯度为23.91%.     

葵花粕中绿原酸的提取及其抗氧化研究

采用乙醇回流提取法提取葵花粕中的绿原酸,探讨乙醇溶液体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间、pH值对绿原酸提取量的影响,采用正交试验对绿原酸的提取工艺进行优化,并对葵花粕绿原酸的抗氧化活性进行了研究。结果表明:绿原酸的最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇溶液体积分数55%、提取温度60℃、提取时间1.5h、料液比1∶12(g.mL-1)、pH值6、提取1次。     

苎麻叶中绿原酸的提取

研究了从苎麻叶中提取绿原酸的最佳工艺.在单因素实验的基础上,通过正交实验设计考察了提取溶剂的选择以及提取温度、料液比、提取时间和pH值等对绿原酸提取率的影响.得到的最佳工艺条件为:以pH=4.0,体积分数为70%的乙醇溶液浸提苎麻叶3次,料液比为1:10,提取温度为70 ℃,提取时间为2 h;采用该工艺,可使绿原酸呈分子形式被有效地浸出,绿原酸的提取率达83%.     

金银花中绿原酸提取工艺研究

通过设计正交试验,以HPLC法检测的绿原酸含量为考察指标,对样品颗粒大小、提取溶剂、超声波处理时间和提取次数进行提取工艺优化。结果为样品颗粒过60目筛,50%甲醇为溶剂,40℃水浴超声处理20 min时,金银花中绿原酸提取量最高,为17.015 mg/g,重复提取2次时绿原酸提取率为95.57%。该方法简单、快速、准确,可用于金银花中绿原酸的提取。     

液固萃取法从烟叶中提取绿原酸的工艺研究

本文以烟叶为原料提取绿原酸,对其液固萃取工艺进行了系列研究,结果表明：从烟叶中提取绿原酸的最佳条件,即选择乙醇作为提取溶剂,提取时间1.5h,提取温度60℃,乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶30。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.