北半球冬季大气环流变化对中国汛期雨带类型分布的影响

 基于1951～2001年1～5月500hPa高度场资料,研究了前期大气环流与中国汛期雨带类型分布的关系.通过分析前期各雨带类型对应的距平合成场和格点样本平均值显著性检验图,以及各雨带类型相应的前期大气环流特征.指出1～2月500hPa层次上,大气环流明显的表现为大尺度分布特征,而3～5月的大尺度分布特征不明显.这表明冬季(1～2月)各雨带类型的显著性关键区的大气环流异常是影响中国汛期雨带类型分布的一个重要因素.从而提出了一些预报线索,可供夏季我国大范围旱涝趋势的长期预报参考.     

淮北夏季暖式切变线暴雨特征及其预报预警

针对2000-2009年安徽省淮北地区夏季22例暖式切变线暴雨过程,利用MICAPS平台获取的多种资料、NCEP逐6h的2.5°×2.5°再分析资料和T213资料,应用天气分析、对比订正等方法,研究暖式切变线暴雨气候特征及其预报预警.基于大气环流形势分析暴雨影响系统,根据暴雨发生前后的物理量变化得出NCEP资料的物理量阈值,利用T213资料对物理量阈值进行订正,根据满足指标阈值的物理量个数分3个等级进行暴雨的可能性预警,通过预报预警系统界面实现暴雨预报的自动化实时显示,并对预报效果进行试报检验和实际检验.     

绵阳机场一次大雾过程的分析与研究

本文利用常规观测资料、机场自动观测资料、以及NCEP/NCAR的2.5°×2.5°格点的再分析资料对绵阳机场2011年12月的一次大雾过程进行分析,结果表明：高层弱高压脊控制,地面处于均压场中,是有利于绵阳机场大雾形成的一个大气环流形式;中低层充足的水汽及较强的逆温层为大雾维持提供了有力条件;大雾开始生成时,中低层有弱辐散下沉区,使中下层水汽汇合,阻止水汽向上扩散;大雾维持阶段600hPa以下为弱辐散下沉作用,大雾消散阶段600hPa以下开始弱辐合上升为主,辐散场的变化对大雾的生消演变指示意义明显;机场的小气候环境决定了当机场风向由西南或偏西方向转为东南向的过程中,跑道能见度随之下降。     

绵阳机场冬季连续浓雾天气成因及特征分析

该文结合Micaps系统平台,NCEP/NCAR的2.5°×2.5°格点的再分析资料及常规资料等对2013年12月28日～2014年1月2日绵阳机场连续浓雾天气过程的天气学环流背景、相关物理量、大气层结和稳定度进行分析,揭示有利于连续浓雾形成和维持的机制及成因。结果表明此次过程发生前700hPa西南气流带来弱暖湿平流为大雾的产生和维持提供了良好的环流背景;中低层充足的水汽及925hPa以下较强的逆温层为大雾维持提供了有力条件;浓雾发生前期,对流层低层风向以东南和偏南气流为主,发生时有弱西北气流扰动,700hPa以下至近地面层均为辐合上升区,700～500hPa为弱辐散下沉区和零辐散区,这种配置使水汽在中低层汇合,有利于稳定性层结的建立与浓雾的维持。     

重庆地区秋季连阴雨气候特征及前兆信号分析

根据1961—2012年重庆地区34个气象观测站的逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析数据集中的高度场格点资料和NOAA的海温逐月资料,分析了重庆地区秋季连阴雨的气候特征、气候背景与前兆信号.结果表明:近52年来重庆地区秋季连阴雨频数呈线性增多趋势.重庆地区秋季连阴雨偏多(偏少)同期环流对应乌拉尔山地区高度场偏低(高),欧亚中高纬度地区盛行经向(纬向)环流,赤道东太平洋区域海温偏低(偏高).前期春季、夏季孟加拉湾地区、我国南海地区500hPa高度场、赤道中东太平洋地区海温,特别是Nio3.4区的海温异常变化是重庆地区秋季连阴雨出现异常偏多(少)值得关注的前兆信号.     

全球环流异常特征及其与中国气候变化的关系

采用球谐函数展开方法对1948—2009年NCEP/NCAR(美国国家环境预报中心/美国国家大气研究中心)高度距平场再分析资料进行分析,通过"时间-高度"的二维坐标方式考察环流异常的立体结构特征,发现南、北半球大气环流在1980年前后发生了明显的正负位相(槽脊)突变.与中国冬季温度和夏季降水的相关分析表明:前期春、夏、秋季的北半球环流纬向正异常越强,华北地区的冬季气温越高,反之越低;前一年冬季环流异常与华北—河套地区的夏季降水呈现反相关,春季北半球均匀异常环流与华北及西南夏季降水呈现反相关;大气环流的纬向异常与华北—河套地区的夏季降水呈现正相关,而同期环流异常与华北东部、西南及江南北部的降水呈现负相关.     

2008年4月8日开封市大～暴雨过程分析

通过对2008年4月8日开封市的一次降水过程的天气形势、物理量场的演变以及前期气候变化的影响分析,得出结果:这次降雨主要成因是受低槽东移形成的,还与短期大气环流、前期气候的异常变化有关.     

1951-2012年中国大陆0.025°×0.025°高分辨率月气温和降水量格点数据集的建立及其初步应用

鉴于中国缺少高空间分辨率且时间跨度较长的格点气候数据集,基于国家气象局气象信息中心发布的中国753个台站地面气候月值数据集,使用国际常用的ANUSPLIN软件进行空间插值,建立了1951-2012年中国月值气温和降水量的空间超高分辨率(0.025°×0.025°,约2.8 km×2.8 km)格点数据集(简称LZU0025).该数据集与较高分辨率(0.5°×0.5°)的University of Delaware(UDEL),Climate Prediction Center(CPC)全球格点数据集在刻画中国温度和降水时空变化上具有一致性.所建立的格点数据集还可以更好地刻画中国复杂地形下的气温和降水量的时空特征,具有超高空间分辨率和较长时间序列的优点.依据本文建立的高分辨率格点数据集,发现1951-1980年间中国大陆气温最低且以波动为主,20世纪80年代开始气温快速升高,近10年来气温最高但增温趋缓.全国年平均降水量变化无明显趋势,但受西风环流控制的我国西北干旱区降水有增加趋势,而受东亚季风环流控制的华北地区降水有明显减少趋势.     

风廓线雷达资料在淮河流域暴雪中的应用

利用2018年1月2-8日淮河流域一次典型暴雪过程的风廓线雷达资料,分析水平风速、风向、垂直动量、大气折射率结构常数等参数,对暴雪的高低空风场及环流微观结构进行研究.结果表明,风廓线雷达在暴雪发生前就能探测到2.7 km高度左右形成的东北-西南切变,以及低层偏东风增强的风场变化,当2km高度内偏东风增大至约10m/s时...     

ENSO和NAT对河南汛期降水的协同影响

利用1981—2020年河南夏季114站降水资料和欧洲中心第五代再分析资料,通过合成分析、t检验等气候诊断方法,对河南汛期降水异常大气环流特征及其早期驱动因子进行分析.合成分析结果表明：河南汛期降水偏多年,强盛的南亚高压与低层气旋性异常环流配合,利于高空风场辐散及大气的上升运动;河南上游的气旋性异常环流不断输送冷空气,并与西伸偏强的西太平洋副热带高压配合,使得南海、孟加拉湾和西太平洋有水汽输送至河南,而汛期降水偏少年仅有西太平洋的水汽输送至河南;汛期降水偏多年对应太平洋海温从厄尔尼诺转为拉尼娜和冬季到夏季持续的北大西洋三极子负位相.经波作用通量诊断结果表明：大西洋和太平洋的海温异常上空向西太平洋输送波通量,使得西太平洋副热带高压加强西伸北抬,进而形成有利于河南汛期降水的水汽输送异常和大气环流.     

Signal propagations and linkages of subsurface temperature anomalies in the tropical Pacific and Indian Ocean

The propagation characteristics of signals along different zonal-time profiles are analyzed using surface and subsurface temperature anomalies over the tropical Pacific and Indian oceans. Analyses show that there are intrinsic relationships between El Nio events in the eastern equatorial Pacific and dipole events in the equatorial Indian Ocean. In the region of tropical North Pacific between the equator and 16°N, there is a circle of propagation of subsurface temperature anomalies. El Nio events only happen when the warm subsurface signals reach the eastern equatorial Pacific. Dipole events are characterized when a warm subsurface signal travels along off-equatorial Indian Ocean to the western boundary. From these analyses, we believe that subsurface temperature anomalies can be considered to be the oceanographic early signal to forecast El Nio events in Pacific Ocean and dipole events in Indian Ocean, respectively.     

Interannual variation of North China rainfall in rainy season and SSTs in the equatorial eastern Pacific

The rainfall in North China during rainy season （July and August （JA）） exhibits a strong interannual variability. In this study, the atmospheric circulation and SST anomalies associated with the interannual variation of JA North China rainfall are examined. It is found that on the interannual timescale, the JA North China rainfall is associated with significant SST anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific, and the North China rainfall and SST anomaly in the equatorial eastern Pacific correspond to the similar variation of the upper-level westerly jet stream over East Asia. A possible mechanism is proposed for the influence of the SST anomalies in the equatorial eastern Pacific on the North China rainfall.     

副热带太平洋海温异常对赤道海洋的影响

利用完全耦合的气候模式进行敏感性试验, 定量研究副热带太平洋不同经度带的海表面温度异常(SSTA)对赤道太平洋的影响。研究发现, 赤道表层和温跃层海温对副热带太平洋(20°?30°N)西部、中部和东部SSTA的热力响应是相当的。 研究中强调大气?海洋耦合在副热带SSTA影响赤道温跃层过程中的决定性作用, 并提出一种间接的、较“海洋通道”机制更为快速的机制: 副热带SSTA引发局地大气的气旋性响应, 继而引起局地海洋内区的上升流和其面向赤道一侧海洋内区的下沉流, 该下沉流造成的局部温跃层暖异常向着赤道传播, 导致赤道温跃层增暖。     

Features of tropical cyclone landfalls over East Asia corresponding to three types of Pacific warming decaying phase

This study examines the tropical cyclone （TC） landfall activities over the East Asia in three types of decaying phase of warm sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） over the equatorial central-eastern Pacific： eastern Pacific warming decaying to La Nifia, eastern Pacific warming decaying to a neutral E1 Nifio-Southern Oscilla- tion phase, and a central Pacific warming decaying year. Results show that, for the type of eastern Pacific wanning decaying to La Nifia, more TCs make landfall over Hainan Island and Beibu Gulf, whereas fewer TCs reach eastern China coast. In particular, the number of landfalling TCs remarkably decreases in the decaying phase of eastern Pacific E1 Nifio to a neutral year. During the decaying phase of central Pacific E1 Nifio events, more TCs tend to make landfall over southern China, Indochina Peninsula and the Philippines. The anomalies of atmospheric circu- lation and environmental conditions induced by the SSTAs over the tropical Pacific in the different decaying types are responsible for the evident variation in features of TC landfall.     

ENSO事件对云南短期气侯影响的研究

利用云南1951～1997年逐月降水和气温资料和全于1951～1997年月平均海温资料,统计了云南降水和气温对赤道东太平洋海表温度变化的响应,结果表明：云南降水和气温与赤道东太平洋海温的异常有着密切的关系。     

Regional relationship between the Jiang-Huai Meiyu and the equatorial surface-subsurface temperature anomalies

The Jiang-Huai Meiyu rainy season can be distinguished into the Jiangnan Meiyu spell and the Huaihe Meiyu spell. The Jiangnan Meiyu spell appears on the last ten days in June and the Huaihe Meiyu spell lasts from early July to middle July. An inter-decadal transition was observed in 1998 respectively from the anomalies of Jiangnan Meiyu rainfall, the sea surface temperature (SST), and the subsurface tem- perature in the equatorial Pacific. Since the beginning of the 21^_st century, opposite trends and biennial oscillations of the Meiyu rainfall are observed in the Jiangnan and Huaihe basins. Before the strong La Niña of 1999―2000, the positive SST anomalies usually occurred in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Since the beginning of the 21^_st century, a precursory warming signal of SST anomaly comes from the subsurface temperature which is centrally exposed near the dateline in the central equatorial Pacific. The above-normal Meiyu rainfall in 2003, 2005 and 2007 over the Huaihe basin followed the prior winter- spring positive SST anomaly near the dateline. A relationship shows that the more Jiangnan (Huaihe) Meiyu follows the winter-spring warm water in the eastern (central) equatorial Pacific.     

A local positive feedback of the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system on interdecadal timescales

SINCE THE 1990S, THE CLIMATIC VARIABILITY ON INTERDE- CADAL TIME SCALES BECAME THE FOCUS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CLIMATOLOGY RESEARCH MISSIONS[1―3]. ON TIME SCALES OF A DECADE OR MORE, THE OCEAN CIRCULATION PREDOMINATEDHEAT BALANCE AND HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE, S…     

Occurrence of two types of El Niño events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific

The relationships between the evolution of two types of E1 Nifio events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly （SOTA） in the equatorial Pacific are compared in this study. The results show that both types of E1 Nifio are negatively correlated to the SOTA in the equatorial western Pacific, but relationships are different in different phases of E1 Nifio. Furthermore, the occurrence of different types of E1 Nifio is related to different features of the equatorial thermocline, e.g. its zonal gradient, significant variation area, amplitude and duration of thermocline oscillation. The propagation of SOTA in the equator plays an important role during the evolution of both types of E1 Nifio, but shows dramatic differences in intensity, duration and phase reverse of warm SOTA. Moreover, the pathways of SOTA signal are different between these two types of E1 Nifio. The dominant pathway in the life cycle of Eastern Pacific （EP）-E1 Nifio lies on the equator and to its north, but there is no loop to the south of the equator. In contrast, the dominant pathway in Central Pacific （CP）-E1 Nifio is located on the equator and to its south, and the propagation signal of SOTA to the north of the equator is very weak. The relationships between the zonal wind anomalies and the two types of E1 Nifio are also preliminarily discussed. It is shown that EP-E1 Nifio is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial central and western Pacific, while CP-E1 Nifio is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and need the cooperation of easterly anomalies over the equa- torial eastern Pacific to certain extent.     

Occurrence of two types of El Nin?o events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific

The relationships between the evolution of two types of El Ni?o events and the subsurface ocean temperature anomaly(SOTA) in the equatorial Pacific are compared in this study. The results show that both types of El Ni?o are negatively correlated to the SOTA in the equatorial western Pacific, but relationships are different in different phases of El Ni?o. Furthermore, the occurrence of different types of El Ni?o is related to different features of the equatorial thermocline, e.g. its zonal gradient, significant variation area, amplitude and duration of thermocline oscillation. The propagation of SOTA in the equator plays an important role during the evolution of both types of El Ni?o, but shows dramatic differences in intensity, duration and phase reverse of warm SOTA. Moreover, the pathways of SOTA signal are different between these two types of El Ni?o. The dominant pathway in the life cycle of Eastern Pacific(EP)-El Ni?o lies on the equator and to its north, but there is no loop to the south of the equator. In contrast, the dominant pathway in Central Pacific(CP)-El Ni?o is located on the equator and to its south, and the propagation signal of SOTA to the north of the equator is very weak.The relationships between the zonal wind anomalies and the two types of El Ni?o are also preliminarily discussed. It is shown that EP-El Ni?o is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial central and western Pacific, while CP-El Ni?o is more likely to respond to the westerly anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific and need the cooperation of easterly anomalies over the equatorial eastern Pacific to certain extent.     

January temperature anomalies over Northeast China and precursors

This paper analyzes the large-scale atmospheric circulation characteristics of anomalous cases of January temperatures that occurred in Northeast China during 1960-2008 and precursory oceanic conditions.The January monthly mean surface air temperature(SAT) anomalies and the duration of low temperature are used to define temperature anomaly cases.The anomalous cyclonic circulation over northeast Asia strengthens the northerly flow in cold Januarys,while the anomalous anticyclonic circulation weakens the northerly flow in the warm Januarys.The negative(positive) North Pacific sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) and increased(decreased) sea ice concentration in the Barents-Kara seas in the preceding month are probably linked to the cyclonic(anticyclonic) circulation pattern over northeast Asia in the cold(warm) cases.Further analyses indicate that the preceding oceanic conditions play distinct roles in the SAT anomalies over Northeast China on different time scales.Strong relationships exist between North Pacific SSTA and the SAT in Northeast China on the interannual time scale.On the other hand,the sea ice concentration is more closely associated with the interdecadal variations of SAT in Northeast China.