Effects of cold rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Mn-Mo-Ti-Cr maraging steels

Effects of cold rolling on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-Ni-Mn-Mo-Ti-Cr maraging steels were studied. To investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, tensile test, and hardness test were used. The results show that the solution-annealing treatment in the cold-rolled steel redounds to the formation of submicrocrystalline Fe₂(Mo, Ti) Laves phase particles, which are stable at high temperatures. These secondary Laves phase particles prevent from recrystallization at high temperatures and correspond to semi-brittle fracture in the subsequent aging treatment.     

退火温度对含铌细晶高强IF钢组织与性能的影响

以含铌细晶高强IF钢为研究对象,在不同的退火温度下对实验钢进行模拟连续退火实验。采用OM和TEM对实验钢进行了显微组织和钢中析出二相粒子形貌的观察,得到不同退火温度下对细晶高强IF钢力学性能影响和二相粒子的析出规律,为实验钢的低屈服现象提供依据。在实验钢中晶界周边形成的无沉淀区PFZ带是典型的显微结构特点。实验结果表明,随着退火温度的升高,实验钢晶粒尺寸变大,强度下降,n值和r值有一定提高,部分第二相粒子溶解聚集长大。     

铸轧-轧制法制备镁合金薄板及其组织性能分析

采用自主设计的立式双辊铸轧机生产3～4 mm厚度的镁合金铸轧坯,观察并分析其微观组织,研究对铸轧坯采用不同温度轧制以制备镁合金薄板技术,并对薄板组织性能进行分析.结果表明：铸轧-温轧制（T=280℃）法制备的镁合金薄板表面质量与微观组织表现良好,力学性能出色,其最大抗拉强度达260 MPa,延伸率达11.5％;其一次拉深极限系数me=0.77,能够拉深出较为规范的杯体,具有一定的成形性.说明铸轧-温轧制法是制备镁合金薄板的一种较好途径.     

固溶时效处理对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、室温和高温压缩试验等方法研究了固溶时效对Ni50Ti44Al6合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.Ni50Ti44Al6合金的铸态微观组织是由NiTi基体和沿晶界分布的网状组织构成.随着固溶温度升高,合金中的网状组织部分消失,第二相在基体中趋向于均匀的弥散分布;随时效时间延长,合金的强度先升高后降低.固溶时效处理能有效改善Ni50Ti44Al6合金的力学性能.最佳的处理制度为:合金在1150℃固溶6 h,水淬,再在700℃时效6 h.     

高温均匀化对Nb-Ti-Si-Cr基超高温合金组织和成分分布的影响

研究了不同均匀化温度对Nb-Ti-Si-Cr基超高温合金组织和元素分布的影响;结果发现随着高温均匀化处理温度的升高,硅化物的组织形貌由共晶首先转变为细长条状,随后长大为长条状,Laves相Cr_2Nb的形貌由针状转变为粗大的不规则形貌,最后溶解。随着高温均匀化温度的升高,Ti在初生相Nbss中的含量呈现升高的趋势,而Cr在初生相Nbss中的含量呈现先升高后降低的趋势。     

碳分配处理对原位VCp增强铁基复合材料组织、力学性能和耐磨性的影响

The wear resistance of iron (Fe)-matrix materials could be improved through the in situ formation of vanadium carbide particles (VCp) with high hardness. However, brittleness and low impact toughness limit their application in several industries due to addition of higher carbon content. Carbon-partitioning treatment plays an important role in tuning the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite. In this study, the influences of carbon-partitioning temperatures and times on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite were investigated. The experimental results indicated that a certain amount of retained austenite could be stabilized at room temperature through the carbon-partitioning treatment. Microhardness of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite under carbon-partitioning treatment could be decreased, but impact toughness was improved accordingly when wear resistance was enhanced. In addition, the enhancement of wear resistance could be attributed to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and phase transformation was caused from γ-Fe (face-centered cubic structure, fcc) to α-Fe (body-centered cubic structure, bcc) under a certain load.     

挤压比对低温挤压ZA15锌合金组织和力学性能的影响

利用拉伸试验和扫描电镜,研究了在150℃,挤压比对反向挤压ZA15锌合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着挤压比的增加,ZA15锌合金室温抗拉强度有所提高,但都在150 MPa以下.其伸长率在160%~180%,具有室温超塑性.这主要是由于均匀化后形成的(α+η)片层共析组织经塑性变形后转变成以η相为基体,α相呈粒状弥散分布组织.这意味着采用低温常规挤压制备ZA15锌合金即可获得室温超塑性,同时,其力学性能也能够满足热喷涂ZA15锌合金线材的新标准要求.     

回火次数对P91焊管接头力学性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射分析、透射电镜、选区电子衍射及常温与高温拉伸试验等检测手段,基于不同回火次数下P91焊接接头显微组织的演化过程研究其对力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着回火次数的增多,接头显微组织主要保留了板条马氏体位向的回火索氏体,主要相为α-Fe相和Fe-Cr相,热影响区的室温及高温强度先增大后减小.在回火一次时,弥散析出的MX(M=V/Nb,X=C/N)型碳氮化物、位错缠结及亚稳态的位错网对接头有一定的析出强化及位错强化作用,其力学性能较佳,高温抗拉强度达最大值232.66MPa;随着回火次数进一步增多,离散分布的碳化物Cr23C6逐渐偏聚并在晶界处演化为串链状分布,使晶界脆化,强度降低,但韧性有所改善.     

新型耐热钢20Cr11MoVNbNB强化机理研究

本文研究了高温、长期时效状态下的20Cr11MoVNbNB钢的微观组织和性能。结果表明:基体强化(包括固溶强化和位错强化)、弥散强化是该钢的两个主要强化机制。当L-M参数P<20.3×10~3时,以基体强化为主;当P>20.3×10~3时,以弥散强化为主。当Laves相MoFe_2析出、基体中Mo含量迅速下降及基体发生明显回复再结晶时,该钢强度迅速降低。     

稀土元素La,Y对钨材显微组织和性能的影响

本文借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射技术等手段研究了稀土钨加工材的显微组织和性能、稀土第二相粒子在加工和退火过程中的变化规律及稀土钨材的再结晶行为特征。结果表明:稀土元素La,Y的存在强烈地抑制垂熔过程中钨晶粒的长大,而且Y的抑制作用更为显著;随着加工过程的进行,将发生大尺寸第二相粒子的变形和破裂而小尺寸粒子不变形的过程,这一过程将改变第二相粒子在钨基体中的弥散状态,最终影响到钨材的加工性能、再结晶行为及热电子发射性能;此外第二相粒子在高温下的稳定性也是影响材料高温性能、再结晶行为和热电子发射性能的关键因素。     

纳米贝氏体的热力学分析及强韧化研究

针对目前高碳高硅低温贝氏体(纳米结构贝氏体)相变速度缓慢的现状,采用贝氏体相变热力学理论分析主要合金元素对低温贝氏体相变驱动力的影响,设计了新型纳米结构贝氏体钢成分0.83C-2.44Si-0.43Mn-0.73Al.利用膨胀仪研究该成分贝氏体钢在不同温度下的相变整体动力学,综合使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、电子背散射衍射等方法研究热处理工艺对实验钢组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,350益等温转变贝氏体的抗拉强度为1401 MPa,延伸率为42.21%,强塑积可达59136 MPa·%,在室温拉伸过程中发生明显的相变诱导塑性效应;230益等温转变组织中贝氏体铁素体片层厚度小于100 nm,抗拉强度达2169 MPa.     

标准热处理状态下高强耐蚀C-22HS合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用热力学计算、SEM与TEM观察、力学性能测试等手段研究了一种新型高强耐蚀合金C-22HS在标准热处理状态下的显微组织及力学性能.结果表明:标准热处理状态下C-22HS合金由大小不均匀的等轴晶组成,合金中析出相主要有聚集分布的颗粒相(Mo,Cr)6C和弥散分布的强化相Ni2(Mo,Cr).合金经标准热处理后不仅具有较高的强度,而且具有良好的塑性与冲击韧性;无论是在室温还是高温,它的屈服强度都大大高于C-22合金.     

Preparation of high-strength Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy via heat treatment and rolling

An Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Fe alloy was solid-solution treated at 560°C for 3 h and then cooled by water quenching or furnace cooling. The alloy samples which underwent cooling by these two methods were rolled at different temperatures. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the rolled alloys were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and tensile testing. For the water-quenched alloys, the peak tensile strength and elongation occurred at a rolling temperature of 180°C. For the furnace-cooled alloys, the tensile strength decreased initially, until the rolling temperature of 420°C, and then increased; the elongation increased consistently with increasing rolling temperature. The effects of grain boundary hardening and dislocation hardening on the mechanical properties of these rolled alloys decreased with increases in rolling temperature. The mechanical properties of the 180°C rolling water-quenched alloy were also improved by the presence of β″ phase. Above 420°C, the effect of solid-solution hardening on the mechanical properties of the rolled alloys increased with increases in rolling temperature.     

Effects of annealing temperature on the microstructure and properties of the 25Mn-3Si-3Al TWIP steel

Microstructures and mechanical properties of the 25Mn twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel at different annealing temperatures were investigated. The results indicated that when the annealing temperature was 1000℃, the 25Mn steel showed excellent comprehensive mechanical properties, the tensile strength was about 640 MPa, the yield strength was higher than 255 MPa, and the elongation was above 82%. The microstructure was analyzed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Before deformation the microstructure was composed of austenitic matrix and annealing twins at room temperature; at the same time, a significant amount of annealing twins and stacking faults were observed by TEM. Mechanical twins played a dominant role in deformation and as a result the mechanical properties were found to be excellent.     

Reverse-transformation austenite structure control with micro/nanometer size

To control the reverse-transformation austenite structure through manipulation of the micro/nanometer grain structure, the influences of cold deformation and annealing parameters on the microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel were investigated. The samples were first cold-rolled, and then samples deformed to different extents were annealed at different temperatures. The microstructure evolutions were analyzed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), magnetic measurements, and X-ray diffraction (XRD); the mechanical properties are also determined by tensile tests. The results showed that the fraction of stain-induced martensite was approximately 72% in the 90% cold-rolled steel. The micro/nanometric microstructure was obtained after reversion annealing at 820-870℃ for 60 s. Nearly 100% reversed austenite was obtained in samples annealed at 850℃, where grains with a diameter ≤ 500 nm accounted for 30% and those with a diameter >0.5 μm accounted for 70%. The micro/nanometer-grain steel exhibited not only a high strength level (approximately 959 MPa) but also a desirable elongation of approximately 45%.     

氮含量对SWRH82B盘条组织和性能的影响

为了研究不同含氮量的SWRH82B盘条在组织和性能等方面的差异,利用液压万能试验机对盘条进行拉伸试验,利用扫描电镜（SEM）和透射电镜（TEM）观察盘条的微观组织、拉伸断口及第二相析出情况。结果表明：增氮使索氏体组织的层片间距更细小;增加1.38×10-4的氮可使盘条的屈服强度提高8 MPa、抗拉强度提高28 MPa、延伸率降低1.8%、断面收缩率降低5.8%;高氮盘条比低氮盘条的拉伸断口上有更多的夹杂物;高氮盘条中的析出物更多且分布较弥散,析出物主要集中在位错线或原奥氏体晶界上,经标定,析出物中含有细小的V(C,N)颗粒。     

钢渣基高碱度微晶玻璃的一步法制备及工艺参数研究

为了提高微晶玻璃原料中高钙冶金渣的掺量,需要制备出碱度更高的微晶玻璃. 本文采用一步法,以钢渣为主要原料,制备碱度( CaO与SiO2的质量比)为0. 9的钢渣基高碱度微晶玻璃. 通过X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜和性能测试等手段,研究热处理条件对微晶玻璃微观形貌及线收缩率、体积密度和抗折强度等性能的影响规律. 研究表明,高碱度微晶玻璃适合采用一步法制备工艺,当在1100℃保温120 min时,微晶玻璃烧结过程基本完成,此时获得最大体积密度2. 4 g·cm-3 ,最高抗折强度56. 4 MPa. 微晶玻璃的主晶相为钙铝黄长石,副晶相为辉石. 基础玻璃颗粒在升温过程中完成了成核和析晶过程,而在保温过程中主要进行的是基础玻璃颗粒的烧结致密化和晶体的进一步发育. 升温至1100℃保温30 min,微晶玻璃的抗折强度超过45 MPa,微晶玻璃内部晶体呈方柱状交织排列并构成晶体骨架分布在残余的玻璃基体中;随着保温时间的增加,微晶玻璃的线性烧结收缩率、体积密度和抗折强度均逐渐增大,而晶相的含量基本保持不变,晶体逐渐由球形颗粒状和短柱状发育为长柱状. 晶体的形状以及与残余玻璃相构成的整体致密结构是导致高碱度微晶玻璃力学性能提高的主要因素.     

Microwave sintering effects on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloys

Ti-51at%Ni shape memory alloys (SMAs) were successfully produced via a powder metallurgy and microwave sintering technique. The influence of sintering parameters on porosity reduction, microstructure, phase transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties were investigated by optical microscopy, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), compression tests, and microhardness tests. Varying the microwave temperature and holding time was found to strongly affect the density of porosity, presence of precipitates, transformation temperatures, and mechanical properties. The lowest density and smallest pore size were observed in the Ti-51at%Ni samples sintered at 900℃ for 5 min or at 900℃ for 30 min. The predominant martensite phases of β2 and β19' were observed in the microstructure of Ti-51at%Ni, and their existence varied in accordance with the sintering temperature and the holding time. In the DSC thermograms, multi-transformation peaks were observed during heating, whereas a single peak was observed during cooling; these peaks correspond to the presence of the β2, R, and β19' phases. The maximum strength and strain among the Ti-51at%Ni SMAs were 1376 MPa and 29%, respectively, for the sample sintered at 900℃ for 30 min because of this sample's minimal porosity.     

回火温度对低碳贝氏体高强度钢组织性能的影响

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和力学性能试验机等手段,系统研究了不同回火温度下低碳贝氏体高强度钢的组织及力学性能变化.结果表明:回火后位错密度的变化、析出相的形态、板条贝氏体的合并粗化和M/A岛的分解是导致力学性能变化的主要原因.600℃回火后屈服强度较热轧态强度提高了35MPa,-40℃冲击功提高了49J,此回火温度下实验钢具有最佳的强韧性配合.回火后低碳贝氏体高强度钢韧性改善主要是由于粗大M/A岛的分解,细小弥散分布的M/A岛可有效阻止裂纹扩展,改善低温冲击韧性.     

高铬铸钢轧辊热疲劳过程的组织和性能

针对现场出现的轧辊热疲劳裂纹较严重问题,研究了高铬铸钢轧辊热疲劳过程的组织和性能.通过约束热疲劳实验及高温拉伸实验,获得了热疲劳循环次数与主裂纹长度的关系,测试了高温状态下材料机械性能.用SEM,EDS分析了晶粒组织、成分偏析对热疲劳裂纹扩展的影响.结果表明:高铬铸钢轧辊的表面状态影响热疲劳裂纹萌生、扩展路径和方式;热循环上限温度及升温速度对裂纹扩展速率的影响较大;材料性能、组织变化等对高铬铸钢的热疲劳性能有明显影响.