NdFeB磁性材料化学镀非晶态Ni—W—P合金及其相转变行为

采用化学镀方法在NdFeB磁性材料表面施镀非晶态Ni—W—P合金,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）及X射线衍射仪对Ni—WP合金镀层的组织形貌、结构及其相转变行为进行了分析．结果表明,非晶态Ni—W—P合金镀层是由大量不同尺寸的颗粒状或胞状突起组成,随着热处理温度逐渐升高,镀层结构由非晶结构逐渐转变为晶态结构,非晶态Ni—W—P合金镀层的晶化转变温度范围为350～380℃．     

三价铬电沉积非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金的研究

研究了一种电镀液性能优良、重现性好且利于环保的非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金电沉积新技术，采用此技术获得的非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金中Fe、Ni和Cr的质量分数分别为45％－55％，33％－37％和9％－23％。利用正交试验法对电镀液的配方和工艺参数进行了优化，采用优化的方法于室温下电沉积20min可得到Fe、Ni和Cr质量分数分别为54.4%,33.9%和11.7%的镜面非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层，镀层厚度达11.3μm、维氏硬度达560左右。分别采用等离子发射光谱（ICP－AES）、X－射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X－射线荧光分析等方法对非晶态Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层的组成、结构、性能、厚度及其影响因素了检测分析。实验结果表明，镀液组分对合金镀层成分有较明显的影响，而电沉积操作条件则对合金镀层物理性能的影响较为明显。只有当电镀液中含有稳定剂H－W时电沉积所得合金镀层中才有Cr存在，且由于稳定剂H－W与添加剂的共同作用，导致所得Fe-Ni-Cr合金镀层具有非晶态结构。     

钢铁表面Cu—Sn—P／Ni—Sn—P合金复合镀层的结构和性能

钢铁表面浸镀Cu-Sn-P合金，得到金黄色仿金镀层．在金黄色镀层上化学镀法Ni—Sn—P合金，形成Cu-Sn-P／Ni-Sn-P合金复合镀层，确定了镀液的最佳组成和工艺，用盐水浸泡测定复合镀层的防腐蚀性，用SEM，XPS和AES谱分析镀层的表面形貌、组成、结构和性能．结果表明，合金复合镀层使钢铁耐腐蚀性得以改善，Cu—Sn—P镀层可表示为Cu—Sn—P／CuxOy／SnxOy；Ni—Sn—P镀层可表示为Ni—Sn—P／NixOy／SnxOy，各元素的相对原子百分浓度分别为Ni52．2％，O6．9％，Sn18．7％，P12．9％，Fe9．3％．     

电沉积镍—钨非晶态合金耐蚀性研究

本文研究了电沉积法制备的镍—钨非晶态合金的耐蚀性能,通过对镍—钨晶态和非晶态镀层进行浸渍实验及阳极极化曲线测量,可知非晶态镀层比晶态镀层具有更高的耐蚀性.     

化学沉积Ni—Cu—P合金镀层的组织结构

利用DSC和XRD研究了化学沉积Ni-Cu-P合金镀层的组织结构和晶化过程。结果表明：随着镀层中Cu含量的升高,Ni-Cu-P合金镀层向亚稳中间相Ni5P2及Ni12P5转变和亚稳中间相Ni5P2及Ni12P5向热力学稳定的Ni3P相转变的温度均逐渐升高;非晶态结构的合金镀层（质量分数）Ni-8.47%Cu-15.39%P、Ni-15.35%Cu-13.90%P及Ni-19.71%Cu-12.83%P在300℃加热后仍保持非晶态,而在363.39℃、363.69℃及370.04℃,这3种合金镀层分别转变为亚稳中间相Ni5P2及Ni12P5,随着温度的升高在428.20℃、442.54℃及453.96℃,合金镀层中的亚稳中间相Ni5P2及Ni12P5又进而转变为稳定相Ni3P;对于晶态结构（质量分数）Ni-56.49%Cu-6.01%P合金镀层,在170-330℃,镀层中Ni-Cu晶粒粗化、磷元素向晶界偏聚,在397.80℃镀层中的非晶相转变为亚稳中间相Ni5P2,在464.89℃亚稳中间相Ni5P2转变为稳定相Ni3P。     

光亮Fe-Ni合金电沉积工艺的研究

介绍了一种新的电沉积光亮Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ合金的方法用这种方法在室温下电沉积出外观接近镜面的Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ合金镀层,其厚度可达３７μｍ经Ｘ－ｒａｙ衍射及等离子光谱分析证实,所获得的合金镀层为γ（Ｆｅ－Ｎｉ）合金相,镀层中含Ｆｅ和Ｎｉ的量分别为２３．５％～４５．７％和７６．２％～５３．８％,同时含有少量的Ｐ和Ｂ元素文中对电沉积的工艺条件、光亮剂ＨＢ、添加剂ＨＴ的作用和影响进行了分析和探讨图６,表２,参９     

非晶态Cr-Fe-C合金镀层的研究

研究了从三价铬镀液中电沉积Cr—Fe—C镀层的工艺以及镀层的形貌、结构与性能，利用这种工艺获得了厚度30μm以上、ω（Fe）为27％左右的非晶态Cr—Fe—C合金镀层．结果表明，该镀层耐蚀性较好，且具有可热处理性，在600℃热处理1h后硬度最高可达1800HV，所以该镀层可以用于对高温耐磨性要求较高的场合．     

电沉积镍—钨合金非晶化机理研究

本文研究了电沉积镍—钨合金镀层的结构,及非晶态结构的形成机理.发现随着镀层中钨含量的增加,引起镀层晶格畸变增大,是导致形成非晶态结构的决定性因素.     

电沉积法制备Fe—Cr—P非晶合金

本文中以氨基乙酸为络合剂,在铜基上电沉积制取了光亮的Fe-Cr-P合金镀层。X衍射相分析表明,镀层呈非晶态结构。镀层中的Fe、Cr、P含量分别用比色法测定。在非晶态Fe-Cr-P合金电镀过程中,镀液pH值的变化对镀层组成有较大的影响,适宜的pH值范围为1.2～1.8。提高电镀液温度不利于Cr的析出,电镀时阴极过程处于电化学控制区域。     

Fe—P非晶合金电沉积镀层的制备及其腐蚀性能

本文以电化学方法研制Fe—P非晶合金的电沉积镀层。研究了各种电沉积条件对合金中磷含量的影响。测定了非晶合金的腐蚀性和极化曲线。实验结果指出,在开始阶段合金是活化腐蚀,合金中的磷加快了腐蚀过程,最后磷在表面的富集,使合金进入钝化状态。 对非晶合金电沉积镀层的晶化温度和硬度进行了测定。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to