太阳能混合吸收式制冷空调系统的性能研究

提出了一种新型太阳能混合吸收式制冷空调系统,可以较好地利用太阳能制冷,克服传统吸收式系统在利用太阳能实现制冷时存在整体效率低的弊端．混合吸收式制冷循环增设附加高压发生器,同时使高压发生器再生出LiBr溶液与低压吸收器的吸收后的溶液混合,进入高压吸收器,提高了高压吸收器中LiBr溶液的浓度使其压力降低．研究结果表明,新型制冷循环的制冷系数高达0．61,驱动热源的可利用温差最高可达33．2℃,新型太阳能混合吸收式空调系统的整体效率比两级吸收式太阳能空调系统有较大提高,最大提高幅度为94．5％,能更好地发挥太阳能空调的优势．     

一种高效太阳能混合吸收式制冷循环系统

提出一种高效的较大程度利用热源的新型太阳吸收式循环系统，与传统的两级吸收式循环相比，系统增加了一个附加高压发生器，通过高压发生器再出生的LiBr溶液与低压吸器的吸收后的溶液混合，提高高压吸收器的吸收剂浓度从而减小其压力，分析了混合循环的各种性能特性，并与传统的两级吸收式制冷循环进行比较，结果表明混合吸收式循环的发生热源在80－95℃之间，热力系数在传统的两级吸收式循环基础上平均提高20％，其热源可利用温差平均提高20℃，效果较明显。     

无泵溴化锂吸收式制冷机二次发生器的实验研究

在太阳能无泵溴化锂吸收式制冷系统降膜吸收器、降膜蒸发器、弦月形热虹吸提升管、冷凝器等主要部件的基础上，设计了一套二次发生器，有效地降低了热源温度（最低启动温度为68℃，稳定运行温度范围为80-93℃），提高了太阳能的利用率．二次发生器在提高系统冷凝器与蒸发器间压差的同时，使系统能在较低的溶液初始质量分数范围（46%～54%）下运行，放气范围可达6%，吸收率是二次发生器关闭时的3倍，有助于提高吸收器性能；冷剂水产量提高，是相应未开二次发生装置时冷剂水产量的1．68倍，蒸发效果明显改善；随着加热水温度和吸收器浓溶液温度的升高，吸收器冷却水温差和冷媒水温差均增大，冷媒水出口温度降低，改善了制冷系统的整体运行性能，平均制冷系数可达0．725．     

高温双再生器型吸收式热变换器热力循环分析

提出一种新型以溴化锂溶液为工质的高温双再生器型吸收式热变换器（HDAHT）循环系统,该系统在高温单级吸收式热变换器循环中再生器和冷凝器之间增加了第二级再生器.HDAHT系统可以将高温废热源的温度进一步提高至有用温位.对HDAHT内各参数对系统性能系数COP的影响进行了模拟计算.计算结果表明,系统性能系数COP随着蒸发温度、低压再生器温度和溴化锂溶液中间浓度的升高而增大,随着吸收温度、高压再生器温度和溴化锂稀溶液浓度的升高而减小.在适合的操作条件下,本循环的系统性能系数COP达到了0.61,是高温单级吸收式热变换器的1.2倍.所得到的这些规律将为高温吸收式热变换器设计系统优化提供必要的理论依据.     

NH3-H2O-LiBr吸收式制冷机吸收和蒸发性能的实验研究

对1.5kW NH3-H2O-LiBr吸收式制冷机的吸收和蒸发性能进行了实验研究.实验共采用20组溶液,其中氨的质量分数分别为50%、55%和60%,LiBr的质量分数范围为0～50%.有关吸收性能的实验结果表明,LiBr的加入并不能一直降低吸收压力,当LiBr浓度增大到一定值时,吸收压力反而升高,导致吸收效果恶化,此时的LiBr浓度称为吸收压力LiBr拐点浓度,且随着氨浓度的升高,该LiBr拐点浓度减小.有关蒸发性能的实验结果表明,发生器溶液中氨浓度一定时,相同温度下蒸发器内蒸发压力随着LiBr浓度的升高均先增大后减小.有关系统性能系数的实验结果表明,发生器溶液中氨浓度一定时,系统性能系数随着LiBr浓度的升高均先增大后减小.当w(NH3)为60%、w(LiBr)为30%时,系统最大性能系数为0.402,较二元NH3-H2O机组提高了30.94%,说明该实验结果可指导NH3-H2O-LiBr三元溶液在吸收式制冷机中的应用.     

先进吸收式制冷循环构建理论及其应用研究

该研究提出了制冷能力的新概念,并将其用于吸收式制冷循环性能的分析及其新循环的构建。针对中低温大温降余热利用不充分的技术难题,该报告创建了一种结构形式简单、能高效利用该类热源的先进吸收式制冷循环,理论研究结果显示,在所研究的工况范围内,新循环单位质量热源流体的制冷量比传统单效循环高20%以上。针对低温余热难以高效利用的技术难题,该报告通过合理利用或者改变溶液的现实扩散制冷能力,根据不同工况的需求,分别构建了3个新的先进吸收式制冷循环。理论研究表明:新构建的循环比传统循环具有更高的效率。针对中温余热难以高效利用的技术难题,该报告分别构建了两个1.x效吸收式制冷循环。理论研究表明,在所研究工况范围内,新提出的1.x效吸收式制冷循环的COP比传统单效循环可以提高20%左右。为了验证所提出的新循环及其所采用的理论模型,该课题设计并搭建了1.x效吸收式制冷循环实验装置。实验研究表明,当蒸发温度为5℃、吸收温度和冷凝温度为40℃、发生温度为135.3℃的时候,新循环的COP比传统单效循环的COP提高20%左右,当发生温度为127℃、冷凝温度和吸收温度为40℃、蒸发温度为10℃时,新循环的COP能达到1左右,比传统单效循环COP高30%左右,从而在实验上验证了新循环具有比传统循环高得多的效率。     

氨-水和氨-水-溴化锂在吸收式制冷机中的对比实验研究

通过吸收式制冷实验,对比研究了溴化锂对于氨水吸收式系统性能的影响,包括浓溶液发生过程气-液相平衡特性和系统性能系数的变化.测定了氨-水-溴化锂三元吸收式系统发生过程中的温度-压力关系,计算了系统的性能系数.温度范围从15℃到80℃,压力达1.5 MPa.实验采用了3组溶液:A(X(NH3)=48%),B(X(NH3)=51.8%,X(LiBr)=42%),C(X(NH3)=58.7%,X(LiBr)=42%).对比发现,溶液B、C的发生压力分别比相同氨含量的二元溶液下降了约21%和30%,且发生温度越高,发生压力降幅就越大.采用溶液A时系统的性能系数为0.242,而采用溶液B、C时性能系数分别为0.293和0.334,分别提高了17.2%和33.6%.因此,在氨水吸收式制冷机中加入溴化锂可以明显提高机组的性能系数.     

采用R1234ze(E)/离子液体工质对的吸收式制冷循环性能分析

针对传统吸收式制冷工质对H_2O/LiBr和NH_3/H_2O等存在的问题,且含离子液体的工质对是一类有潜力的新型吸收式制冷工质对,选取烯烃类制冷剂R1234ze(E)与3种离子液体[Bmim][PF_6]、[Hmim][PF_6]和[Omim][PF_6]组成的工质对在单效吸收式制冷循环中的性能展开了研究。首先,运用NRTL活度系数模型关联了3种工质对的相平衡数据,建立了相关的热力学模型;其次,通过建立的热力学模型分析了不同发生温度、蒸发温度和冷凝温度时工质对的循环倍率、稀溶液与浓溶液的浓度差、系统性能系数以及■效率等的变化规律;最后,通过与文献中的R1234ze(E)以及其他离子液体(包括[Hmim][Tf_2N]、[Omim][BF_4]、[Hmim][BF_4]和[Emim][BF_4]等)组成的工质对在吸收式制冷循环中的性能进行了对比。研究结果表明:在冷凝温度为30℃时,3种工质对的性能在发生温度70℃时达到最大值,循环的■效率在65℃时达到最大,且工质对R1234ze(E)/[Omim][PF_6]的性能系数最大,可达到0.21,其■效率为0.089;R1234ze(E)/[Hmim][Tf_2N]系统性能最优,R1234ze(E)/[Emim][BF_4]的性能最低。研究结果可为后续新型制冷工质对在吸收制冷循环中的实际应用提供一定的参考。     

新型溴化锂增压吸收式制冷循环

针对传统吸收式制冷机不宜应用于驱动热源温度有波动或无高品位热源可供利用的场合的问题，提出了一种以少量电能补偿热能品位的新型循环－增压吸收式循环，增强吸收式循环克服了传统循环的缺点，补偿相当于制冷量2％－10％的电能可以使驱动热源温度降低约5－20℃，而且新循环与传统循环的制冷系数基本相当。     

氨水吸收式制冷GAX循环中临界热源温度的理论分析

对氨水吸收式制冷GAX循环进行了理论分析,阐述了GAX循环存在临界热源温度的原因,编制了计算机模拟程序,分别对氨水吸收式制冷GAX循环与一般循环系统进行了理论计算与比较.得出了GAX循环性能与热源温度之间的变化关系:在蒸发温度为3 ℃、冷却水为32 ℃的条件下, GAX循环系统最低临界热源温度为110 ℃;在蒸发温度为3 ℃时, GAX循环系统最低临界热源温度值随冷却水温度的提高而升高;只有热源温度高于临界温度值时, GAX循环性能系数才能得到提高.所得结论为在实际氨水吸收式制冷系统中是否采用GAX循环提供了决策依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that